Effects of oilseed rape green manure on phosphorus availability of red soil and rice yield in rice-green manure rotation system.

Improving the nutrient content of red soils in southern China is a priority for efficient rice production there. To assess the effectiveness of oilseed rape as green manure for the improvement of soil phosphorus nutrient supply and rice yield in red soil areas, a long-term field plot experiment was conducted comparing two species of rape, Brassica napus (BN) and Brassica juncea (BJ). The effects of returning oilseed rape on soil phosphorus availability, phosphorus absorption, and yield of subsequent rice under rice-green manure rotation mode were analyzed, using data from the seasons of 2020 to 2021. The study found that compared with winter fallow treatment (WT) and no-tillage treatment (NT), the soil available phosphorus content of BN was increased, and that of BJ was significantly increased. The content of water-soluble inorganic phosphorus of BJ increased, and that of BN increased substantially. Compared with the WT, the soil organic matter content and soil total phosphorus content of BN significantly increased, as did the soil available potassium content of BJ, and the soil total phosphorus content of BJ was significantly increased compared with NT. The soil particulate phosphorus content of BJ and BN was significantly increased by 14.00% and 16.00%, respectively. Compared with the WT, the phosphorus activation coefficient of BJ was significantly increased by 11.41%. The rice plant tiller number under the green manure returning treatment was significantly increased by 43.16% compared with the winter fallow treatment. The green manure returning measures increased rice grain yield by promoting rice tiller numbers; BN increased rice grain yield by 9.91% and BJ by 11.68%. Based on these results, returning oilseed rape green manure could augment the phosphorus nutrients of red soil and promote phosphorus availability. Rice-oilseed rape green manure rotation could increase rice grain yield.

Aggressive variant prostate cancer: A case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Aggressive variant prostate cancer (AVPC) is a rare disease that progresses rapidly. The first-line treatment for AVPC is currently unknown. We examined a rare case of AVPC with rare brain and bladder metastases. A summary review of the mechanism of development, clinicopathological manifestations, associated treatments and prognosis of this disease is presented. CASE SUMMARY: The patient was diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCA), and was actively treated with endocrine therapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and traditional Chinese medicine. Unfortunately, he was insensitive to treatment, and the disease progressed rapidly. He died five years after being diagnosed with PCA. CONCLUSION: We should reach consensus definitions of the AVPC and other androgen receptor-independent subtypes of PCA and develop new biomarkers to identify groups of high-risk variants. It is crucial to complete a puncture biopsy of the tumor or metastatic lesion as soon as possible in patients with advanced PCA who exhibit clinical features such as low Prostate-specific antigen levels, high carcinoembryonic antigen levels, and insensitivity to hormones to determine the pathological histological type and to create a more aggressive monitoring and treatment regimens.

Prostate lymphoma with renal obstruction; reflections on diagnosis and treatment: Two case reports.

BACKGROUND: Prostate lymphoma has no characteristic clinical symptomatology, is often misdiagnosed, and currently, clinical case reports of this disease are relatively rare. The disease develops rapidly and is not sensitive to conventional treatment. A delay in the treatment of hydronephrosis may lead to renal function injury, often causing physical discomfort and rapid deterioration with the disease. This paper presents two patients with lymphoma of prostate origin, followed by a summary of the literature concerning the identification and treatment of such patients. CASE SUMMARY: This paper reports on the cases of two patients with prostate lymphoma admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, one of whom died of the disease 2 mo after diagnosis, while the other was treated promptly, and his tumor was significantly reduced at the 6-mo follow-up. CONCLUSION: The literature shows that prostate lymphoma is often seen as a benign prostate disease during its pathogenesis, even though primary prostate lymphoma enlarges rapidly and diffusely with the invasion of surrounding tissues and organs. In addition, prostate-specific antigen levels are not elevated and are not specific. There are no significant features in single imaging either, but during dynamic observation of imaging, it can be found that the lymphoma is diffusely enlarged locally and that systemic symptoms metastasize rapidly. The two cases of rare prostate lymphoma reported herein provide a reference for clinical decision making, and the authors conclude that early nephrostomy to relieve the obstruction plus chemotherapy is the most convenient and effective treatment option for the patient.

Serum C-peptide concentration and prostate cancer: A meta-analysis of observational studies.

