Nano-architecture of silica nanoparticles as a tool to tune both electrochemical and catalytic behavior of NiII@SiO2.

The present work introduces a facile synthetic route for efficient doping of [NiII(bpy) x ] into silica nanoparticles with various sizes and architectures. Variation of the latter results in different concentrations of the NiII complexes at the interface of the composite nanoparticles. The UV-Vis analysis of the nanoparticles reveals changes in the inner-sphere environment of the NiII complexes when embedded into the nanoparticles, while the inner-sphere of NiII is invariant for the nanoparticles with different architecture. Comparative analysis of the electrochemically generated redox transformations of the NiII complexes embedded in the nanoparticles of various architectures reveals the latter as the main factor controlling the accessibility of NiII complexes to the redox transitions which, in turn, controls the electrochemical behavior of the nanoparticles. The work also highlights an impact of the nanoparticulate architecture in catalytic activity of the NiII complexes within the different nanoparticles in oxidative C-H fluoroalkylation of caffeine. Both low leakage and high concentration of the NiII complexes at the interface of the composite nanoparticles enables fluoroalkylated caffeine to be obtained in high yields under recycling of the nanocatalyst five times at least.

Silica-supported silver nanoparticles as an efficient catalyst for aromatic C-H alkylation and fluoroalkylation.

The efficient catalysis of oxidative alkylation and fluoroalkylation of aromatic C-H bonds is of paramount importance in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries, and requires the development of convenient Ag0-based nano-architectures with high catalytic activity and recyclability. We prepared Ag-doped silica nanoparticles (Ag0/+@SiO2) with a specific nano-architecture, where ultra-small sized silver cores are immersed in silica spheres, 40 nm in size. The nano-architecture provides an efficient electrochemical oxidation of Ag+@SiO2 without any external oxidant. In turn, Ag+@SiO2 5 mol% results in 100% conversion of arenes into their alkylated and fluoroalkylated derivatives in a single step at room temperature under nanoheterogeneous electrochemical conditions. Negligible oxidative leaching of silver from Ag0/+@SiO2 is recorded during the catalytic coupling of arenes with acetic, difluoroacetic and trifluoroacetic acids, which enables the good recyclability of the catalytic function of the Ag0/+@SiO2 nanostructure. The catalyst can be easily separated from the reaction mixture and reused a minimum of five times upon electrochemical regeneration. The use of the developed Ag0@SiO2 nano-architecture as a heterogeneous catalyst facilitates aromatic C-H bond substitution by alkyl and fluoroalkyl groups, which are privileged structural motifs in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.