A randomized-controlled trial assessing the effect of intraoperative acupuncture on anesthesia-related parameters during gynecological oncology surgery.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES: The present study examined the impact of intraoperative acupuncture on anesthesia-related parameters in patients undergoing gynecological oncology surgery. METHODS: Participants underwent preoperative integrative oncology (IO) touch/relaxation treatments, followed by intraoperative acupuncture (Group A); preoperative IO treatments without acupuncture (Group B); or standard care only (Group C). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), MAP variability (mean of MAP standard deviation), bispectral index (BIS), and calculated blood pressure Average Real Variability (ARV) were measured intraoperatively. RESULTS: A total of 91 patients participated: Group A, 41; Group B, 24; Group C, 26. Among patients undergoing open laparotomy, Group A showed lower and more stable MAP and HR compared to Group B, (MAP, p = 0.026; HR, p = 0.029) and Group C (MAP, p = 0.025). Mean BIS, from incision to suture closing, was lower in Group A (vs. controls, p = 0.024). In patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery, MAP was elevated within Group A (p = 0.026) throughout surgery, with MAP variability significantly higher in Group A (P = 0.023) and Group B (P = 0.013) 10 min post-incision (vs. pre-incision). All groups showed similar intraoperative and post-anesthesia use of analgesic medication. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative acupuncture was shown to reduce and stabilize MAP and HR, and reduce BIS in gynecology oncology patients undergoing laparotomy, with no impact on perioperative analgesic medication use. In the laparoscopic setting, intraoperative acupuncture was associated with elevated MAP. Further research is needed to explore the hemodynamic and BIS-associated benefits and risks of intraoperative acupuncture, and the impact on the use of analgesic drugs in response to these changes.

Can coadministration of oxycodone and morphine produce analgesic synergy in humans? An experimental cold pain study.

AIMS: The coadministration of subantinociceptive doses of oxycodone with morphine has recently been shown to result in a synergistic antinociceptive effect in rats. The present study was aimed to investigate the possibility that coadministration of morphine and oxycodone can produce a similar synergistic effect in humans exposed to an experimental model of cold pressor test (CPT). METHODS: The enriched enrollment design was used to exclude 'stoic' and 'placebo responders' in a single-blind fashion. 'Nonstoic', placebo 'nonresponder' female volunteers (n = 30) were randomly assigned to receive 0.5 mg kg(-1) oral morphine sulphate, 0.5 mg kg(-1) oral oxycodone hydrochloride, and the combination of 0.25 mg kg(-1) morphine sulphate with 0.25 mg kg(-1) oxycodone hydrochloride, 1 week apart from each other, in a double-blind crossover design. Latency to pain onset (threshold), pain intensity (VAS), and pain tolerance (time until removal of the hand from the water) were measured six times over a 3-h period, subsequent to the administration of each medication, and were used to assess their antinociceptive effect. RESULTS: The combination produced a significantly higher effect on latency to pain onset than that of morphine alone [difference in mean postbaseline value 2.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.48, 3.9; P = 0.01] but the effect was nonsignificantly smaller that that of oxycodone alone. Similarly, the effect of the combination on pain tolerance was significantly larger than that of morphine alone (combination difference 8.4; 95% CI 2.5, 14.3; P = 0.007), whereas oxycodone alone caused a nonsignificantly larger effect than that of the combination treatment. Comparisons of pain magnitude failed to show any significant differences between the three treatments. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that at the doses tested, morphine and oxycodone do not produce synergistic antinociceptive effects in healthy humans exposed to the CPT.