BACKGROUND: The association between serum C-peptide concentration and prostate cancer remains unexplored. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess whether C-peptide serum concentrations are associated with increased prostate cancer risk. METHODS: Several databases were searched to identify relevant original research articles published before November 2017. Random-effects models were used to summarize the overall estimate of the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Nine observational studies involving 11,796 participants were identified. The findings of the meta-analysis indicated that the association between serum C-peptide concentration and prostate cancer was not significant (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 0.85-1.54; for highest versus lowest category C-peptide concentrations, P = .376). The associations were inconsistent, as indicated by subgroup analyses. CONCLUSION: Although our findings provided no support for the hypothesis that serum C-peptide concentration is associated with excess risk of prostate cancer, people must pay attention to this aspect and increase physical activity or modify dietary habits to constrain insulin secretion, which possibly lead to decreased incidence of prostate cancer. Hence, well-designed observational studies involving different ethnic populations are still needed.

Association between cadmium exposure and urolithiasis risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: We performed a meta-analysis to determine whether a consistent relationship exists between cadmium exposure and urolithiasis in humans. Accordingly, we summarized and reviewed previously published quantitative studies. METHODS: Eligible studies with reference lists published before June 1, 2017 were obtained from searching several databases. Random effects models were used to summary the overall estimate of the multivariate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Six observational studies involving 88,045 participants were identified and stratified into the following categories according to cadmium assessment results: occupational (n = 4) and dietary (n = 2). The findings of the meta-analysis suggested that the risk of urolithiasis increases significantly by 1.32 times at higher cadmium exposure (OR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.08-1.62; for highest vs lowest category urinary cadmium values). The summary OR in occupational exposure (OR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.13-2.14) increased at the same condition. Meanwhile, no association was observed between cadmium exposure and urolithiasis risk in dietary exposure (OR = 1.13; 95% CI = 0.87-1.47). A significant association remained consistent, as indicated by subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS: The meta-analysis indicated that increased risk of urolithiasis is associated with high cadmium exposure, and this association is higher in occupational exposure than in dietary exposure. Nevertheless, well-designed observational studies with different ethnic populations are still needed.

[Effects of nitrogen application on decomposition and nutrient release of returned maize straw in Guanzhong Plain, Northwest China]. / æ–½æ°®å¯¹å ³ä¸­è¿˜ç”°çŽ‰ç±³ç§¸ç§†è è§£å’Œå »åˆ†é‡Šæ”¾ç‰¹å¾çš„å½±å“.

With 15N isotope labeled maize straw in nylon net bags and buried in the wheat field at two N rates of 0 and 200 kg N·hm-2, the effects of nitrogen application on the decomposition of straw dry matter and the release dynamics of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (C, N, P and K) after maize straw retention were investigated in the winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi, China. Results showed that N application did not affect the decomposition of the returned straw C and dry matter, but promoted the release of P and inhibited the release of N and K from straw during sowing to wintering periods of winter wheat. From the grain filling to the harvest of winter wheat, the decomposition of the returned straw and the release of N, P and K were not affected, but the release of straw C was significantly enhanced by N application. The release dynamic of straw C was synchronized with the decomposition of the dry matter, and the C/N of straw declined gradually with the extension of wheat growing. Until the harvest of winter wheat, the accumulative decomposition rate of straw dry matter was less than 50%, and the total straw C release rate was around 47.9% to 51.1%. The C/N ratio of the returned straw was decreased from 32.2 to 20.2 and 17.9, respectively at N rates of 0 and 200 kg N·hm-2. From sowing to harvest of winter wheat, the net release of N, P and K from the straw was observed. The N release was 7.2-9.4 kg·hm-2 and 12.7%-16.6% of the total straw N, and the P release was 1.29-1.44 kg·hm-2 and 29.0%-32.4% of the total straw P, while a great deal of K was released quickly, with approximately 80% of the straw K released before wintering, 51.8-52.5 kg·hm-2 and 90.5%-91.7% of the total straw K released at wheat harvest. It was suggested that the K fertilizer application should be decreased for the winter wheat due to the great amount K release from the returned maize straw, and an extra amount of N and P fertilizer should be applied under the straw retention cropping system.

