Concentrado proteico de arroz na alimentação do jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) / Rice protein concentrate in the feeding of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen)

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a inclusão do concentrado proteico da destilação de etanol obtido de arroz (CPA) na alimentação do jundiá. Trezentos e setenta e cinco peixes foram distribuídos em sistema de recirculação de água com 15 caixas (125L). Foram testadas três dietas (37% PB e 3200kcal/kg de energia digestível), sendo uma controle e duas testando a substituição da proteína da farinha de peixe em 25% (CPA-25%) ou 50% (CPA-50%) pelo CPA. Aos 30 dias, foram avaliadas as variáveis de desempenho, composição corporal e índices somáticos. Os animais submetidos ao tratamento CPA-25% apresentaram resposta de crescimento equivalente aos que receberam o tratamento controle, mas superior aos peixes submetidos ao CPA-50%. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos para os índices somáticos avaliados. Os animais submetidos às dietas contendo CPA apresentaram maior teor de gordura corporal. Já a deposição de gordura corporal foi superior para os peixes alimentados com CPA-25%, e a deposição de proteína corporal menor para os alimentados com CPA-50%. Os resultados indicam que o CPA pode substituir em até 25% a proteína da farinha de peixe, sem comprometer o crescimento dos jundiás, tendo esse nível de substituição proporcionado, inclusive, uma redução de 8% no custo da dieta.(AU)

The objective of this work was to evaluate the inclusion of protein concentrate from the distillation of ethanol from rice (CPA) in jundia feed. A total of 375 fish were distributed in water recirculation system with 15 boxes (125L). Three diets (37% PB and 3200kcal / kg digestible energy), one control and two were to test for the replacement of fishmeal protein by 25 (CPA-25%) and 50% (CPA-50%) by CPA. At 30 days, the variables of performance, body composition and somatic indexes were evaluated. The animals submitted to the CPA-25% treatment presented a growth response equivalent to those that received the Control treatment, but superior to the fish submitted to the CPA-50%. There were no significant differences between treatments for the somatic indices evaluated. Animals submitted to diets containing CPA had higher body fat content. Body fat deposition was higher for fish fed with CPA-25% and lower body protein deposition for those fed with CPA-50%. The results indicate that CPA can substitute up to 25% fish meal protein, without compromising the growth of jundias, and this level of substitution provided an 8% reduction in diet cost.(AU)

Effect of dietary fiber concentrates on growth performance, gut morphology and hepatic metabolic intermediates in jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) / Efeito de concentrados de fibra alimentar sobre o desempenho de crescimento, morfologia intestinal e intermediários metabólicos hepáticos de jundiás (Rhamdia quelen)

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of Dietary Fiber Concentrates (DFCs) on growth performance, gut morphology, and hepatic metabolic intermediates in jundiá (Rhamdia quelen). At the end of the trial, growth and intestinal villus height was significantly (P< 0.05) higher in fish fed diets supplemented with DFCs. However, the animals in commercial prebiotic group showed higher values for this variable compared to the other treatments. Regarding the thickness of the epithelium bowel, it was greater in the Control group compared to animals supplemented with ß-glucan+mannan. Likewise, treatment with commercial prebiotic showed higher values of epithelium bowel compared to the DFCs. The fish supplemented with DFCs, had higher glycogen storage compared to the control group. These results indicate that DFCs can be considered as a beneficial dietary supplement for improving growth performance, gut morphology, and hepatic metabolic intermediates of jundiá.(AU)

O presente estudo foi conduzido para investigar o efeito de concentrados de fibras alimentares (CFAs) sobre o desempenho de crescimento, a morfologia intestinal e os parâmetros intermediários metabólicos hepáticos de jundiás (Rhamdia quelen). No final do experimento, o crescimento e a altura das vilosidades intestinais foram significativamente (P<0,05) maiores em peixes alimentados com dietas suplementadas com CFAs. No entanto, os animais suplementados com prebiótico comercial apresentaram valores mais elevados para essa variável em comparação com os outros tratamentos. Em relação à espessura do epitélio intestinal, esta foi maior nos animais do grupo controle em comparação com os animais suplementados com ß-glucano + manano. Da mesma forma, os peixes suplementados com prebiótico comercial apresentaram valores mais elevados do epitélio intestinal em comparação com os peixes suplementados com CFAs. Os peixes suplementados com CFAs obtiveram maior armazenamento de glicogênio em relação ao grupo controle. Esses resultados indicam que os CFAs podem ser utilizados como um suplemento alimentar benéfico para melhorar o desempenho do crescimento, a morfologia intestinal e os intermediários metabólicos hepáticos do jundiá.(AU)

