[The results of universal audiological screening of newborn infants in the Astrakhan region]. / Rezul'taty universal'nogo audiologicheskogo skrininga novorozhdennykh v Astrakhanskoi oblasti.

We have evaluated the results of universal audiological screening of 93 352 newborn infants performed in the Astrakhan region of the Russian Federation during the period from 2009 till 2015. The screening coverage amounted to 95%. The prevalence of hearing disorders was estimated at 1:1111 and that of their severe forms at 1:3000. The clinical significance of the examination during its first stage consists of the exclusion of evoked otoacoustic emission. After the completion of the second stage, it is necessary to carry out the regular medical follow up observation of the children suffering from hearing impairment and to undertake the early rehabilitative treatment based on the application of hearing aids and prosthetic devices. Sensorineural hearing loss was found to be the predominant form of hearing disorders in the children during the first year of life (80%). The impairment of hearing was documented in 22.3% of the premature children which suggests the necessity of long-term monitoring of evoked otoacoustic emission in these patients.

[Lactobacillus plantarum and phosprenyl competitively distinguish ovalbumin oligomannoside n-glycan].

AIM: Demonstration of the ability of native products of lactobacteria to bind mannose containing N-glycans as a display of one of the mechanisms of probiotic behavior of these symbiont microorganism in gastrointestinal tract (GIT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lactobacillus plantarum 30 grown on selective medium (MRS-agar) and their ultrasound lysates were used in the study. Standard technique of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction was used with inactivated Listeria monocytogenes culture as a priming agent. RESULTS: DTH reaction in vivo has demonstrated that oligomannoside N-glycan of egg albumin is a general acceptor for adhesins that are present in the native preparations of certain L. plantarum strains, as well as for phosprenyl (PHP) immunomodulator--an inhibitor of cell IL-2 reception. CONCLUSION: The data obtained give evidence that mannose specific adhesins that are conserved in lactobacteria preparations have the same binding sites in egg albumin as PHP and, therefore, IL-2.

[Outcomes of treatment in new cases of infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis, prediction of the risk for its relapse].

Infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis has been a major form in the structure of respiratory tuberculosis morbidity for many years. The present investigation has provided the data suggesting the preservation of tuberculous activity within 3 years after completion of an adequate basic course of therapy--complete resolution of specific changes in almost every three patients and a two-fold reduction in the proportion of major residual posttuberculous changes. Prognostic criteria for the progression of a tuberculous process and for the formation of major residual changes were established, which were used to develop an algorithm for determining the individual degree of a relapse risk in each cured patient, which made it possible to optimize the periods of a follow-up.

[Biological properties of heat-labile lethal toxin of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis].

The aim of the study was to assess the biological properties of heat-labile lethal protein toxin of Y. pseudotuberculosis. Toxin was extracted from Y. pseudotuberculosis strain 2517 type III serovar pYV-. The toxin killed mice 1-3 days after intraperitoneal administration (LD50=0.3 mcg of the protein). Heating at 56 degrees C during 30 min inactivated lethal activity of the toxin. It had a dose-dependent dermonecrotic effect during intracutaneous administration in rabbits. Hyperimmune rabbit serum to the toxin was obtained. Incubation of the toxin (LD100=1.2 mcg of the protein) with the serum at 37 degrees C during 30 min resulted in neutralization of lethal and dermonecrotic effects. The toxin did not have the cytotoxic effect on HeLa, Hep-2, and SPEV cells, but showed hemolytic activity to human and animal erythrocytes, and weak mitogenic activity to splenic cells of CBA line mice compared with control mitogen (concanavalin A).

[Influence of bacteria of Lactobaccilus genera on cytotoxic activity of splenocytes in experimental animals].

Influence of lactobacilli on cytotoxic activity of splenocytes from mice of CBA line was studied in vivo and in vitro (after cultivation of splenocytes with chloroform-killed bacteria, homologous lysates obtained by ultrasound, and with native filtrates). Data on increase of splenocytes cytotoxic functions induced by lactobacilli has been obtained. Mechanisms of lactobacilli-mediated activation of cellular factors of antitumor immunity (cytotoxic lymphocytes and natural killers) were discussed. Information on the ability of cell wall components, cytoplasmic fractions, and substances secreted by lactobacilli to stimulate the immune response of a microorganism is presented.

[Non-medication treatment of headache in children with obesity].

Eighty-eight children with obesity including 30 with exogenous-constitutional obesity (ECO) and 58 with hypothalamic obesity (HO) were studied. Using a clinico-instrumental method, we found that the headache was caused by the dysfunction of autonomous nervous system in children with ECO while disturbances of intracranial hemodynamics, changes of the cerebral functional state and autonomous nervous system as well as hypertension were mostly observed in children with HO. The authors suggest treating headache using bitemporal transcranial magnetic therapy that decreases the intensity and frequency of headache in 89% of children regardless of obesity form and causes of cephalgia.

[Infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis under the conditions of a large industrial center of Siberia].

Among the patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis, there was a rise in the proportion of patients aged 40 years or older, the unemployed, and individuals with aggravating social risk factors in the study period (2000-2001 and 1990). There was also an increase in the proportion of disseminated processes, cavity decay (2 cm or more in diameter), and massive bacterial isolation. The clinical manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis were pronounced. Disseminated and destructive processes were more frequently detected among the patients having social risk factors, examined in the given period.

[Composition and morphological characteristics of deaths from tuberculosis]. / Sostav i morfologicheskaia kharakteristika letal'nykh iskhodov ot tuberkuleza.

