Natural history of silent lacunar infarction: 10-year follow-up of a community-based prospective study of 0.5 million Chinese adults.

BACKGROUND: Widespread use of brain imaging in China has resulted in an increased prevalence of silent lacunar infarct (LACI) in addition to symptomatic LACI, but their clinical relevance is not fully understood. METHODS: We compared the 5-year risks of recurrent stroke and all-cause mortality for silent LACI vs symptomatic LACI in a prospective study of 489,597 Chinese adults with no history of stroke or ischemic heart disease at baseline. Data on recurrent stroke and all-cause mortality were obtained by linkage with local stroke and mortality registries and health insurance records for all hospital admissions. FINDINGS: Among 12,150 cases with an adjudicated diagnosis of first-ever LACI, 4,134 (34%) had silent LACI and 8,016 (66%) had symptomatic LACI. All cases had brain imaging, but only 33% of silent LACI and 40% of symptomatic LACI cases had brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The standardized event rates for silent LACI were 2-fold greater in urban than rural areas, but the ratios of silent LACI vs symptomatic LACI were similar in all areas. Cases with silent LACI vs symptomatic LACI had comparable 5-year risks of recurrent stroke (38% vs 43%) and all-cause mortality (11% vs 14%), respectively. For both silent and symptomatic LACI cases, most cases of recurrent stroke had non-LACI (70% vs 72%). While the relative risks of recurrent stroke did not differ by age, sex and area, the absolute risks of all-cause mortality varied by sex, age and area. INTERPRETATION: The prognosis of cases with silent LACI was comparable with symptomatic LACI, and the results highlight the need for further randomized trials assessing the efficacy and safety of established treatments for ischemic stroke in cases with silent LACI. FUNDING: Wellcome Trust (212946/Z/18/Z, 202922/Z/16/Z, 104085/Z/14/Z, 088158/Z/09/Z) and National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0900500, 2016YFC0900501, 2016YFC0900504, 2016YFC1303904) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (91843302); UK Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00017/1,MC_UU_12026/2 MC_U137686851), Cancer Research UK (C16077/A29186; C500/A16896) and British Heart Foundation (CH/1996001/9454). ZH was supported West China Hospital, Sichuan University (ZYGD18009 and 2016YFC1300505) for a visiting scholarship to the University of Oxford, UK, during 2018-19.

Carotid Intima-Media Thickness but Not Carotid Artery Plaque in Healthy Individuals Is Linked to Lean Body Mass.

Background Lean body mass has been identified as a key determinant of left ventricular mass and wall thickness. However, the importance of lean body mass or other body-size measures as normative determinants of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), a widely used early indicator of atherosclerosis, has not been well established. Methods and Results Carotid artery ultrasound measurements of cIMT and carotid artery plaque burden (derived from plaque number and maximum size) and measurements of body size, including height, body mass index, weight, body fat proportion, and lean body mass ([1-body fat proportion]×weight), were recorded in 25 020 participants from 10 regions of China. Analyses were restricted to a healthy younger subset (n=6617) defined as never or long-term ex-regular smokers aged <60 years (mean age, 50) without previous ischemic heart disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, or hypertension and with plasma non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <4 mmol/L. Among these 6617 participants, 86% were women (because most men smoked) and 9% had carotid artery plaque. In both women and men separately, lean body mass was strongly positively associated with cIMT, but was not associated with plaque burden: overall, each 10 kg higher lean body mass was associated with a 0.03 (95% CI, 0.03-0.04) mm higher cIMT (P=5×10-33). Fat mass, height, and other body-size measures were more weakly associated with cIMT. Conclusions The strong association of lean body mass with cIMT, but not with plaque burden, in healthy adults suggests a normative relationship rather than reflecting atherosclerotic pathology. Common mechanisms may underlie the associations of lean body mass with cIMT and with nonatherosclerotic vascular traits.

Sexual Activity and HIV-Related Knowledge among Secondary School Students in China.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the level of HIV/AIDS knowledge and sexual activity among secondary school students, and to offer specific intervention strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Random sampling technique was used and cross-sectional study was conducted among 6347 students using self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: The ages of participants range from 9 to 21 years with a mean of 14.83±1.63 years. Of 6347 students, 3214 (50.6%) were female. Results showed that 65% of male and 71% of female had been pornography reader. Overall, the prevalence of knowledge on HIV caused by virus was high for male and female. On intimate contact, 25.7% of the male and 17.7% of the female students reported that they had a history of hugging; 11.3% of male and 5.6% of female students reported that they had an experience of kissing; 11.3% of male and 4.0% of female students reported that they had an experience of caressing, 27% of male and 18% of female students reported that they had an experience of sexual intercourse; and 49.5% of male and 58.4% of female students reported to have been forced to have sex. Accordingly, 75.1% of male and 90% of female students heard of HIV. CONCLUSION: Education of the students on HIV/AIDS seems poorer at the secondary school in certain areas of China; more attention should be paid to those of senior grade students and students from divorced families.

