[Cytokine therapy in the regulation of corneal reparative processes: an experimental and clinical study].

Cytokine monotherapy with Superlymph used in combination with the keratoprotector Applicoll in the treatment of superficial corneal layer defect resulted in rapidly alleviated inflammatory reactions, accelerated reparative processes, more qualitative epithelial defect recovery, by forming a finer scar, without opacity whereas the traditional treatment led to long-term healing and keratoleukoma in an experiment. The use of cytokine therapy with Superlymph in the complex treatment of corneal injuries and inflammation in children promoted a prompt and stable arrest of a local inflammatory process, accelerated epithelization, reduced opacity intensity, higher visual acuity, and shorter treatment.

[Systemic enzyme therapy in the treatment of children with lower orbital wall fractures].

Wobenzim, a drug for systemic enzyme therapy, was used in 26 children with lower orbital wall fractures as monotherapy in early periods (on days 1 to 7) after brain injury to improve healing conditions and to minimize the formation of scar tissues in the fractural area. A control group comprised 24 patients who received systemic dehydration and vessel-strengthening therapy. Systemic enzyme therapy with Wobenzim could reduce the attenuation time of inflammatory manifestations of injury, prevent complications, such as strangulation of the musculus rectus inferior in the fractural area and development of strangulated orbital soft tissue hernia, and substantially decrease the number of patients having indications for surgical plastic repair of the orbital wall, as compared with the control group.

[Surgical treatment of traumatic lesions of the orbit in children].

The paper presents an analysis of traumas of the orbit combined with craniocerebral trauma in children made according to data obtained at the eye microsurgery department, Morozov's Pediatric City Clinical Hospital. Fractures of the lower orbit wall account for around 70% of all orbit fractures; clinical signs of fractures of the lower orbit wall are defined; computer tomography is shown to be the most informative diagnostic tool. The paper contains indications for plasty of the lower orbit wall. Materials used in orbitoplasty are comparatively analyzed. The use of demineralized osseous implants is preferential.

[Pavlyuk--antioxidant "Gistochrom" in the complex treatment of intraocular hemorrhages in children].

We studied the efficiency of Russian antioxidant Gistochrom in the treatment of intraocular hemorrhages of different genesis in children. Gistochrom was used in 407 children (449 eyes), aged 1 month to 14 years, with traumatic hyphema, hemophthalmos, hemorrhages in the eye bottom, hemorrhagic retinovasculitis, recurrent hephema, diabetic retinopathy, hemorrhages after reconstruction of the anterior chamber with cataract extraction, neuritis, retinopathy of prematures as well as with uveitis with a pronounced exudative component, with signs of retinal edema and of reactive pappilitis. Gistochrom has an intense action on blood resorption in structures of the eye ball as observed in traumas and lesions of internal eye tunics with hemorrhages. The treatment efficiency is higher when the drug is used at earlier disease stages and when it is administered into the retrobulbar space through the irrigation system. Gistrochrom is recommended for use in ophthalmic practice for the treatment of intraocular hemorrhages of different genesis as well as in retinopathy with a pronounced exudative component and in different-etiology uveitis.

Experimental and clinical study of the demineralized bone allografts manufactured in the tissue bank of CITO.

The technology for producing demineralized bone allografts (DBA) with definable degree of demineralization and sterilization by high energy electron bean was developed in the tissue bank of Central Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics (CITO). The authors consider the technology to be one of the ways of producing demineralized bones. The results of the experiments show that time of demineralization process as well as the absorption dose of radioactive high energy electron beam change substantially mechanical toughness and osteoinductive properties of DBA. Mechanical properties of DBA were tested by the universal testing machine 'Zwick 1464'. Quantitative assessment of DBA osteoinductive properties resulted from the investigation of DBA samples in the culture of stromal precursor bone marrow cells and in the culture of human skin fibroblasts. Cloning efficiency of fibroblasts was considered as indecies of proliferative potential of stromal bone marrow cells, i.e. osteogenic precursor cells. The growth of the cell mass after definite time as well as the index of 3H-timidin marked cells within biological inductor were considered as indecies of proliferative potential of skin fibroblasts. The obtained results showed, that inductive properties of allografts improve when the degree of their demineralization increases whereas the dose of high energy electron radiation decreases. Mechanical toughness of DBA deteriorates when both degree of their demineralization and radiation doses increase. This emphasizes the importance of optimizing technological stages in DBA producing. Since 1998 DBA have been used in Russian clinics for bone plasty in traumatology and orthopaedics, maxilla-facial surgery, ophthalmology, and neurosurgery. The resulting analysis is based on case histories of 257 patients operated from March 1998 to July 2002. The majority of patients were children and teenagers of 3-18 years old with prime tumors, tumor-like and systemic inherited diseases of skeleton, post-traumatic complications. Observation periods were from 1.5 to 5 years and 10 months. Good and satisfactory results were obtained in 93.4% cases.