Effects of different afforestation years on soil moisture and nutrient content in Maxian Mountain of the Loess Plateau.

In the area of "returning farmland to forest" on the Loess Plateau in China, it is difficult to cultivate artificially planted trees into forests. In the current study, abandoned cultivated land after 10 years of natural restoration served as controls (CK), while the treatments included afforestation periods of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 years. Soil samples were collected from various depths: 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, to 80-100 cm. The findings revealed that with increasing years of artificial afforestation, soil pH gradually increased, and soil moisture content rose in the 0-20 cm layer while declining in deeper layers (20-100 cm) in the Maxian Mountain region of the Loess Plateau. Moreover, the total carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content initially increased and then decreased with the duration of artificial afforestation, reaching peak values after 8 years. Contents of organic matter, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the same soil layer increased with each year of afforestation. However, upon reaching 10 years of artificial afforestation, the effective nutrient content in the 60-80 and 80-100 cm soil layers exhibited a decrease. The values of Integrated Fertility Index (IFI) in different afforestation years were ranked as follows: 8 years > 6 years > 10 years > 4 years > 2 year, but all of them were significantly smaller than those of natural restoration plot CK (P < 0.05). Overall, soil fertility in the Maxian Mountain area of the Loess Plateau increases with each additional year of artificial afforestation. However, when the artificial afforestation period is 10 years, soil fertility decreases and marking a shift from enhancement to decline beyond this duration.

Neurosyphilis Presenting as Psychiatric Symptoms at Younger Age: A Case Report.

Neurosyphilis is a central nervous system infection caused by Treponema pallidum that imitates various neurological and mental disorders. Therefore, patients with this disease are prone to misdiagnoses. Here, we report a case of neurosyphilis with a psychotic disorder as the main manifestation. A young girl exhibited mental and behavioural abnormalities after a heartbreak, which manifested as alternating low mood, emotional irritability, and a lack of interest in social relations, followed by memory loss. The cerebrospinal fluid protein - Treponema pallidum particle agglutination test was positive, the toluidine red unheated serum test titre was 1:4, the white blood cell count was 5 × 10^6/L, the cerebrospinal fluid protein level was 0.97 g/L, and the brain CT was abnormal. After admission, the possibility of neurosyphilis was considered and the patient received intravenous penicillin G treatment. The patient's clinical symptom ms improved. This case emphasises that doctors should maintain clinical suspicion of Treponema pallidum infection in adolescent patients with mental abnormalities.

Parathyroid hormone (1-34) retards the lumbar facet joint degeneration and activates Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway in ovariectomized rats.

PURPOSE: Facet joint degeneration (FJD) is a major cause of low back pain. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) (1-34) is commonly used to treat osteoporosis. However, little is known about its effects on FJD induced by estrogen deficiency. This study aims to investigate the effects of PTH (1-34) on FJD induced by estrogen deficiency and the underlying pathogenesis of the disease. METHODS: Forty 3-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: 30 received bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) followed by 12 weeks of treatment with normal saline, PTH (1-34) or 17ß-estradiol (E2), and 10 received sham surgery followed by administration of normal saline. Status and Wnt/ß-catenin signaling activity in the cartilage and subchondral bone of the L4-L5 FJs and serum biomarkers were analyzed. RESULTS: Administration of PTH (1-34) and E2 ameliorated cartilage lesions, and significantly decreased MMP-13 and caspase-3 levels and chondrocyte apoptosis. PTH (1-34) but not E2 significantly increased cartilage thickness, number of chondrocytes, and the expression of aggrecan. PTH (1-34) significantly improved microarchitecture parameters of subchondral bone, increased the expression of collagen I and osteocalcin, and decreased RANKL/OPG ratio. E2 treatment significantly increased the OPG level and decreased the RANKL/OPG ratio in the subchondral bone of ovariectomized rats, but it did not significantly improve the microarchitecture parameters of subchondral bone. Wnt3a and ß-catenin expression was significantly reduced in the articular cartilage and subchondral bone in OVX rats, but PTH (1-34) could increase the expression of these proteins. E2 significantly increased the activity of Wnt/ß-catenin pathway only in cartilage, but not in subchondral bone. The restoration of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling had an obvious correlation with the improvement of some parameters associated with the FJs status. CONCLUSION: Wnt/ß-catenin signaling may be a potential therapeutic target for FJD induced by estrogen deficiency. PTH (1-34) is effective in treating this disease with better efficacy than 17ß-estradiol, and the efficacy may be attributed to its restoration of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling.

