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1.
Diabetes Metab ; 45(2): 122-131, 2019 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30266575

RESUMO

AIM: To study the effects of a functional food-based dietary intervention on faecal microbiota and biochemical parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study included 81 patients with T2D divided into two 3-month treatment groups: one following a reduced-energy diet with a dietary portfolio (DP) comprising high-fibre, polyphenol-rich and vegetable-protein functional foods; the other taking a placebo (P). The primary outcome was the effect of the DP on faecal microbiota. Secondary endpoints were biochemical parameters, lipopolysaccharide, branched-chain amino acids, trimethylamine N-oxide, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and free fatty acids (FFAs). RESULTS: Patients with T2D exhibited intestinal dysbiosis characterized by an increase in Prevotella copri. Dietary intervention with functional foods significantly modified faecal microbiota compared with P by increasing alpha diversity and modifying the abundance of specific bacteria, independently of antidiabetic drugs. There was a decrease in P. copri and increases in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Akkermansia muciniphila, two bacterial species known to have anti-inflammatory effects. The DP group also exhibited significant reductions in areas under the curve for glucose, total and LDL cholesterol, FFAs, HbA1c (P< 0.05), triglycerides and CRP, and an increase in antioxidant activity (P< 0.01) vs. the P group. CONCLUSION: Long-term adherence to a high-fibre, polyphenol-enriched and vegetable-protein-based diet provides benefits for the composition of faecal microbiota, and may offer potential therapies for improvement of glycaemic control, dyslipidaemia and inflammation.


Assuntos
Complicações do Diabetes/prevenção & controle , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/dietoterapia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/microbiologia , Endotoxemia/prevenção & controle , Alimento Funcional , Microbiota/fisiologia , Adulto , Biomarcadores/análise , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Complicações do Diabetes/metabolismo , Complicações do Diabetes/microbiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Método Duplo-Cego , Endotoxemia/metabolismo , Fezes/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
2.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis ; 28(4): 393-401, 2018 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29422298

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: An increase in plasma branched-chain amino acids is associated with a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about the basal plasma amino acid concentrations in young adults. Our aim was to determine the plasma amino acid profiles of young adults and to evaluate how these profiles were modified by sex, body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance (IR). METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a transversal study with 608 Mexican young adults aged 19.9 ± 2.4 years who were applicants to the Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. The subjects underwent a physical examination and provided a clinical history and a blood sample for biochemical, hormonal and amino acid analyses. The women had higher levels of arginine, aspartate and serine and lower levels of α-aminoadipic acid, cysteine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, proline, tryptophan, tyrosine, urea and valine than the men. The obese subjects had higher levels of alanine, aspartate, cysteine, ornithine, phenylalanine, proline and tyrosine and lower levels of glycine, ornithine and serine than the normal weight subjects. Subjects with IR (defined as HOMA > 2.5) had higher levels of arginine, alanine, aspartate, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, proline, tyrosine, taurine and valine than the subjects without IR. Furthermore, we identified two main groups in the subjects with obesity and/or IR; one group was composed of amino acids that positively correlated with the clinical, biochemical and hormonal parameters, whereas the second group exhibited negative correlations. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that young adults with obesity or IR have altered amino acid profiles characterized by an increase in alanine, aspartate, proline and tyrosine and a decrease in glycine.


Assuntos
Aminoácidos/sangue , Índice de Massa Corporal , Resistência à Insulina , Obesidade Infantil/sangue , Adolescente , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Estado Nutricional , Obesidade Infantil/diagnóstico , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Obesidade Infantil/fisiopatologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto Jovem
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