Ear effect and gender difference of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in children with auditory processing disorder.

Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) are found in most healthy ears, and can be used to measure the health of the cochlear structures and feedback mechanism. According to existing literature, right ears tend to exhibit greater numbers of SOAEs than left ears (Bilger et al., 1990) and females tend to show higher incidence of SOAEs than males (Moulin et al., 1993). The SOAE prevalence has not been extensively studied in children with Auditory Processing Disorder (APD), a disorder with unknown etiology that reduces one's ability to process auditory information. This study examined the prevalence and ear advantage of SOAEs between genders in children diagnosed with APD. SOAEs were investigated in 19 children (7 girls and 12 boys) with APD and 2 4 typically developing children (14 girls and 10 boys) aged 7-12. Right ear advantage was more prevalent in control (71%) than APD subjects (42 %). However, over 30% more females exhibited a right ear advantage than males in each group. Although the results are not significant, our findings indicate that the lack of right ear advantage for SOAE is more prevalent in children with APD, particularly in males, suggesting that cochlear mechanisms or their control might be somehow affected in APD.

Effect of selenium-vitamin E on hematologic alterations of adriamycin toxicosis in young pigs.

In 3 experiments, 45 castrated male weanling pigs (4 to 6 weeks old) were used to determine the hematologic alterations induced by adriamycin (ADR) given IV at 0.64, 1.6, or 3.2 mg/kg of body weight/week. The effect of selenium-vitamin E (Se-E) supplements on ADR toxicosis was evaluated. Mortality, decreased survival time, growth depression, leukopenia, and anemia were dose related in ADR-treated pigs. At 0.64 mg of ADR/kg/week for 16 weeks, important clinical or hematologic alterations did not develop. At 1.6 mg of ADR/kg/week for 13 weeks, mortality was 100%, mean survival time ws 65.7 days (min-max, 49 to 92 days), and moderate growth depression and marked leukopenia and anemia were present from weeks 7 to 13. At 3.2 mg of ADR/kg/week for 4 weeks, mortality was 100% and mean survival time was 22.0 days (min-max, 18 to 26 days); marked growth depression, leukopenia, and mild anemia developed (week 4). Cytologic study of smears of bone marrow from pigs that died of ADR toxicosis (3.2 mg/kg/week) revealed marked hypoplasia and evidence of decreased production and increased destruction of erythroid and myeloid cells. Beneficial effect of Se-E supplementation against ADR toxicosis was seen only in the pigs given 1.6 mg/kg/week, where prolonged survival and delayed onset of leukopenia and anemia was observed.

Pathologic features of adriamycin toxicosis in young pigs: nonskeletal lesions.

In ten experiments, 53 castrated male 4- to 8-week-old weanling pigs were given adriamycin (ADR) IV at mean dosages of 0.64, 1.0, 1.6, 3.2, or 6.4 mg/kg/week at various frequencies for up to 20 weeks. Mortalities in pigs given these dosages were 0% after 112 days, 100% after 134 days (survival time was 48 to 134 days), 91% after 75 days (survival time was 5 to 75 days), 100% after 28 days (survival time was 23 to 28 days), and 100% after 14 days (survival time was 10 to 14 days), respectively. Survival time was prolonged in younger pigs and in pigs given smaller but more frequent dosages of ADR. Characteristic gross and histopathologic alterations of ADR toxicosis were observed in pigs given 1.0, 1.6, 3.2, or 6.4 mg/kg/week mean dosages. The most frequent lesions were in the alimentary tract, myeloid and lymphoid tissues, skin, and perivascular tissues at injection sites. Alimentary tract lesions were mucosal epithelial atrophy, with secondary fibrinonecrotic inflammation in the oral cavity and large intestine. Marked hypoplasia was seen in bone marrow and lymphoid tissues, with frequent terminal hemorrhagic diathesis and septicemia. Several days before death, the pigs developed severe dermatitis over the ventral portion of the abdomen and inner surfaces of the limbs. Perivascular necrosis and cellulitis produced by extravasation of ADR was a frequent complication of treatment. Terminal severe acute pneumonia occurred in most pigs. Pericarditis or cardiomyopathy (or both) developed in 14 pigs, given 0.64, 1.0, or 1.6 mg/kg each week (mean cumulative dosage 520.5 mg/m2 of body surface). Characteristic histopathologic and ultrastructural alterations in affected cardiac muscle cells were vacuolar degeneration, myocytolysis, and hyaline necrosis. Nephrotoxicosis also was in pigs with chronic ADR toxicosis. Systemic antibiotic treatment did not prolong survival of ADR-treated pigs in two experiments, but did in one other experiment.