Experimental study on the effects of different exposure conditions and contrast agent concentrations on spectral computed tomography virtual non-contrast images.

Background: The early diagnosis of thrombosis and fat embolism is important for subsequent treatment regimens. Spectral computed tomography (CT) virtual non-contrast (VNC) scanning can not only accurately diagnose thrombosis and medium fat embolism but can also reduce the radiation dose and scanning time. However, there is a relative paucity of studies on what contrast concentration and exposure conditions are best for the quality of VNC images. To address this issue, this study aimed to investigate the effects of different exposure conditions and contrast concentrations on the quality of VNC images of low-density substances in spectral CT. Methods: Four solution groups [i.e., groups A (15 mgI/mL), B (10 mgI/mL), C (5 mgI/mL), and D (the control group)] were matched with normal saline and contrast agent groups. Four groups of solution, duck blood clots, and fat were injected into four sections of the pig large intestine, respectively. CT scans with different exposure amounts were performed under the condition of 120 KV. Comparing the true non-contrast (TNC) image based on solution D group with the VNC images of the other three solution groups. The differences in the CT values, standard deviation (SD) values, and contrast noise ratio (CNR) values of the duck blood and fat under different iodine concentrations and exposures were compared. The image quality was evaluated using a three-point method and the Kappa consistency test was performed. The consistency of the tissue CT values in the TNC and VNC images was analyzed by drawing Bland-Altman scatter plots. Results: The CT values of the duck blood in the VNC20mAs and VNCC groups were lower than those in the TNC groups (P<0.05). Under different exposures and contrast agent concentrations, the CT value of the fat in the VNC group was higher than that in the TNC group (P<0.05). The SD values of the duck blood and fat in three groups (i.e., groups A, B, and C) were lower than those in the TNC group (P<0.05). The CNR value of the duck blood in the VNC20mAs group was lower than that in the TNC group (Z=-2.10, P=0.04), and the CNR values of the duck blood and fat in the VNC group were higher than those in the TNC groups in the remaining different exposure and concentration groups (P<0.05). The CT values of the lesions in the two groups were consistent, and there were no statistically significant differences between the subjective scores of the TNC and VNC images (z=-1.34, P=0.18); the subjective evaluations of the two physicians had good consistency (K=0.80). Conclusions: Under the conditions of higher contrast agent concentrations and proper exposure conditions, the VNC images were better able to restore the CT values of the blood clots, reduce the SD values of the blood clots and fat. In addition, and improve the CNR values of the blood clots and fat. In addition, the quality of the two images was similar.

Antinuclear Antibodies in Erythema Multiforme: Transient Occurrence During Acute Illness.

BACKGROUND: Children with target lesions are frequently diagnosed with erythema multiforme (EM). EM was not previously thought to be associated with any specific autoimmune serological abnormality. METHODS: We report the case of a 7-year-old girl who developed rashes all over her body with target shaped lesions. Based on clinical appearance and medical history, she was diagnosed with severe erythema multiforme and treated with methylprednisolone. Relevant laboratory tests were performed at admission. RESULTS: At the height of her infection, the antinuclear antibody (ANA) test showed a positive ANA with a titer of 1:100 (speckled pattern) and positive anti-SSA and anti-Ro-52 antibodies. Then she was adjusted for medication. After a week, the infection was relieved, and the re-examination was negative for ANA, anti-SSA, and anti-Ro-52 antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: In previously reported EM cases, ANA is generally not considered to be present. The disappearance of ANA during the convalescent phase suggests that ANA is expressed during the acute phase of EM infection. Its correlation with infection severity warrants further research on the mechanism of autoantibody formation in EM.

