[Antagonistic activity of Lactobacillus bacteria strains against anaerobic gastrointestinal tract pathogens (Helicobacter pylori, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium difficile)]. / Antagonistyczne dzialanie bakterii z rodzaju Lactobacillus wobec beztlenowych i mikroaerofilnych czynników zakazen przewodu pokarmowego (Helicobacter pylori, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium difficile).

Antagonistic activity of Lactobacillus strains has been known for some time. This property is connected with production of many active substances by lactobacilli e.g., organic acids and bacteriocin-like substances which interfere with other indigenous microorganisms inhabiting the same ecological niche, including also anaerobic gastrointestinal tract pathogens. Growing interest of clinical medicine in finding new approaches to treatment and prevention of common inflammatory infections of the digestive tract resulted in studies on a possible usage of lactic acid bacteria. Last years, several in vitro and in vivo experiments on antagonism of different Lactobacillus strains against Helicobacter pylori and Clostridium difficile were performed. These observations had been done on already established, well known probiotic Lactobacillus strains. We tested antibacterial activities of Lactobacillus strains isolated from human digestive tract. As indicator bacteria, four species known as anaerobic bacterial etiologic agents of gastroenteric infections: Helicobacter pylori, Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli and Clostridium difficile were used. Some of them were obtained from international collections, others were clinical isolates from specimens taken from patients with different defined gastrointestinal infections. We used a slab method of testing inhibitory activity described in details previously. Following conclusions were drawn from our study: All tested human Lactobacillus strains were able to inhibit the growth of all strains of anaerobic human gastrointestinal pathogens used in this study. Inhibitory activities of tested Lactobacillus strains against Helicobacter pylori, Campylobacter spp., and Clostridium difficile as measured by comparing mean diameters of the inhibition zones were similar. Differences in susceptibility of individual indicator strains of Campylobacter spp. and Clostridium difficile to inhibitory activity of Lactobacillus strains were small. A similar mechanism of inhibition of anaerobic bacteria by lactobacilli is postulated.

[Limits and possibilities of counseling in the general practice of the established physician]. / Grenzen und Möglichkeiten bei der Beratung in der Praxis des niedergelassenen Arztes.

The resources and instruments available to the office-practice physician fail to come up to the postulate of "rehabilitation of the person". The decentralized system of social protection administration has resulted in areas of competence of medically unclear definition, which is the background of frequent attempts to shift costs on to other institutions. Bureaucratic procedures are highly intricate and lacking in practicality, possibilities for community service provision, for improvement of the labour market situation and for comprehensive care of the disabled are not available to a sufficient degree in the present system.