Farelo de tungue in natura ou detoxificado na alimentação de carpa húngara (Cyprinus carpio) / In natura or detoxified tung meal in feeding Hungarian carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Este estudo avaliou a substituição parcial de farinhas de origem animal pelo farelo de tungue como fonte proteica no arraçoamento de carpa húngara. Os tratamentos compreenderam a inclusão de farelo de tungue in natura ou detoxificado (obtido após aplicação de tratamento químico ao farelo), e o tratamento referência consistiu de base proteica composta por farinha de carne e ossos suína e farinha de peixe. O período de alimentação foi de 63 dias. No decorrer de 30 dias experimentais não foi observada diferença em indicadores de crescimento entre os animais que consumiram as rações controle e com farelo de tungue tratado quimicamente, porém o consumo da ração com farelo de tungue in natura provocou redução no desempenho até o final do período experimental. Após 63 dias de arraçoamento, alguns indicadores de crescimento mostraram-se inferiores também para o tratamento que continha farelo de tungue tratado em relação ao controle. A análise bioquímica no plasma e no fígado revelou aumento de triglicerídeos, glicogênio, glicose e a utilização de outras fontes, possivelmente aminoácidos, como precursores energéticos na produção de energia quando os animais consumiram a dieta com farelo de tungue in natura em relação às demais, o que refletiu na menor concentração de proteína e na maior deposição de gordura na carcaça. Em relação à atividade de enzimas digestivas, tripsina apresentou atividade aumentada no tratamento com farelo de tungue in natura e protease ácida, quimotripsina, amilase e lipase não foram alteradas em nenhum dos tratamentos avaliados...

This study evaluated the partial replacement of animal meal by tung meal as protein source in feeding Hungarian carp. The treatments consisted of the inclusion of in natura or detoxified tung meal (obtained after chemical treatment applied to tung meal) as well as the reference treatment in which the protein basis was composed of meat and bone pork meal and fish meal. The feeding period was 63 days. During 30 experimental days no difference was observed in growth indicators among animals fed the control diet or with chemically treated tung meal, however, the consumption of diets with in natura tung meal caused reduced performance until the end of the experimental period. After 63 days of feeding, some growth indicators were also are lower for the treatment containing treated tung meal compared to control. Biochemical analysis in plasma and liver revealed increased triglycerides, glycogen, glucose and use of other sources, possibly amino acids, as precursors in the production of energy when animals consumed the diet with in nature tung meal in relation to others, which reflected in lower levels of protein and higher fat deposition in the carcass. Regarding the activity of digestive enzymes, trypsin showed increased activity in the treatment with in natura tung meal and acid protease, chymotrypsin, amylase and lipase were not changed in any of the treatments...

ZnCl2 exposure protects against behavioral and acetylcholinesterase changes induced by HgCl2.

This study examined the effects of inorganic mercury exposure on behavioral and biochemical parameters and investigated the possible preventive effects of zinc on the alterations induced by mercury. Pups were exposed from 3rd to 7th postnatal day to ZnCl2 (27 mg/kg/day, s.c.) and subsequently to HgCl2 (5 doses of 5 mg/kg/day, s.c.). Each litter contained two rats for each treatment. The rats were submitted to behavioral task and litters were killed at 13 or 33 days old for acetylcholinesterase activity assays and for the determination of metal levels. Based on the results obtained from 13-day-old rats, they were divided in two groups of litters that were defined at the end of the experimental period (33 days) as less sensitive rats to mercury and more sensitive rats to mercury in accordance with the recovery of body weight until day 33. The mercury exposure caused accumulation of this metal in cerebrum and cerebellum in all mercury treated rats, and inhibited the cerebellum acetylcholinesterase activity from 13-day-old rats. Besides, the mercury-animals of the most sensitive litters to mercury presented impairment in motor function and muscular strength verified in the beaker test, as well as a reduction of the locomotor and exploratory activities in the open field task. Zinc partially prevented all the alterations induced by mercury exposure and reduced the mercury level accumulated in cerebrum and cerebellum. This study confirms the preventive effect of zinc on behavioral alterations induced by mercury in young rats and demonstrates that the mercury behavioral effects are present even for a long time after the end of the exposure.