Fabrication of Ag nanostar and PEI-based SERS substrate for sensitive and rapid detection of SO2: Application for detection of sulfite residues in beer.

Because of sulfite's potential toxicity, there is a growing concern about detecting and controlling its concentration in foods, alcoholic beverages, pharmaceuticals, and environmental samples to ensure public health. A branched polyethyleneimine-coated silver nano-star (AgNS@PEI) surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate was synthesized in this study for use as a sensitive, simple, rapid, stable, and reproducible non-destructible sulfite detection analytical technique. The seed morphology of the nano-star was created by using hydroxylamine (NH2OH) solution as a primary reducing agent, followed by a slow secondary reduction by trisodium citrate dihydrate (HOC(COONa)(CH2COONa)2 2H2O), resulting in the complete growth of the silver nano-star. For extra stability and selective absorption of sulfur dioxide from the headspace extraction of SO2 from sulfites, the nano-stars were thin coated with branched polyethyleneimine (b-PEI). The results showed that the thin-coated plasmonic substrates selectively absorb sulfur dioxide molecules, allowing sulfites in beer samples to be detected with a detection limit of 0.48 mg/L. Furthermore, the PEI-coated silver nano-star demonstrated increased stability and reproducibility, allowing for longer use of the substrate. Recovery experiments with recovery rates ranging from 95 to 112% and relative standard deviations ranging from 1.55 to 8.1% demonstrated that headspace extraction, selective SO2 absorption by the synthesized substrate, and subsequent SERS detections were reliable and valid for practical applications. Finally, this study developed an SO2-sensitive, selective, and robust Si@AgNS@PEI substrate for effective SERS detection and monitoring of sulfite levels in real-world environmental samples.

Lead poisoning in a 6-month-old infant: a case report.

Background: Lead is a toxic element of the environment that leads to major complications once it enters the blood stream, affecting multiple organs and systems of the body. Methods: We present a case of a 6-month-old female infant diagnosed with lead poisoning after presenting for routine child health care. The child's mother denied that the infant had a history of exposure to lead-containing substances. After a month of calcium supplementation, the patient's blood lead level remained elevated. We then tested the blood lead level of the mother and father. The results showed that the blood lead level of the mother was 77.0 µg/L and that of the father was 36.9 µg/L. The high blood lead level of the mother attracted our attention. We found that the mother had been using an external traditional Chinese medicine, Hu Wang Fen, which contains lead. After the mother's discontinuation of use of the traditional medicine, the child was treated with symptomatic treatment and chelation therapy. Subsequently, the patient's blood lead level decreased significantly. Results: Lead toxicity can be a life-threatening problem because of its potential for severe complications. In children, there is no safe blood lead level, and the toxic effects of lead can be prevented by the awareness and avoidance of traditional Chinese medicines that may contain lead. Conclusion: Even though the diagnosis of lead poisoning remains difficult in children, it must be taken into consideration by the clinician when treating a child using traditional Chinese medicines.

Oviposition Preference and Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Table Analysis of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Different Maize Varieties.