Developing a Modular Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Platform for Air Pollution Profiling.

The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) offers great potential for collecting air quality data with high spatial and temporal resolutions. The objective of this study is to design and develop a modular UAV-based platform capable of real-time monitoring of multiple air pollutants. The system comprises five modules: the UAV, the ground station, the sensors, the data acquisition (DA) module, and the data fusion (DF) module. The hardware was constructed with off-the-shelf consumer parts and the open source software Ardupilot was used for flight control and data fusion. The prototype UAV system was tested in representative settings. Results show that this UAV platform can fly on pre-determined pathways with adequate flight time for various data collection missions. The system simultaneously collects air quality and high precision X-Y-Z data and integrates and visualizes them in a real-time manner. While the system can accommodate multiple gas sensors, UAV operations may electronically interfere with the performance of chemical-resistant sensors. Our prototype and experiments prove the feasibility of the system and show that it features a stable and high precision spatial-temporal platform for air sample collection. Future work should be focused on gas sensor development, plug-and-play interfaces, impacts of rotor wash, and all-weather designs.

[Analysis on the current situation and related influencing factors of neglect in 12-18 years old middle school students].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the current situation of adolescents neglect and its related influencing factors. METHODS: The survey was conducted by multi-stage sampling among students from seven middle schools in Jiaxing and Wuhu city. The questionnaire included general demographic characteristics, parental rearing patterns scale( EMBU) and Chinese urban middle school students ignore evaluation questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 6700 questionnaires were delivered, and 6347 valid questionnaires were retrieved with the effective rate of 94. 7%. Among the study subjects, 2296 students ever suffered neglect with the total prevalence of neglect of 36. 17%. The total score of neglect was 50. 41 ± 9. 70. The neglect score was higher in males than that in females( 51. 77 ± 9. 95 vs 49. 07 ± 9. 26), students in Wuhu higher than those in Jiaxing, students in non-single-child higher than those in single-child and higher-grade students higher than low-grade ones. The neglect scores on body, emotion, education, security, and medical levels were higher in Wuhu middle school students than that in Jiaxing ones. The neglect scores on six levels( body, emotion, education, security, medical and society)were higher in males and students in non-single-child than that in females and students in single-child. Statistically significant differences were also found among different grades on six levels( P < 0. 05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that there was a linear regression relationship between the adolescents neglect score and father 's emotional warmth, mother 's rejection, grade, mother 's emotional warmth, father 's strictpunishment, sex, mother's overprotection, mother's educational background, father's favoring, performance level, mother's strict-punishment, father 's rejection and family income. CONCLUSION: There is a certain proportion of neglect in middle school students. Parenting style of parents' emotional warmth could effectively reduce the occurrence of neglect. However, strict-punishment, favoring, rejection of father and overprotection, rejection, strict-punishment of mother might increase the risk of adolescents neglect.

Prevalence of overweight and obesity among secondary school children aged 14 to 18 years (china).

BACKGROUND: Prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents has been increasing during recent decades. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of obesity in 14-18 years old Anhui Secondary school children, and provide more comprehensive guidelines for intervention programs. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 4788 children in secondary school, and date from the routine health survey was analyzed. Trained health workers took anthropometric measures, height and weight, at the school. Definition of children overweight and obesity children was based on the international age-and sex-specific body mass index reference standards proposed by the International Obesity Task Force and National Center for Health Statistics. RESULTS: According to the IOTF standard the prevalence of overweight (including obesity) and obesity revealed decreasing trend with age in male (overweight, from 17.3% at 14-y to 5.3% at 18-y; obesity, from 3.8% at 14-y to 2.3% at 18-y). Depending on the NCHS references used, the overall prevalence of overweight (including obesity) and obesity in male aged 14 to 18 decreases from 16.4% to 11.7% and from 4.6% to 2.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The overweight (including obesity) and obesity from 14 to 18 years old have a decreasing trend, and more attention should be taken to male students in China. These findings suggest secondary school and government need to design appropriate guidelines to keep healthy for adolescents in China.

