Erratum to "Evolution of animal and human brucellosis in Algeria: a mini narrative review: Anerni n tawla n Malta n yiɣersiwen d yimdanen di Lezzayer: tasɣunt tanalasant tilemzit" [New Microbes and New Infections March 46C, (2022) 100975].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2022.100975.].

Evolution of animal and human brucellosis in Algeria: a mini narrative review.

Tawla n Malta d attan ittentaden É£er umdan i d-xeddment tbaktiriyin n tewsit Brucella spp. D attan amadlan u tella deg tmura n wagrakal am Lezzayer anda mazal txeddem axessar deg lmal. Ad d-nawi dagi tasÉ£unt tamatut É£ef tawla n Malta di Lezzayer, anda i tt-id-ufan yakan É£er umdan seg 1895 u deg wass-nni mazal-itt d ugur ameqqran i yimezla n tdawsa. Tella tezqaft deg tejrutin n yimdanen deg temnadt É£er tayed, tamnadt yennul ugar d tamnadt uzawaÉ£ i yesɛan wehd-s aktamur alemmas (tajrut/100 000 imezdaÉ£) n 65.87 tedfer-itt-id s 9.89 deg temnadt Agafa-Asamar É£ef wakken i d-iwekked uÉ£lif n tdawsa. Aktamur n tejrutin n tawla n Malta n yizgaren iɛedda s udfar deg 5% ar 0,76% deg tlemmast n yiseggasen n 90 d 2014 s usileÉ£ imfeccec anda seld sa yiseggasen n wahil n takza d usnefren akked ucrad s tgezzayt REV-1 i d-ihegga uÉ£lif n tdawsa mazal yegguma ad isenger attan-agi. Ilaq daÉ£en ad negzu dakken anerni n umdan n tejrutin timaynutin n yimdanen i ittujerden kifkif-it akked tejrutin É£er tÉ£etten i yellan d aɛwin n temsalmit meqqren i umdan di Lezzayer.

Introducing clinical nanorachaeaology: Isolation by co-culture of Nanopusillus massiliensis sp. nov.

BACKGROUND: Nanoarchaeota, obligate symbiont of some environmental archaea with reduced genomes, have been described in marine thermal vent environments, yet never detected in hosts, including humans. METHODS: Here, using laboratory tools geared towards the detection of nanoarchaea including PCR-sequencing, WGS, microscopy and culture. RESULTS: We discovered a novel nanoarchaea, Nanopusillus massiliensis, detected in dental plate samples by specific PCR-based assays. Combining fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with scanning electron microscopy disclosed close contacts between N. massiliensis and the archaea Methanobrevibacter oralis in these samples. Culturing one sample yielded co-isolation of M. oralis and N. massiliensis with a 606,935-bp genome, with 23.6% GC encoded 16 tRNA, 3 rRNA and 942 coding DNA sequences, of which 400 were assigned to clusters of orthologous groups. CONCLUSION: The discovery of N. massiliensis, made publicly available in collection, extended our knowledge of human microbiota diversity, opening a new field of research in clinical microbiology here referred to as clinical nanoarchaeology.

Detection of methanogens in peri-appendicular abscesses: Report of four cases.

The aetiology of appendicular abscess is predominantly microbial with aerobic and anaerobic bacteria from gut flora. In this study, by using specific laboratory tools, we co-detected Methanobrevibacter oralis and Methanobrevibacter smithii among a mixture of enterobacteria including Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus avium in four unrelated cases of postoperative appendiceal abscesses. These unprecedented observations raise a question on the role of methanogens in peri-appendicular abscesses, supporting antibiotics as an alternative therapeutic option for appendicitis, including antibiotics active against methanogens such as metronidazole or fusidic acid.

Methanobrevibacter smithii tonsillar phlegmon: a case report.

Untreated tonsillar phlegmon is a life-threatening condition commonly caused by Streptococcus pyogenes and Fusobacterium necrophorum, among other pathogens. Here, using specific laboratory tools, we detected Methanobrevibacter smithii in addition to S. pyogenes. This unprecedented observation questions the role of methanogens in phlegmon and the optimal treatment of this mixed infection.

Digestive tract methanodrome: Physiological roles of human microbiota-associated methanogens.

Methanogens are the archaea most commonly found in humans, in particular in the digestive tract and are an integral part of the digestive microbiota. They are present in humans from the earliest moments of life and represent the only known source of methane production to date. They are notably detected in humans by microscopy, fluorescent in situ hybridization, molecular biology including PCR-sequencing, metagenomics, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and culture. Methanogens present in the human digestive tract play major roles, in particular the use of hydrogen from the fermentation products of bacteria, thus promoting digestion. They are also involved in the transformation of heavy metals and in the use of trimethylamine produced by intestinal bacteria, thus preventing major health problems, in particular cardiovascular diseases. Several pieces of evidence suggest their close physical contacts with bacteria support symbiotic metabolism. Their imbalance during dysbiosis is associated with many pathologies in humans, particularly digestive tract diseases such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, diverticulosis, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, colonic polyposis, and colorectal cancer. There is a huge deficit of knowledge and partially contradictory information concerning human methanogens, so much remains to be done to fully understand their physiological role in humans. It is necessary to develop new methods for the identification and culture of methanogens from clinical samples. This will permit to isolate new methanogens species as well as their phenotypic characterization, to explore their genome by sequencing and to study the population dynamics of methanogens by specifying in particular their exact role within the complex flora associated with the mucous microbiota of human.

Methanobrevibacter smithii, a methanogen consistently colonising the newborn stomach.

Methanobrevibacter smithii is the main human methanogen almost always found in the digestive tract of adults. Yet, the age at which M. smithii establishes itself as part of the developing intestinal microflora remains unknown. In order to gain insight into this, we developed a polyphasic approach, including microscopic observation by fluorescence in situ hybridisation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequencing detection, identification and culture, to isolate and genotype M. smithii in one-day-old newborns' gastric juice specimens. In the presence of negative controls, 50/50 (100%) prospectively analysed newborn gastric juice specimens were PCR-positive for methanogens, all identified as M. smithii by sequencing. We succeeded in cultivating M. smithii in 35/50 (70%) newborn gastric juice specimens, while 15/50 specimens remained sterile. Further, M. smithii was observed by direct microscopic investigation using fluorescence in situ hybridisation. Multispacer sequence typing found one of seven different genotypes per specimen, these genotypes having all been previously described in adult human stools. Methanobrevibacter smithii is an early inhabitant of the human stomach, colonising the gastric mucosa just after birth, and the mother's gut microbiota is a probable source of colonisation.