Two hundred and forty eighty deaths from pulmonary tuberculosis were analyzed in adults. The most frequent cause of deaths was progressive tuberculosis, mainly as caseous pneumonia (60.9%) and the less frequent one was a multicavernous process with bronchogenic (28%) and hematogenic (15%) dissemination. The high incidence of specific intrathoracic lymph nodal lesions, which has increased from 10.8% in 1994-1995 to 30.4% in 1997-1999, and a larger number of hematogenic dissemination from 6.7 to 25.6%, respectively, are noteworthy. Progressive tuberculosis was most commonly favoured by the patients' inadequate attitude towards their health: delayed visits to a doctor when they have symptoms of the disease, the absence of fluorographic examinations, treatment errors due to their incompliance.

[Somatic diseases as cause of death of patients with active tuberculosis]. / Somaticheskie zabolevaniia kak prichina smerti bol'nykh aktivnym tuberkulezom.

Two hundred and fifteen case histories were studied to clarify causes of death in patients with active tuberculosis who had died from it. Males accounted for the largest proportion (86%) (n = 185). Patients above 50 years were 63.3% (n = 136). Two thirds were patients with restrictive tuberculosis without destruction and bacterial isolation. A hundred and fifty (70%) and 30% patients died from somatic diseases and other causes (sequels to alcohol abuse, violent death, suicide, etc.), respectively. Of the somatic diseases, cardiovascular diseases head the list, cancer ranks next to it, nonspecific respiratory diseases occupy the third place.

[The potentials for the use of highly dispersed iron in neuro-oncology]. / Vozmozhnosti primeneniia vysokodispersnogo zheleza v neiroonkologii.

High-dispersion iron endowed with certain physical and chemical and medical and biological characteristics was shown to be helpful in treating malignant tumors of the brain. Effects were studied of ferromagnetic particles on glioma tumors, with these being transplanted under the capsule of the kidney in mice. There has been found out inhibition of growth of heterotransplants.

[The problems, mental disorders and quality of life of rheumatoid arthritis patients]. / Problemy, psikhicheskie narusheniia i kachestvo zhizni bol'nykh revmatoidnym artritom.

There were 157 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Of these, only 65 patients (41.4%) failed to show any factor at the disease onset, which could be estimated as provoking. Psychoemotional factor was most common (in 47.7% of cases). Later the indicated factor played a more important part: only 5.1% of the patients denied or doubted it. In most cases, the distress was caused by family relations. There was an appreciable difference in the intensity of the problems in family and single patients. Affective disorders (neurotic and hypopsychotic depressions) were mostly recorded among mental disorders. The life quality determined in accordance with the self-estimation of the "health" and happiness" noticeably depended both on biological factors (pain intensity, the degree of damage to the bones and joints, and the disease stage) and on social factors--the educational level and social position. The degree of personality merits defined according to the self-estimation of the "mentality" and "character" appeared higher in persons with higher education and in patients suffering from erosive arthritis. The data obtained provide evidence for the necessity of psychosomatic orientation of practicing physicians.

[Systems approach to prognostic criteria for depression]. / Sistemnyi podkhod k prognosticheskim kriteriiam depressii.

In order to elucidate the prognostic criteria of depression in the structure of schizophrenia, manic-depressive psychosis, and psychogenias, the authors, using computer-based techniques, have identified groups of clinical symptoms of variable complexity (arbitrarily named as computerized syndromes) which determine the general outcome of the disease. Computerized syndromes of favourable and unfavourable prognosis with a high diagnostic accuracy can be used for individual prognosis.

[Pharmacokinetics of digoxin in middle-aged and elderly patients in the subacute period of myocardial infarction]. / Farmakokinetika digoksina u bol'nykh pozhilogo i starcheskogo vozrasta v podostrom periode infarkta miokarda.

Elderly and old patients with subacute myocardial infarction showed elevated gastrointestinal digoxin absorption rates and a tendency to increased bioavailability of the drug, as compared to similar parameters in infarction-free patients of the same age, so that blood digoxin peaks were higher in the former. The demonstrated absorption changes may be related to limited physical activity of the myocardial infarction patients examined. Digoxin pharmacokinetic patterns are analysed with reference to baseline myocardial contractility.

[Effect of hemodialysis on digoxin pharmacokinetics in heart failure in patients with chronic kidney failure]. / Vliianie gemodializa na farmakokinetiku digoksina pri serdechnoi nedostatochnosti u bol'nykh s khronicheskoi pochechnoi nedostatochnost'iu.

The authors have estimated the effect of hemodialysis on the pharmacokinetics of digoxin instilled intravenously to patients with the terminal stage of chronic renal insufficiency. It has been shown that dialysis was associated with an almost double increase in the clearance constant of digoxin due to its additional elimination through the membrane of the dialyzer. Over five h of dialysis the body excretes 12.5% of the administered dose of digoxin which is only 3.8% more (by 19 micrograms) than the average amount eliminated without dialysis. The contribution of dialysis to the elimination of digoxin is insignificant and, therefore, the regimen of its administration on days when dialysis is performed should be left unchanged.

[Systematic organization of the symptoms of depression]. / K voprosu o sistemnoi organizatsii simptomov depressii.

Using a mathematical- locical techniques, a systemic organization of depressive symptoms at the level of components was suggested. This system may be used for evaluating the severity of the condition and determining its nosological character as well as for establishing prognostic criteria.