Antecedentes: La Prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en adolescentes ha ido en aumento durante los últimos decenios. El presente estudio pretende evaluar la prevalencia de la obesidad en los niños de la escuela secundaria de 14 a 18 años de edad Anhui, y proporcionar directrices más amplias para los programas de intervención. Métodos: Este estudio transversal se llevó a cabo en 4788 niños de escuela secundaria, y la fecha de la encuesta de salud de rutina fue analizado. Los trabajadores sanitarios capacitados tomaron medidas antropométricas, la altura y el peso, en la escuela. La definicion de los niños con sobrepeso y obesidad basada en la edad y sexo del índice de masa corporal estándar de referencia propuesto por el Grupo de trabajo internacional sobre obesidad y el Centro Nacional de estadísticas de salud. Resultados: De acuerdo a la IOTF Standard la prevalencia de sobrepeso (obesidad) y la obesidad reveló disminución tendencia con la edad en varones (sobrepeso, del 17,3% en 14-y a 5,3% en 18-y; la obesidad, from 3.8% en 14-y al 2,3% en 18-y). Dependiendo de la NCHS referencias utilizadas, la prevalencia global de sobrepeso (obesidad) y la obesidad en hombres de entre 14 y 18 años de edad disminuye a partir de un 16,4% a 11,7% y del 4,6% al 2,8%, respectivamente. Conclusión: El sobrepeso (obesidad) y la obesidad de diciembre de los 14 a los 18 años de edad tienen una tendencia a la disminucion, y más atención debe ser tomado para estudiantes varones en China. Estos hallazgos sugieren que la escuela secundaria y el Gobierno deben formular directrices apropiadas para mantener saludables a los adolescentes en China.

Prevalence of overweight and obesity among secondary school children aged 14 to 18 years (China) / Prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad entre niños de escuela secundaria de 14 a 18 años (China)

Background: Prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents has been increasing during recent decades. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of obesity in 14-18 years old Anhui Secondary school children, and provide more comprehensive guidelines for intervention programs. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 4788 children in secondary school, and date from the routine health survey was analyzed. Trained health workers took anthropometric measures, height and weight, at the school. Definition of children overweight and obesity children was based on the international age-and sex-specific body mass index reference standards proposed by the International Obesity Task Force and National Center for Health Statistics. Results: According to the IOTF standard the prevalence of overweight (including obesity) and obesity revealed decreasing trend with age in male (overweight, from 17.3% at 14-y to 5.3% at 18-y; obesity, from 3.8% at 14-y to 2.3% at 18-y). Depending on the NCHS references used, the overall prevalence of overweight (including obesity) and obesity in male aged 14 to18 decreases from 16.4% to 11.7% and from 4.6% to 2.8%, respectively. Conclusion: The overweight (including obesity) and obesity from14 to 18 years old have a decreasing trend, and more attention should be taken to male students in China. These findings suggest secondary school and government need to design appropriate guidelines to keep healthy for adolescents in China (AU)

Antecedentes: La Prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en adolescentes ha ido en aumento durante los últimos decenios. El presente estudio pretende evaluar la prevalencia de la obesidad en los niños de la escuela secundaria de 14 a 18 años de edad Anhui, y proporcionar directrices más amplias para los programas de intervención. Métodos: Este estudio transversal se llevó a cabo en 4788 niños de escuela secundaria, y la fecha de la encuesta de salud de rutina fue analizado. Los trabajadores sanitarios capacitados tomaron medidas antropométricas, la altura y el peso, en la escuela. La definición de los niños con sobrepeso y obesidad basada en la edad y sexo del índice de masa corporal estándar de referencia propuesto por el Grupo de trabajo internacional sobre obesidad y el Centro Nacional de estadísticas de salud. Resultados: De acuerdo a la IOTF Standard la prevalencia de sobrepeso (obesidad) y la obesidad reveló disminución tendencia con la edad en varones (sobrepeso, del 17,3% en 14-y a 5,3% en 18-y; la obesidad, desde 3.8% en 14-y al 2,3% en 18-y). Dependiendo de la NCHS referencias utilizadas, la prevalencia global de sobrepeso (obesidad) y la obesidad en hombres de entre 14 y 18 años de edad disminuye a partir de un 16,4% a 11,7% y del 4,6% al 2,8%, respectivamente. Conclusión: El sobrepeso (obesidad) y la obesidad de diciembre de los 14 a los 18 años de edad tienen una tendencia a la disminución, y más atención debe ser tomado para estudiantes varones en China. Estos hallazgos sugieren que la escuela secundaria y el Gobierno deben formular directrices apropiadas para mantener saludables a los adolescentes en China (AU)

Effect of computer radiation on weight and oxidant-antioxidant status of mice / Efecto de la radiación sobre el peso y la computadora el estado antioxidante del oxidante de ratones