Host plants play an important role in the growth, development, and reproduction of insects. However, only a few studies have reported the effects of maize varieties on the growth and reproduction of S. frugiperda. In this study, a free-choice test was used to evaluate the oviposition preferences of female adults on ten common maize varieties and ten special maize varieties. The population fitness of S. frugiperda on six different maize varieties was also examined using the age-stage, two-sex life table method. The results showed that S. frugiperda oviposited and completed its life cycle across all maize cultivars. Moreover, the S. frugiperda females exhibited a significantly higher oviposition preference on the special maize varieties than on the common maize varieties. The highest number of eggs and egg masses occurred on Baitiannuo and the lowest on Zhengdan 958. The egg + larval stage, preadult, pupal stage, adult, APOP, TPOP, and total longevity of S. frugiperda were significantly shorter on the special maize varieties than on the common maize varieties. The fecundity, oviposition days, pupal weight, and hatching rate of S. frugiperda were significantly higher on the special maize varieties than on the common maize varieties. Specifically, S. frugiperda had the highest fecundity, female, and male pupal weight on Baitiannuo. Moreover, the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), and finite rate of increase (λ) of S. frugiperda were the greatest on Baitiannuo, whereas the shortest mean generation time (T) occurred on Zaocuiwang. The lowest R0, r, and λ, and longest T occurred on Zhengdan 958, suggesting that Zhengdan 958 is a non-preferred host plant compared to the other tested maize varieties. The findings of this study can provide a reference for the rational planting of maize and provide basic scientific information for the management of S. frugiperda.

Analysis of pelvic floor electromyography in women screened 42 days postpartum: A cross-sectional study.

To investigate the characteristics of pelvic floor surface electromyography parameters on the basis of Glazer assessment in women 42 days postpartum, and to analyze the predictive value of surface electromyography (sEMG) in postpartum stress urinary incontinence. This is a retrospective study. Three thousand twenty-nine females in total who were screened 42 days postpartum in Jinniu District Maternal and Children's Health Hospital of Chengdu from January 2019 to December 2020 were selected, and were randomly allocated into stress urinary incontinence (SUI) (n = 509) and the non-SUI group (n = 2520). Pelvic floor surface electromyography was performed by the same physiotherapists. The evaluation parameters included the average EMG value in the pre-resting baseline, the maximum sEMG value, the rising time, the descent time in the fast-twitch phase, and the average sEMG value in the slow-twitch phase. Mean value and modifiability of EMG value in post-resting stage. The disparities of the mentioned parameters hereinabove in the SUI and non-SUI groups were made comparison, and the relationship between stress urinary incontinence and sEMG parameters was analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of SUI was 16.8% in women 42 days after delivery. Body mass index and vaginal delivery were risk factors for SUI. Among the sEMG parameters of the SUI group and the non-SUI group, the maximum EMG values in the fast-twitch phase (28.81 ± 14.41 vs 30.41 ± 15.15), the rising time in the fast-twitch phase (0.55 ± 0.36 vs 0.51 ± 0.30), and the Phase descent time (0.76 ± 0.76 vs 0.68 ± 0.65), mean slow-twitch phase EMG (17.82 ± 10.10 vs 19.69 ± 15.62), slow-twitch phase variability (0.28 ± 0.12 vs 0.26 ± 0.10), are statistically different (P < .05). In the SUI group, body mass index (estimated parameter = 0.029, P = .023), mean EMG during slow-twitch phase (estimated parameter = -0.013, P = .004) were relevant to stress urinary incontinence after delivery. The sEMG based on Glazer protocol indicates the activity of slow-twitch muscle fibers in SUI patients are decreased, and there is a correlation with the occurrence of stress urinary incontinence. sEMG can be applied as a quantitative evaluation tool of the pelvic floor analysis in postpartum SUI.

Effects of different plantation years on grassland plant community in Maxian Mountain area of the Loess Plateau.