Percepção da qualidade de vida de indivíduos com doença de parkinson através do PDQ-39 / Perception of quality of life in individuals with Parkinson's disease using the PDQ-39

A Doença de Parkinson (DP) é uma doença crônica e degenerativa do sistema nervoso central que afeta principalmente pessoas acima de 50 anos. Estudos que avaliaram a qualidade de vida (QV) em parkinsonianos revelaram significativo impacto negativo da doença nesses indivíduos. O Parkinson Disease Questionnaire39 (PDQ-39) tem sido indicado como instrumento mais apropriado para avaliação da QV do indivíduo com DP. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a percepção da QV de indivíduos com DP do Ambulatório de Distúrbios do Movimento da Instituição, através do PDQ-39. MÉTODO: Participaram deste estudo indivíduos com diagnóstico de DP, entre os estágios 1 e 3 da escala de Hoehn & Yahr Modificada e com idade igual ou superior a 40 anos. RESULTADOS: Trinta e três indivíduos com média de idade de 64,65 (±10,44) anos e tempo médio de evolução da doença de 9,27 (±4,40) anos participaram deste estudo. A análise descritiva mostrou que a mediana do escore total no PDQ-39 foi 25 por cento, ocorrendo pior percepção da QV nas dimensões "Atividade de Vida Diária (AVD)" (41,67 por cento) e "Mobilidade" (34,32 por cento). Encontrou-se alta associação entre o escore total e a dimensão "Mobilidade" (r s= 0,82) e moderada associação das dimensões "AVD" (r s= 0,68) e "Comunicação" (r s= 0,53) com o escore total. CONCLUSÕES: As limitações motoras relacionadas à mobilidade, AVDs e comunicação possuem relação significativa com a percepção geral da QV dos indivíduos com DP. Estes achados sugerem que programas de reabilitação que tenham como objetivo a melhora da QV na DP devem enfocar tais limitações.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic degenerative disease of the central nervous system that affects mainly individuals older than 50 years of age. Studies evaluating quality of life (QOL) in individuals with PD have revealed that this disease has a significant negative impact. The Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39) has been indicated as one of the most appropriate instrument for evaluating QOL in individuals with PD. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the perception of QOL in individuals with PD at our Institution's outpatient service for movement disorders, using the PDQ-39. METHOD: Individuals with a diagnosis of PD who were aged 40 years and older and classified in stages 1 to 3 of the Modified Hoehn & Yahr scale were included in this study. RESULTS: Thirty-three individuals of mean age 64.65 ± 10.44 years and mean duration of the disease of 9.27 ± 4.40 years participated in this study. The descriptive analysis showed that the median total score in the PDQ-39 was 25 percent, with worst perceptions of QOL in the dimensions of "Activities of Daily Living" (ADL) (41.67 percent) and "Mobility" (34.32 percent). A high association was found between the total score and the dimension of "Mobility" (r s= 0.82) and a moderate association between the total score and the dimensions of "ADL" (r s= 0.68) and "Communication" (r s = 0.53). CONCLUSIONS: Motor limitations relating to mobility, ADL and communication were significantly related to the general perception of QOL among individuals with PD. These findings suggest that rehabilitation programs aiming to improve QOL among individuals with PD should focus on these limitations.

Patterned electromyographic activity in the sit-to-stand movement.

OBJECTIVES: Postural activity is an essential part of any voluntary movement. In movements involving all body parts such as in the sit-to-stand maneuver (STS), postural activity becomes intermingled with the activity required to perform the actual movement, and is usually difficult to recognize. METHODS: In this paper, we have analyzed the electromyographic activity of muscles of the leg, thigh, trunk and neck in 20 healthy volunteers who performed the STS maneuver. In order to identify the postural and the executional EMG activity, subjects were requested to perform the movement according to 6 predefined experimental conditions. Our hypothesis was that changing the conditions or the strategies of the movement would modify the postural activity, without significantly altering the EMG pattern required for performing the movement itself. RESULTS: Tibialis anterior (TA), abdominal (ABD) and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) were the muscles activated first in the most natural condition for the movement (reference), but their activity and that of the trapezius (TRA) was suppressed or greatly diminished in other conditions. Conversely, lumbar paraspinal (LPS), quadriceps (QUA), and hamstrings (HMS) were activated in a patterned sequence that was invariable in all conditions, and time locked to the moment of take-off from the seat. The soleus (SOL) was the last muscle activated and, together with QUA and HMS, remained active during standing. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that TA, SOL, ABD, SCM and TRA are involved in preparatory and accompanying postural movements, while LPS, QUA, and HMS are activated in a consistent patterned sequence and can be considered the executional muscles for the STS movement. Recognition of the role of each muscle in the STS movement can contribute to a better understanding of the movement deficits of certain patients, and help to devise adaptive motor strategies in neurorehabilitation.