Objectives: To explore the effects of computer radiation on weight and oxidant-antioxidant status of rats, and further to confirm that whether vitamin C has protective effects on computer radiation. Methods: Sixty Male adult ICR mice were randomly divided into six groups. each group give different treatment as follows: group A was control, group B given vitamin C intake, group C given 8 h/day computer radiation exposure, group D given vitamin C intake and 8 h/day computer radiation group E given 16 h/day computer radiation exposure, group F given vitamin C intake plus exposure to 16 h/day computer radiation. After seven weeks, mice was executed to collect the blood samples, for detecting total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and alkaline phosphates (ALP)content in serum or liver tissue were determined by ELIASA. Results: No difference was found for the change of weight among six groups at different week. In the group C, D and F, the liver tissue T-AOC level were higher than the group A. In the group B, C and E, the serum ALP level were lower than the group A (P<0.05).Conclusions: The study indicate that computer radiation may have an adverse effect on T-AOC and ALP level of mice, and vitamin C have protective effect against computer radiation (AU)

Objetivos: Explorar los efectos de la radiación de ordenador sobre el peso y el estado oxidativo-antioxidativo de los ratones, y además para confirmar si la vitamina C tiene efectos protectores contra la radiación de ordenador. Métodos: Sesenta ratones machos adultos ICR fueron aleatoriamente divididos en seis grupos. Cada grupo recibió un tratamiento diferente del modo siguiente: el grupo A fue el grupo de control, el grupo B recibió vitamina C, el grupo C fue sometido a una exposicion a la radiacion de ordenador de 8 h/día, el Grupo D recibió vitamina C y fue sometido a una exposicion a la radiacion de ordenador de 8 h/día, el Grupo E fue sometido a una radiación de ordenador de 16 h/día, el grupo F recibió vitamina C y fue sometido a una exposicion a la radiacion de ordenador de 16 h/día. Al cabo de siete semanas, los ratones fueron ejecutados para extraer las muestras de sangre, para detectar la capacidad antioxidante total (T-AOC) y el contenido de fosfatasa alcalina (ALP) en suero o en tejido hepático fue determinado mediante ELISA. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias en cuanto a cambio de peso entre los seis grupos diferentes. En los grupos C, D y F, el nivel en de T-AOC en tejido hepático fue más alto que en el grupo A. En los grupos B, C y E, el nivel de ALP en suero fue más bajo que en el Grupo A (P < 0,05). Conclusiones: El estudio indican que la radiación de ordenador puede tener un efecto adverso en los niveles de T-AOC y ALP de ratones, y que la vitamina C tendría un efecto protector contra la radiación del ordenador (AU)

Effect of computer radiation on weight and oxidant-antioxidant status of mice.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the effects of computer radiation on weight and oxidant-antioxidant status of mice, and further to confirm that whether vitamin C has protective effects on computer radiation. METHODS: Sixty Male adult ICR mice were randomly divided into six groups. each group give different treatment as follows: group A was control, group B given vitamin C intake, group C given 8 h/day computer radiation exposure, group D given vitamin C intake and 8 h/day computer radiation group E given 16 h/day computer radiation exposure, group F given vitamin C intake plus exposure to 16 h/day computer radiation. After seven weeks, mice was executed to collect the blood samples, for detecting total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and alkaline phosphatases (ALP)content in serum or liver tissue were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: No difference was found for the change of weight among six groups at different week. In the group C, D and F, the liver tissue T-AOC level were higher than the group A. In the group B, C and E, the serum ALP level were lower than the group A (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The study indicate that computer radiation may have an adverse effect on T-AOC and ALP level of mice, and vitamin C have protective effect against computer radiation.

Objetivos: Explorar los efectos de la radiación de ordenador sobre el peso y el estado oxidativo-antioxidativo de los ratones, y además para confirmar si la vitamina C tiene efectos protectores contra la radiación de ordenador. Métodos: Sesenta ratones machos adultos ICR fueron aleatoriamente divididos en seis grupos. Cada grupo recibió un tratamiento diferente del modo siguiente: el grupo A fue el grupo de control, el grupo B recibió vitamina C, el grupo C fue sometido a una exposicion a la radiacion de ordenador de 8 h/día, el Grupo D recibió vitamina C y fue sometido a una exposicion a la radiacion de ordenador de 8 h/día, el Grupo E fue sometido a una radiación de ordenador de 16 h/día, el grupo F recibió vitamina C y fue sometido a una exposicion a la radiacion de ordenador de 16 h/día. Al cabo de siete semanas, los ratones fueron ejecutados para extraer las muestras de sangre, para detectar la capacidad antioxidante total (T-AOC) y el contenido de fosfatasa alcalina (ALP) en suero o en tejido hepático fue determinado mediante ELISA. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias en cuanto a cambio de peso entre los seis grupos diferentes. En los grupos C, D y F, el nivel en de T-AOC en tejido hepático fue más alto que en el grupo A. En los grupos B, C y E, el nivel de ALP en suero fue más bajo que en el Grupo A (P < 0,05). Conclusiones: El estudio indican que la radiación de ordenador puede tener un efecto adverso en los niveles de T-AOC y ALP de ratones, y que la vitamina C tendría un efecto protector contra la radiación del ordenador.