[Effects of surgical intervention and intravascular irradiation of blood with helium-neon laser on the state humoral autoimmunity in oncological patients]. / Vliianie khirurgicheskogo vmeshatel'stva v vnutrisosudistogo oblucheniia krovi gelii-neonovym lazerom na sostoianie gumoral'nogo autoimmuniteta u onkologicheskikh bol'nykh.

Humoral autoimmunity of patients with malignant gastrointestinal tumors was studied by different variants of enzyme immunoassay. In the preoperative period the frequency of detecting autoantibodies binding to DNA and components of external and internal membranes of cells of different tissues was not higher in patients (n-55) than in donors (n-45). Beginning from the 7th postoperative day all patients were found to have a significantly increased level of autoantibodies to DNA (p less than 0.01), fibroblasts (p less than 0.01), hepatocytes (p less than 0.01), islet cells (p less than 0.01), hepatic or pancreatic microsomes (p less than 0.05). There was a tendency towards normalization of these level by the 21st day in all cases. In patients (n-10) treated by blood intravascular laser irradiation after the operation the level of IgG (but not IgM) autoantibodies to DNA by the 14th postoperative day was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher than that in patients whose blood was not exposed to radiation. It is suggested that the discovered humoral immune reaction is a necessary component of wound immunity and develops in response to hetero-organic autoantigens which are unmasked in injury of the tissues during the operation. Laser therapy ensures a more intensive development of this reaction without altering its direction.

[An immunoenzyme method for determining autoantibodies to the microsomal antigens of human thyrocytes]. / Immunofermentnyi metod opredeleniia autoantitel k mikrosomal'nym antigenam tireotsitov cheloveka.

In order to investigate the role of autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases and for clinicoimmunological control of treatment, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the determination of autoantibodies against human thyroid microsomal antigens (TMA) was developed. ELISA was evaluated using sera from 156 patients with different thyroid pathology and diabetes mellitus and from 54 healthy donors. In parallel experiments the same sera were analyzed by an indirect immunofluorescence method for the presence of autoantibodies against TMA. Comparing all these data, both techniques appeared to have the same specificity, however ELISA was more sensitive than the indirect immunofluorescence method. Another advantage of ELISA is a possibility of long-term storage of microplates with immobilized antigen material without loss of antigenic activity. ELISA can be used for the determination of autoantibodies against TMA in human sera as a routine technique in clinical practice and experiments.

[Hypoinsulinemia, hyperglycemia and circulating antibodies to the islet cells during the development of streptozotocin diabetes in rats]. / Gipoinsulinemiia, giperglikemiia i tsirkuliruiushchie antitela k ostrovkovym kletkam pri razvitii streptozototsinovogo diabeta u krys.

The time course of metabolic parameters and islet cell surface antibodies (ICSA) in low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats was studied, a total STZ dose being 160 mg/kg body weight. Two-phase diabetes development was observed. Initial mild hypoinsulinemia and hyperglycemia turned to more severe diabetes after day 24 which was preceded by the first ICSA peak at day 13. The second ICSA peak occurred at day 35. The data obtained suggest that in this model of diabetes the toxic STZ effect induces both the diabetic syndrome and humoral autoimmunity to beta-cells, and the latter leads to further impairment of diabetes.

[The morphology of diabetic nephropathy in experimental diabetes induced by low doses of streptozotocin]. / Morfologiia diabeticheskoi nefropatii pri éksperimental'nom diabete, vyzvannom nizkimi dozami streptozototsina.

Kidneys of 16 Wistar rats were examined by light and electron microscopy, immunofluorescence and biochemically for the transamidinase activity at various periods of experimental diabetes induced by the fractionated intraperitoneal administration of low (40 mg/kg) doses of streptozotocin. 18 rats of the same age and sex served as control. This model of diabetes is characterized by a gradual decrease of the serum immunoreactive insulin, increase of hyperglycemia, the presence of "insulitis" 19 days after the beginning of the experiment and the development of nephropathy in the genesis of which immune mechanisms might participate. Transamidinase activity correlated with the alterations of renal tubuli. The conclusion is made on the possibility of using this model of experimental diabetes for studying the pathogenetic mechanisms of renal lesions in diabetes; transamidinase activity allows one to evaluate the nephron function in diabetic nephropathy.

[Molecular biological aspects of the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus]. / Molekuliarno-biologicheskie aspekty patogeneza sakharnogo diabeta.

The discovery of the key role played by the immune system in the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) opens up new possibilities for its early diagnosis, at the stages preceding its clinical manifestation. Analysed are the markers of genetic susceptibility to IDDM associated with some major histocompatibility complex antigens (specifically with HLA-DR 3, HLA-DR4, and HLA-DQ), of the cellular and humoral anti-islet autoimmunity, as well as the origin of the islet-cell autoantigens. The markers' significance for the diagnosis and prognosis is discussed.

[Purification and comparative study of the properties of glucocorticoid- and estrogen-receptor complexes in the rat liver]. / Ochistka i sravnitel'noe izuchenie svoistv gliukokortikoid- i éstrogen-retseptornykh kompleksov pecheni krys.

Parallel purification of glucocorticoid- and estrogen-receptor complexes from rat liver cytosol has been accomplished. Some properties of purified steroid-receptor complexes (SRC) were determined. The procedure developed earlier when the two-step treatment of cytosol with DNA-cellulose alternated with SRC ammonium sulphate precipitation, was shown to be universally applicable for purification of various SRC. Certain modifications have been devised allowing some increase in the degree of receptor purification. The amount of estrogen-receptor complexes (ERC) isolated from male liver cytosol was 20-40 times less than that of glucocorticoid-receptor complexes (GRC) isolated simultaneously from the equal volume of the same cytosol. Both SRC types bind intensively to homologous DNA but not to poly(A). The elution of GRC from DNA cellulose was mainly achieved at 0.4 M NaCl. With this, GRC and ERC showed small, but reliable differences in the salt resistance of their associates with DNA: the ERC-DNA link was stable toward NaCl up to 0.1 M, whereas an appreciable amount of GRC was eluted from DNA-cellulose at 0.1 M NaCl. The stability of purified ERC exceeded that of purified GRC, which apparently reflects the differences in the hormone-receptor binding constants. The receptor stability under various environmental conditions is discussed and some recommendations on the improvement of the SRC stability and its control are given.