Plant communities in the Loess Plateau's artificial afforestation forests play an important role in fragile ecosystem restoration. Therefore, the composition, coverage, biomass, diversity, and similarity of grassland plant communities in different years of artificial afforestation in cultivated land were investigated. The effects of years of artificial afforestation on grassland plant community succession in the Loess Plateau were also investigated. The results showed that as the number of years of artificial afforestation increased, grassland plant communities grew from scratch, constantly optimizing community components, improving community coverage, and increasing aboveground biomass. The community diversity index and similarity coefficient gradually approached those of a 10-year abandoned community that had recovered naturally. After 6 years of artificial afforestation, the dominant species of the grassland plant community changed from Agropyron cristatum to Kobresia myosuroides, and the main associated species changed from Compositae and Gramineae to Compositae, Gramineae, Rosaceae, and Leguminosae. The α-diversity index accelerated restoration, the richness index and diversity index increased, and the dominant index decreased. The evenness index had no significant difference from CK. The ß-diversity index decreased as the number of years of afforestation increased. The similarity coefficient between CK and grassland plant communities in various lands changed from medium dissimilarity to medium similarity at 6 years of afforestation. According to the analysis of various indicators of the grassland plant community, the grassland plant community had a positive succession within 10 years of artificial afforestation on the cultivated land of the Loess Plateau, and the threshold of the years from slow to fast was 6 years.

Advances in laboratory diagnostic methods for cerebrospinal fluid testing for neurosyphilis.

Neurosyphilis is a chronic infectious disease caused by the invasion of Treponema pallidum into the central nervous system. In recent years, with the increase in the latent syphilis infection rate, the incidence of neurosyphilis has gradually increased, the typical symptoms of neurosyphilis have decreased, atypical manifestations have increased, and the clinical manifestations have become increasingly diverse. Cerebrospinal fluid testing plays an important role in the diagnosis of neurosyphilis. In recent years, there have been many advances in cerebrospinal fluid testing. This review focuses on the current and potential laboratory indicators of neurosyphilis in cerebrospinal fluid, aiming to provide a reference for clinical application and ideas for future experimental research of neurosyphilis.

Responses of Six Wheat Cultivars (Triticum aestivum) to Wheat Aphid (Sitobion avenae) Infestation.

Resistant variety screening is widely recommended for the management of Sitobion avenae. The purpose of this study was to assess responses of six wheat varieties (lines) to S. avenae. The aphid quantity ratio (AQR) was used to assess S. avenae resistance. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to perform a correlation analysis between AQR, biological parameters, and the accumulation of total phenolic and flavonoid content. When compared to the other cultivars, the results showed that two cultivars, Yongliang No.15 and Ganchun No.18, had high resistance against S. avenae. The correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between total phenol and flavonoid content accumulation and developmental duration (DD), and a negative relationship between accumulation and weight gain (WG) and mean relative growth rate (MRGR). The correlation between flavonoid and biological parameters was statistically stronger than the correlation between total phenol and biological parameters. This research provides critical cues for screening and improving aphid-resistant wheat varieties in the field and will aid in our understanding of the resistance mechanism of wheat varieties against S. avenae.

Responses of Fungi Maggot (Bradysia impatiens Johannsen) to Allyl Isothiocyanate and High CO2.

Botanical pesticide is highly recommended for integrated pest management (IPM), due to its merits such as environmental friendliness, safe to non-target organisms, operators, animals, and food consumers. The experiment was conducted to determine the lethal and sub-lethal effects of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) on eggs, third instar larvae, pupae, and females and males of Bradysia impatiens Johannsen (B. impatiens). Different concentrations of AITC under ambient CO2 by the conical flask sealed fumigation method were used for the experiment. The results showed that there was a significant linear relationship between different concentrations of AITC and the toxicity regression equation of B. impatiens. The sub-lethal concentrations of AITC had significant effects on the larval stage, pupal stage, pupation rate, pupal weight, adult emergence rate, and oviposition. The pupation rate, pupal weight, and adult emergency rate were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by AITC fumigation. The pupation rate was the lowest after fumigation treatment of AITC at LC50 (36.67%), followed by LC25 (41.94%), compared with the CK (81.39%). Female longevity was significantly (p < 0.05) shortened by fumigation at LC25 (1.75 d) and LC50 (1.64 d), compared with that of CK (2.94 d). Male longevity was shorter at LC25 (1.56 d) than at LC50 (1.25 d) and had no significant difference between these two treatments. The fumigation efficiency of AITC was significantly increased under high CO2 condition. Furthermore, detoxification enzyme activities and antioxidant enzyme activities were accumulated under high CO2 condition. The fumigation method in the application of AITC can be useful in areas where B. impatiens is a major concern.

