[Development of a diagnostic test system for early non-invasive detection of prostate cancer based on PCA3 mRNA levels in urine sediment using quantitative reverse tanscription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR)].

The wide introduction of prostatic specific antigen (PSA) determination into clinical practice has resulted in a larger number of prostate biopsies, while the lower age threshold for PSA has led to a larger number of unnecessary prostate biopsies. Hence, there is a need for new biomarkers that can detect prostate cancer. PCA3 is a noncoding messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) that is expressed exclusively in prostate cells. The aim of the study has been to develop a diagnostic test system for early non-invasive detection of prostate cancer based on PCA3 mRNA levels in urine sediment using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). As part of the study, a laboratory diagnostic test system prototype has been designed, an application methodology has been developed and specificity and sensitivity data of the method has been assessed. The diagnostic system has demonstrated its ability to detect significantly elevated levels of PCA 3/KLK 3 in samples from prostate cancer (PCa) patients compared with those from healthy men. The findings have shown relatively high diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and negative-predictive values for an early non-invasive screening of prostate cancer

[Results of open multicenter study of the safety of doxazosin in combination with indigal in men with stages I-II prostatic adenoma].

The article presents a method of conservative treatment of men with I-II stage prostatic adenoma using a combination of doxazosin and indigal, which has antioxidant, antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory properties, that allowed improving urodynamic parameters and reducing the progression prostate adenoma, minimizing the adverse effects of treatment.

[Afala in the treatment of patients with BPH: efficacy and safety].

The double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial involving 94 patients has evaluated the efficacy and safety of domestic preparation afala in patients with symptoms of I-II stages benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It was shown that a 6-month course of treatment with afala at a dose of 2 tablets 4 times a day resulted in a significant reduction in the severity of urinary disorders, estimated by total IPSS score, relative to baseline values and compared to placebo therapy. The most pronounced therapeutic effects of the drug were registered in respect of irritative symptoms of BPH. According uroflowmetry, peak flow rate after 6 months of treatment was increased by more than 50%. Significant clinical benefit persisted not only within the 6-month course of therapy, but 3 months after. Long-term therapy had no effect on the concentration of total, free and complex PSA, testosterone (total and free), dihydrotestosterone, and prolactin in the blood. Absence of adverse effects, biochemical abnormalities, changes in clinical blood and urine confirmed the safety of 6-month therapy.

[Comparative value of molecular forms of prostate-specific antigen in diagnosis of prostatic cancer].

The aim of the study was to compare diagnostic significance of free PSA (fPSA)/total PSA (tPSA) versus PSA complex with alpha1-antichymotrypsin (cPSA) in tPSA level within 4-10 ng/ml in differential diagnosis of prostatic cancer (PC). A complete urological examination (digital rectal test, transrectal ultrasound investigation, serum assay for fPSA and tPSA, multifocal transperineal prostatic biopsy) was made in 108 patients with tPSA blood level 4-10 ng/ ml. Prostatic adenoma (PA) was histologically verified in 61 of 108 patients, fPSA/tPSA was normal. In the other 39 of 108 patients fPSA/tPSA was under 15% while cPSA was in the range 3.8-9.6 ng/ml. A course of etiotropic therapy of chronic prostatic inflammation produced no significant changes in fPSA/tPSA and cPSA in 28 out of 39 patients. Histologically, these 28 patients had PC. In the rest 11 of 39 patients chronic prostatitis treatment fPSA/tPSA significantly rose to 18.2%, on the average. CPSA decreased to 2.4 ng/ml. These 11 patients were found histologically to have PA and signs of chronic inflammation. In 8 of 108 patients fPSA/tPSA was not indicative of PC being 18,2% on the average while cPSA indicated the presence of PC and was 4.2 ng.ml, on the average. PC was verified histologically in these 8 patients. Thus, cPSA in PC suspects is more informative than fPSA/tPSA in PC diagnosis. CPSA in the serum depends on prostatic inflammation making difficult differential diagnosis of PC in interpretation of tPSA, fPSA/tPSA and cPSA. Therefore, estimation of PSA variants and molecular forms in PC suspects and prostatic inflammation should be made after etiotropic therapy.

[Diagnostic and prognostic value of quantitative monitoring of prostate specific antigen in blood serum and urine from patients with prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy]. / Diagnosticheskaia i prognositcheskaia tsennost' kolichestvennogo monitoringa prostaticheskogo spetsificheskogo antigena v syvorotke krovi i moche bol'nykh rakom predstatel'noi zhelezy posle radikal'noi prostatéktomii.

