RESUMO
Analysis of atypical meningococci from invasive disease that either (i) did not produce acid from maltose and glucose or (ii) were gamma-glutamyl peptidase test negative for porA and porB DNA variable region (VR) type, multilocus sequence type, and for presence of capsule transport gene ctrA, conclusively demonstrated that these are Neisseria meningitidis.
Assuntos
Glucose/metabolismo , Maltose/metabolismo , Meningite Meningocócica/diagnóstico , Neisseria meningitidis/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Sorotipagem , gama-Glutamiltransferase/metabolismo , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Humanos , Região Variável de Imunoglobulina , Meningite Meningocócica/microbiologia , Neisseria meningitidis/genética , Neisseria meningitidis/metabolismo , Porinas/classificação , Porinas/genéticaRESUMO
Outbreaks of shigellosis in child care are not commonly reported in Australia, however Shigella bacteria can easily spread in these settings. We report an outbreak of shigellosis in a child care centre and discuss the control measures implemented. This investigation identified 20 confirmed cases of Shigella sonnei biotype g and a further 47 probable cases in children and staff who attended a child care centre, and their household contacts. The investigation highlighted the importance of stringent control measures and protocols for dealing with outbreaks of Shigella and other enteric infections in the child care setting, and the importance of prompt notification by both doctors and child care centres, of suspected outbreaks.
Assuntos
Creches , Surtos de Doenças , Disenteria Bacilar/epidemiologia , Shigella sonnei/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Disenteria Bacilar/diagnóstico , Feminino , Contaminação de Alimentos , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Humanos , Incidência , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição de Risco , Saneamento/normas , Saneamento/tendências , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Distribuição por Sexo , Vitória/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Notifications of gonorrhoea in Victoria increased suddenly in the late 1990s, from an average of 375 cases per year from 1993 to 1997, to over 700 cases in 2000. This paper describes the susceptibility to ciprofloxacin of isolates of N. gonorrhoeae in Victoria from 1998 to 2001, and relates these to the reported epidemiologic characteristics of the cases. The proportion of all isolates of N. gonorrhoeae that was resistant to ciprofloxacin rose from 3 per cent in 1998 to 11 per cent in 2001. Among homosexual and bisexual men, resistant isolates remained rare (< 1 per cent). Among heterosexual men and women whose infection was acquired overseas, the proportion of resistant isolates increased from 14 per cent to 51 per cent. Among heterosexual men and women whose infection was acquired in Australia, the proportion of resistant isolates increased from 6 per cent to 14 per cent, and disproportionately involved persons born overseas. Patterns of antibiotic resistance are intimately linked to epidemiological characteristics of cases. Clinical treatment and public health and control strategies for resurgent sexually transmitted infections benefit from the insights of collaborative microbiological and epidemiological surveillance.
