[Water birth in the parturients' estimation]. / Poród w wodzie w ocenie rodzacych kobiet.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to characterise a group of women who decided for under water birth and to show an influence of warm water on their psychosomatic reactions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The results of the inquiry conducted among 45 women bathed during first stage of normal labour and delivery under water were analysed. The demographic data, water birth knowledge and psychosomatic reactions were studied traditional. The age, education, obstetric history of the women was compared with a group of 45 women who gave birth in a way. RESULTS: The average age of women in labour under water was 25.6 years and no significant difference to control group (25 years) was found. The most common in our research group was secondary education (62%), after that elementary (20%) and university education (18%). Worse educated women were more rarely decided for water birth (20% in research group vs 41% in control; p < 0.05). A midwife was the most important source of information about warm tub bath during delivery, especially among worse educated women (67%). Concerning reactions after entering the pool, in 69% cases decrease of labour pain and in 64% decrease of spasm pains was observed. In 58% cases the time of delivery was advanced, only in 13% it lasted longer after going into the warm tub. Immersion in the pool was sensed in a positive way by all the parturients. The women described appeasement (78%), relaxation (67%), better opportunities for mid-spasm rest (67%). The water tub bath during delivery was estimated good by all of the women. 76% of the group gave 5 points in 1 to 5 scale. As many as 87% of women wish they born another baby in a water. CONCLUSIONS: A midwife has an essential role in information and making a decision of water birth. Entering the pool causes subjective decrease of labour pain and advance of delivery. Women very good estimate birth in water.

[Analysis of pregnancy and delivery ways in nulliparous women over 30 years old]. / Analiza przebiegu ciazy i sposobu ukonczenia porodu u pierworódek powyzej 30. roku zycia.

Courses of pregnancy and ways of delivery of 274 nulliparous women aged over 30, who delivered between 1992 and 1998 were analyzed. Control group consisted of 274 nulliparous women aged 22-27, who delivered in the same period. Among the women delivering over 30, premature labours, medical disorders during pregnancy and deliveries by cesarean sections were noticeable more frequent.

[Feto-maternal immunization and fetal hemolytic disease: invasive diagnostics and therapy in the Warsaw center of serological collision in years 1992-1999]. / Immunizacja matczyno-plodowa i choroba hemolityczna plodu--inwazyjna diagnostyka i terapia w stolecznym osrodku konfliktu serologicznego w latach 1992-1999.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was the assessment of intrauterine procedures, which are performed during the diagnostic phase and therapy of fetal hemolytic disease in the Warsaw Center of Serological Collision. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study covered 146 women, who were patients of the Center from 1992 to 1999. Analyzed were the time of commencement of diagnostic and treatment, type of operations, duration of therapy, time and manner of delivery after the past intrauterine procedures, the medical condition of infants born as a result of these deliveries and the necessity for blood treatment in the early neonatal stage. RESULTS: 451 intrauterine procedures were carried out, of which 159 were diagnostic punctures of the umbilical vessel and 292 were fetal transfusions. The diagnostics and treatment was performed between the 19 and 38 week of pregnancy. The number of punctures for each patient ranged from 1 to 4, and 1 to 10 for intrauterine transfusions. The therapy, which on average lasted 42 days, significantly improved the fetal blood morphology results. During the therapy 5 intrauterine demises were noted--3 as a result of advanced fetal hemolytic disease and 2 related to operation complications. The average pregnancy duration in the analyzed group was 36.4 for treated women and 37.4 weeks for diagnosed women. 52.7% of deliveries were vaginal, 47.3% were performed by cesarean section. The general condition of 87% of infants was good. However, 77% of infants required blood treatment during the early neonatal period. CONCLUSIONS: Invasive methods of fetal hemolytic disease diagnostics and intrauterine therapy assure high efficiency in the guiding of serological collision and fetal hemolytic disease conflicted pregnancies. At the same time, these methods are safe and carry a low risk of complications.

[Autism, infantile: diagnostic aspects]. / Autyzm wczesnodzieciecy--aspekty diagnostyczne.

Autism is a rare disorder, whose frequency varies according to research from 0.7 to 4.5 per 10,000. The results of 40 children examined in the Out-patient Rehabilitation Union for Autistic Children showed that according to the DSM-III-R criteria 3 children suffered from autism. The authors suggest that the DSM-III-R criteria are either not known to the diagnosticians or are not used in the diagnosis.