AIM: To study values of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood serum and urine before and after massage of the prostatic bed in patients with prostatic cancer (PC) after radical prostatectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Changes in serum and urine PSA concentrations were followed up in 17 patients with PC (T2-3N0M0) 14 months (4-24 mon) after radical prostatectomy. Control examinations were made once a month. MRT or CT and osteoscintigraphy were made in suspected recurrence and/or metastases of PC. RESULTS: There were no changes in PSA consentrations in the serum and urine before and after the massage of prostatic bed in 10 of 17 patients. In 3 patients PSA concentrations in blood and serum increased after the massage, in one of them blood levels of PSA after the massage went up 5 months after PSA increase in the urine. In 4 of 17 patients urine PSA levels increased after the massage, the blood levels remaining the same. CONCLUSION: Follow-up measurements of blood and urinary levels in PC patients after radical prostatectomy before and following massage of the prostatic bed allow detection of prostatic PSA-positive cells which were not removed at surgery. We suggest that these cells may be the basis of recurrent disease.

[Prostate-specific membrane antigen and its role in diagnosis of prostate cancer]. / Prostaticheskii spetsificheskii membrannyi antigen i ego rol' v diagnostike raka predstatel'noi zhelezy.

This paper reviews recent achievements of the employment of prostate specific membrane antigen in the diagnostics of prostate cancer.

[Effects of chronic bacterial prostatitis on changes in concentration and free and total prostatic specific antigen in the serum and urine from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic cancer]. / Vliianie khronicheskogo bakterial'nogo prostatita na dinamiku kontsentratsii svobodnogo i obshchego prostaticheskogo spetsificheskogo antigena v syvorotke krovi i moche u bol'nykh s dobrokachestvennoi giperplaziei i rakov prostaty.

A comprehensive urological examination was performed in 145 men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Concentrations of total prostatic specific antigen (TPSA) suggested prostatic cancer (PC) in 38 patients while finger rectal examination and transrectal ultrasonic investigation gave no evidence for this diagnosis. All the patients have symptoms of chronic prostatitis (CP). All the patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis have undergone a course of antibacterial treatment after which the levels of TPSA and free prostatic specific antigen (FPSA) were evaluated. A polyposition biopsy of the prostate was also made. By its results two groups of patients were formed: 20 patients with BPH and CP (group 1) and 12 patients with CP and PC or prostatic ultraepithelial neoplasia. Low blood concentrations of TPSA high FPSA/TPSA, low urinary concentrations of TPSA and FPSA were registered after antibacterial and antiinflammatory treatment of CP combined with BPH. It is inferred that chronic bacterial prostatitis has a significant effect on PSA expression in BPH. This fact should be considered in interpretation of PSA values.

[Myelin basic protein. Structure, properties, function and role in diagnosing demyelinating diseases]. / Osnovnoi belok mielina. Stroenie, svoistvia, funktsii, rol' v diagnostike demieliniziruiushchikh zabolevanii

Physico-chemical properties and biological role of myelin basic protein (MBP)--one of the main myelin membrane proteins are reviewed. The data on MBP phosphorylation, methylation, fatty acid acylation and on interaction with lipid molecules in the human and animals bodies are presented. Much attention has been paid to the discussion of the diagnostic and clinical significance of the MBP, as the marker of demyelinating process in the central and peripheral nervous system.

[Changes in the levels of prostate-specific antigen and its molecular forms with alpha 1-antichymotrypsin in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia]. / Dinamika urovnei prostaticheskogo spetsificheskogo antigena i ego molekuliarnoi formy s alfa 1-antikhimotripsinom u bol'nykh dobrokachestvennoi giperplaziei prostaty.

Analysis of the changes in the levels of total prostatic specific antigen (t-PSA) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) shows that the patient's age, size of the prostatic gland and chronic bacterial prostatitis influence the levels of t-PSA but have no effect on the levels of PSA-ACT. The relationship between the levels of t-PSA and age in BPH patients is explained by growing mass of benign hyperplasia causing mechanical load on the intact prostatic tissue. The maximal concentration of t-PSA of 8.7 +/- 1.22 ng/ml was observed in BPH patients at the age of 61-70 years. BPH stages, chronic pyelonephritis, chronic non-bacterial prostatitis, chronic renal failure are not essential for t-PSA and PSA-ACT and can be neglected in interpretation of t-PSA values in BPH patients.

[The use of serpens for treating patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia]. / Primenenie serpensa dlia lecheniia bol'nykh s dobrokachestvennoi giperplaziei predstatel'noi zhelezy.

320 mg of serpense was given daily to 24 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) for 2 months. Control check-ups were performed each 30 days. The effect was judged by the patient's condition (I-PSS), quality of life, residual urine, the gland size, urodynamic picture and level of prostatic specific antigen (PSA). The response of BPH to serpense was noticeable, especially at the first stage of the disease (66.7%). Reduced serum PSA in serpense-treated patients may be explained by peripheral selective inhibition of 5 alpha-reductase or, rather, by anti-inflammatory action of the drug. Antidropsical and antiinflammatory actions of serpense suggest its possible efficacy in chronic prostatitis.