The combined anti-osteoporotic effects of simvastatin and exercise in ovariectomized mice fed a high-fat diet.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate and compare the effects of the combined intervention of simvastatin and exercise on the bone degeneration in a mice model of osteoporosis (OP) induced by obesity and estrogen deficiency. METHODS: 56 female 3-month-old C57BL/6 mice were given a standard diet or a high-fat diet after ovariectomy (OVX) or sham surgery. Drug administration and exercise training were initiated 72 h after surgical operation, which were treated with simvastatin (10 mg/kg/day) or exercise (15 m/min for 30 min/day) or combined with simvastatin and exercise at 72 h for 8 weeks. The pathology of OP was assessed by histomorphology analyses, immunohistochemistry (IHC), micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and cell culture. RESULTS: The coexistence of obesity and estrogen deficiency significantly further exacerbated OP pathology, and combined intervention showed a better significant anti-osteoporosis effect than monotherapy. In details, simvastatin combined with exercise ameliorated the abnormal bone mass, microstructure and bone marrow adipocyte differentiation, significantly increased osteoprotegerin (OPG), type 1 collagen (Col-I), RUNX2 and osteocalcin (OCN) expression, decreased the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Furthermore, combined intervention markedly improved abnormal metabolic status, reduced the levels of serum glucose, insulin, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), leptin, CTX-1 and IL-1ß, and increased the level of OCN. CONCLUSIONS: The coexistence of obesity and estrogen deficiency further aggravates bone tissue degeneration and abnormal metabolic pathology, which could be better inhibited by the combination with simvastatin and exercise instead of single intervention, suggesting that combined intervention may be a potential candidate for amelioration of the progression of OP.

Combination of metformin and exercise alleviates osteoarthritis in ovariectomized mice fed a high-fat diet.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the effects of the combined intervention of metformin and exercise on the degeneration of cartilage and subchondral bone in a mouse model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by estrogen deficiency and obesity. METHODS: 56 female 3-month-old C57BL/6 mice underwent ovariectomy (OVX) (n = 40) or a sham operation (n = 16) and were randomized into seven groups (n = 8/group): 1) sham-operated mice with a normal diet (Sham), 2) OVX mice with a normal diet (OVX), 3) sham-operated mice with high-fat diet (HFD) (HSVX), 4) OVX mice with HFD (HOVX), 5) OVX mice with HFD + exercise (HOVE), 6) OVX mice with HFD + metformin (HOMX), and 7) OVX mice with HFD + metformin + exercise (HOME). Drug administration and exercise training were initiated 72 h after surgical operation. The pathology of OA was assessed by histomorphology analyses, immunohistochemistry (IHC), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, micro-computed tomography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Histomorphological analysis revealed that OA was significantly exacerbated by the coexistence of estrogen deficiency and obesity and markedly alleviated by the combined intervention. In details, metformin plus exercise ameliorated the abnormal metabolic status and cartilage lesions, significantly increased aggrecan and collagen-II expression and decreased the expression of ADAMTS-4. Furthermore, combined intervention markedly improved bone degeneration, bone mass and microarchitecture of subchondral bone. And the intervention also increased the concentration of OCN and decreased the serum concentration of IL-1ß and CTX-1 and glucose. CONCLUSIONS: The coexistence of estrogen deficiency and obesity further aggravates abnormal metabolic pathology and articular degeneration, which could be prevented by the combination with metformin and exercise, suggesting that combined intervention may be a potential candidate for amelioration of the progression of OA.

Salidroside Alleviates Chronic Constriction Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain and Inhibits of TXNIP/NLRP3 Pathway.

