[Non-suicidal self-injurious behavior in conduct disorders and schizotypal disorder]. / Nesuitsidnye samopovrezhdeniya pri rasstroistvakh povedeniya i shizotipicheskom rasstroistve.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the methods and motives of non-suicidal self-injurious behavior (NSIB) in conduct disorders and schizotypal disorder. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The main group consisted of 91 patients (77.8%), aged 13-24 years, with behavioral disorders and NSIB, who completed questionnaires using the self-harm statements questionnaire. The younger subgroup consisted of 54 patients under the age of 18 with a diagnosis of «Behavior Disorders¼ (ICD-10 F91), the older subgroup included 37 patients aged 18 years or more with a diagnosis of Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder (F60.3). The comparison group consisted of 100 patients, aged 13-41 years with a diagnosis of schizotypal disorder (F21) and NSIB. We used clinical-psychopathological, standardized and statistical methods. RESULTS: Significant differences were revealed in the sexual preference for NSIB (p=0.0001), a number of leading types of NSIB, and the absence of differences in the motives of self-injurious behavior in patients of the compared groups. In the comparison group, cuts and cauterization prevailed as the leading type of NSIB, in patients with behavioral disorders prevailed obstacles to wound healing, which is hypothetically associated with the influence of obsessive psychopathological mechanisms, since pathological excoriation has the same nature as obsessive-compulsive disorder and is included with it in the same DSM-5 category. The impulsive subtype of NSIB observed in this situation usually arises due to an increasing sense of tension and is associated with the motive of intrapersonal self-regulation. CONCLUSION: The study showed that the difference between the compared nosological groups according to the methods and motives of self-harming actions is determined not so much by intergroup differences as by sex and age patterns within each of the compared groups. This allows us to talk about the proximity of the mechanisms of self-harm in various mental disorders, and the phenomenon of NSIB itself should be considered rather as a nosologically nonspecific psychopathological phenomenon.

[Non-suicidal self-injurious behavior in adolescents]. / Nesuitsidnoe samopovrezhdayushchee povedenie u podrostkov.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the motives of non-suicidal self-injurious behavior (NSSI) in terms of nosological affiliation, gender and age group. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety-one patients, 80 women and 11 men, aged 13-24 years old, who independently applied to the SPbSPMU consulting center, were selected. The patients were examined clinically as well as using the Russian-language adapted version of the Inventory of Statements about Self-injury. The younger subgroup consisted of 54 people under the age of 18, another group of age above 18 numbered 37 participants. At the preliminary stage, patients with schizophrenia, organic mental disorders, etc were excluded. Based on the clinical and psychopathological assessment, 3 clinical groups were identified. The first group (n=50) consisted of patients under 18 years old with different subtypes of pubertal behavioral disorders (ICD-10 F91) and patients with emotionally unstable personality disorder (F60.3). The second group is represented by patients with mild or moderate depressive episodes (F32). The third group included patients with various eating disorders. RESULTS: The selected groups did not differ by the age of patients, the age of onset of self-injurious behavior and its duration. There were also no differences in the leading types of NSSI depending on gender, age subgroup, or clinical diagnosis, which confirms the currently prevailing view on NSSI as a transnosological phenomenon. The motives of NSSI also did not differ depending on the nosological form. Gender and age differences in the motives of NSSI were revealed. In male patients, the motive of «sensations seeking¼ (p=0.037) and «peer-bonding¼ (p=0.036) significantly prevailed. In the younger age subgroup, the motives of «self-punishment¼ (p=0.032) and «peer-bonding¼ (p=0.026) prevail. CONCLUSIONS: The nosological non-specificity of NSSI, which is manifested in the similarity of the age of onset, duration, types of NSSI and motives for committing them in different disorders, allows us to consider this phenomenon as a separate dimensional characteristic of a mental illness, more dependent on internal patterns, gender and age characteristics than on its nosological affiliation.

[Clinical and psychological features of people with internet dependence: experience of a pilot study]. / Kliniko-psikhopatologicheskie osobennosti lits s internet-zavisimost'yu: opyt pilotnogo issledovaniya.

OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of Internet addiction (IA) is growing steadily, especially among the younger generation. The purpose of this multicenter study was to investigate the socio-demographic characteristics, clinical varieties, and profile of psychopathological symptoms of mental disorders in patients with IA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 2 groups: the main group consisted of 44 people, aged 16 to 34 years, average age 22.00±0.66 years, 33 (75%) men, 11 (25%) women; the control group included 120 people, aged 19 to 30 years, average age 23.13±0.18 years, 90 (74.3%) men, 30 (26.7%) women. Groups were identified at the testing stage based on the total score on the Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS). The main group included individuals who scored CIAS 65 points or higher. The specially developed Unified Study Card, The Mini international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Beck Depression Questionnaire (BDI), the Prodromal Questionnaire-16 (PQ-16), the Symptom Checklist-90-Questionnaire Revised (SCL-90-R). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were more people with secondary specialized education and unemployed in the main group. The family burden of addiction and psychiatric disorders did not differ in both groups, and the heredity of somatic diseases was lower in the IA group. In the IA group, a psychiatric diagnosis was made 9 times more often. The severity of affective and anxiety disorders was higher in the IA group, while the risk of psychosis was low that allows considering the symptoms of IA outside the framework of subpsychotic mental disorders. The features of the psychopathological symptoms of IA were: total «tension¼ of the psychopathological profile; a relatively uniform and slightly specific profile of psychopathological symptoms with a certain tendency to the prevalence of personality-related stress manifestations.