Neuropathic pain is one of the most common conditions requiring treatment worldwide. Salidroside (SAL), a phenylpropanoid glucoside extracted from Rhodiola, has been suggested to produce an analgesic effect in chronic pain. However, whether SAL could alleviate pain hypersensitivity after peripheral nerve injury and its mode of action remains unclear. Several studies suggest that activation of the spinal NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and its related proteins contribute to neuropathic pain's pathogenesis. This study investigates the time course of activation of spinal NLRP3 inflammasome axis in the development of neuropathic pain and also whether SAL could be an effective treatment for this type of pain by modulating NLRP3 inflammasome. In the chronic constriction injury (CCI) mice model, spinal NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins and TXNIP, the mediator of NLRP3, were upregulated from the 14th to the 28th day after injury. The TXNIP and NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins were mainly present in neurons and microglial cells in the spinal dorsal horn after CCI. Intraperitoneal injection of SAL at 200 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days starting from the 7th day of CCI injury could ameliorate mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity in the CCI model. Moreover, SAL inhibited the activation of the TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome axis and mitigated the neuronal loss of spinal dorsal horn induced by nerve injury. These results indicate that SAL could produce analgesic and neuroprotective effects in the CCI model of neuropathic pain.

The Protective Effects of Parathyroid Hormone (1-34) on Cartilage and Subchondral Bone Through Down-Regulating JAK2/STAT3 and WNT5A/ROR2 in a Collagenase-Induced Osteoarthritis Mouse Model.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of PTH (1-34) on bone and cartilage metabolism in a collagenase-induced mouse model of osteoarthritis (OA) and examine whether PTH (1-34) affects the expression of JAK2/STAT3 and WNT5A/ROR2 in this process. METHODS: Eighteen 12-week-old male C57Bl/6 mice were randomly assigned into three groups as follows: sham group (Group A), the collagenase + saline injection group (Group B), and the collagenase + PTH (1-34) treatment group (Group C). Collagenase was injected (intra-articular) into the knee joint of Group B and C. The PTH (1-34)-treatment was started at 6 weeks after the operation and lasted for 6 weeks. Cartilage pathology was evaluated by gross visual, histological, and immunohistochemical assessments. Subchondral bone was evaluated by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS: The OARSI macroscopic and microscopic scores of Group B were higher than those of Group A (P = 0.026; P = 0.002, respectively). Group C showed statistically significant differences in macroscopic and microscopic scores from Group B (P = 0.041; P = 0.008, respectively). The results showed that the Col-II and AGG expression levels in the cartilage tissue were significantly lower in Group B than Group A (P < 0.001; P = 0.008, respectively). The Col-II and AGG expression levels were significantly higher in Group C than Group B (P = 0.009; P = 0.014, respectively). MMP-13, ADAMTS-4, Caspase-3, P53, and Bax expression levels were significantly higher in Group B than the Group A (P < 0.001; P < 0.001; P = 0.04; P < 0.001; P = 0.005, respectively); however, the cartilage tissue in Group C showed significantly less ADAMTS-4, MMP-13, Caspase-3, P53, and Bax expression than Group B (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.044; P = 0.002; P = 0.005, respectively). Over-expressed JAK2/STAT3 and WNT5A/ROR2 were observed in both cartilage and subchondral bone in this model; however, these changes were prevented by PTH (1-34) treatment. These parameters (bone mineral density, bone volume ratio, trabecular bone pattern factor, and structure model index) of micro-CT indicated subchondral bone loss and architecture changes in Group B, but improvements in these parameters in Group C. CONCLUSIONS: PTH (1-34) exhibits protective effects on both cartilage and subchondral bone in a collagenase-induced OA mouse model, and it may be involved in down-regulating the expression of JAK2/STAT3 and WNT5A/ROR2.

A Rare Antinuclear Antibody Fluorescence Pattern Induced by Rodenticides: a Case Report.

BACKGROUND: Warfarin and superwarfarins, which belong to anticoagulants, are also widely used as rodenticides worldwide. Cases of accidental ingestion of these kinds of rodenticides often occur, and the patients usually have clinical symptoms of various systemic bleeding which are, in serious cases, life threatening. METHODS: We reported a 12-year-old boy poisoned by superwarfarins. He was initially diagnosed with coagulation disorder induced by rodenticides and was treated with vitamin K. A month after the onset of the disease, the patient was further treated in our hospital. We improved his relevant laboratory tests and found that his antinuclear antibody (ANA) and anti-SSA antibodies were positive. After the patient was cured and discharged, the result of ANA turned negative four months later. RESULTS: The ANA fluorescence pattern of the patient presented a rare cytoplasmic granular type with low titer, which appeared when the patient was poisoned and disappeared after cured. In the previously reported cases of rodenticides poisoning, ANA-positive individuals are rare, and this kind of fluorescence pattern has not been reported before. CONCLUSIONS: During the diagnosis and treatment of anticoagulant rodenticides poisoning patients, the monitoring of coagulation function is important, but other laboratory tests should also be considered to avoid missing some suggestive positive results.

Specific protein kinase C isoform exerts chronic inhibition on the slowly activating delayed-rectifier potassium current by affecting channel trafficking.

The slowly activating delayed rectifier K+ current (IKs) plays a key role in the repolarization of ventricular action potential in the human heart and is formed by the pore-forming α-subunit encoded by KCNQ1 (Kv7.1) and ß-subunit encoded by KCNE1. Evidence suggested that IKs was regulated through protein kinase C (PKC) pathway, but the mechanism is controversial. This study was designed to identify the specific PKC isoform involved in the long-term regulation of IKs current. The IKs current was recorded using whole-cell patch-clamp technique in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293B cell co-transfected with human KCNQ1/KCNE1 genes. The results revealed that both chronic activation of Ang II and PMA reduced the IKs current in a long-term regulation (about 24 hours). Further evidence showed that PKCε knockdown by siRNA antagonized the AngII-induced chronic inhibition on the IKs current, whereas knockdown of cPKC (PKCα and PKCß) attenuated the inhibition effect of PMA on the current. Moreover, the forward transport inhibition of the channel with brefeldin A alleviated the Ang II-induced chronic inhibition on IKs current, while the channel endocytosis inhibition with dynasore alleviated both Ang II and PMA-induced chronic inhibition on IKs current. The above results showed that PKCε activation promoted the channel endocytosis and inhibited the channel forward transport to the plasma membrane, while cPKC activation only promoted the channel endocytosis, which both down regulated the channel current.

Hepcidin overexpression in astrocytes alters brain iron metabolism and protects against amyloid-ß induced brain damage in mice.

Progressive iron accumulation in the brain and iron-induced oxidative stress are considered to be one of the initial causes of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and modulation of brain iron level shows promise for its treatment. Hepcidin expressed by astrocytes has been speculated to regulate iron transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and control the whole brain iron load. Whether increasing the expression of astrocyte hepcidin can reduce brain iron level and relieve AD symptoms has yet to be studied. Here, we overexpressed hepcidin in astrocytes of the mouse brain and challenged the mice with amyloid-ß25-35 (Aß25-35) by intracerebroventricular injection. Our results revealed that hepcidin overexpression in astrocytes significantly ameliorated Aß25-35-induced cell damage in both the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. This protective role was also attested by behavioral tests of the mice. Our data further demonstrated that astrocyte-overexpressed hepcidin could decrease brain iron level, possibly by acting on ferroportin 1 (FPN1) on the brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs), which in turn reduced Aß25-35-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis, and ultimately protected cells from damage. This study provided in vivo evidences of the important role of astrocyte hepcidin in the regulation of brain iron metabolism and protection against Aß-induced cortical and hippocampal damages and implied its potential in the treatment of oxidative stress-related brain disorders.