Risk factors associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome after percutaneous nephrolithotomy in China:A Meta-analysis / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To explore the risk factors of systemic inflammatory response syndrome crisis (SIRS) after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in China. Methods Databases of CNKI, CBM, WanFan and VIP were searched to retrieve studies about systemic inflammatory response syndrome after percutaneous nephrolithotomy to October, 2016. Results 18 studies involving 5,323 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that:a) univariate analysis indicated that renal insufficiency [O(R) =2.78, 95%CI (1.96 to 3.95), P = 0.000], preoperative positive urine culture [O(R) = 3.41, 95%CI (1.89 to 6.15), P = 0.000], preoperative routine urine leucocyte positive [O(R) = 3.78, 95%CI (3.02 to 4.72), P = 0.000], diabetes mellitus [O(R) = 2.14, 95%CI (1.33 to 3.45), P = 0.002], pelvic positive urine culture [O(R)= 5.14, 95%CI (2.46 to 10.73), P = 0.000] and operation time ≥120 min [O(R) = 2.31, 95%CI (1.40 to 3.82), P = 0.001] were the risk factors of SIRS; b) multivariate analysis showed that, preoperative positive urine culture [O(R) = 6.83, 95%CI (2.82 to 16.57), P = 0.000], preoperative routine urine leucocyte positive [O(R) = 5.43, 95%CI (3.51 to 8.41), P = 0.000], diabetes mellitus [O(R) = 2.85, 95%CI (1.45 to 5.58), P = 0.002], pelvic positive urine culture [O(R) = 4.30, 95%CI (1.30 to 14.21), P = 0.020] and operation time ≥120 min [O(R) = 2.72, 95%CI (1.62 to 4.59), P = 0.000] were the independent risk factors of MCAT. Conclusion The independent risk factors of SIRS for patients after PCNL are diabetes mellitus, preoperative positive urine culture, preoperative routine urine leucocyte positive, pelvic positive urine culture and operation time. However, due to the quantity and low quality of the included literature, the conclusion needs the support from high quality studies.

Risk factors associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome after percutaneous nephrolithotomy in China:A Meta-analysis / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To explore the risk factors of systemic inflammatory response syndrome crisis (SIRS) after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in China. Methods Databases of CNKI, CBM, WanFan and VIP were searched to retrieve studies about systemic inflammatory response syndrome after percutaneous nephrolithotomy to October, 2016. Results 18 studies involving 5,323 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that:a) univariate analysis indicated that renal insufficiency [O(R) =2.78, 95%CI (1.96 to 3.95), P = 0.000], preoperative positive urine culture [O(R) = 3.41, 95%CI (1.89 to 6.15), P = 0.000], preoperative routine urine leucocyte positive [O(R) = 3.78, 95%CI (3.02 to 4.72), P = 0.000], diabetes mellitus [O(R) = 2.14, 95%CI (1.33 to 3.45), P = 0.002], pelvic positive urine culture [O(R)= 5.14, 95%CI (2.46 to 10.73), P = 0.000] and operation time ≥120 min [O(R) = 2.31, 95%CI (1.40 to 3.82), P = 0.001] were the risk factors of SIRS; b) multivariate analysis showed that, preoperative positive urine culture [O(R) = 6.83, 95%CI (2.82 to 16.57), P = 0.000], preoperative routine urine leucocyte positive [O(R) = 5.43, 95%CI (3.51 to 8.41), P = 0.000], diabetes mellitus [O(R) = 2.85, 95%CI (1.45 to 5.58), P = 0.002], pelvic positive urine culture [O(R) = 4.30, 95%CI (1.30 to 14.21), P = 0.020] and operation time ≥120 min [O(R) = 2.72, 95%CI (1.62 to 4.59), P = 0.000] were the independent risk factors of MCAT. Conclusion The independent risk factors of SIRS for patients after PCNL are diabetes mellitus, preoperative positive urine culture, preoperative routine urine leucocyte positive, pelvic positive urine culture and operation time. However, due to the quantity and low quality of the included literature, the conclusion needs the support from high quality studies.

[Staging Based Strategies and Practice for Prostate Cancer].

Authors raised that staging based strategies and practice of integrative medicine (IM) by combining syndrome typing and disease identification, and choosing suitable measures in accordance with different persons and seasonal conditions after more than ten years' clinical practice and researches. Radical operation as prior (as evil eliminating) and strengthening vital qi in perioerative period are best strategy for promoting rapid rehabilitation of early stage prostate cancer patients. Strengthening body resistance to eliminate evil was used in treating advanced prostate cancer patients. For example, a comprehensive treatment program for hormone-dependent patients was combined with endocrinotherapy and Chinese herbs for synergisic efficacy-enhancing actions. In this way, these patients' quality of life (QOL) were improved and time to castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) was delayed, even some patients were clinically cured. There are lack of effective medicines and methods for CRPC patients. Greatly tonifying original qi is mainly used for improving their clinical symptoms and prolonging survivals. Practice has proved staging based strategies and practice of IM has favorable advantages in treating prostate cancer, especially showing prospect in prolonging survival and postponing progression of advanced prostate cancer patients. Besides, it also could provide beneficial considerations and inspiration for combination of syndrome typing and disease identification.

[Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for incidental prostate cancer after TURP].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the management of incidental prostate cancer after TURP by laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP). METHODS: Between April 2005 and December 2011, we treated 4 cases of incidental prostate cancer with p504s (+) by LRP, 1 at 3 mon, while the other 3 at 1.5 mon after TURP. RESULTS: The operations were successfully performed in all the 4 cases, all by extraperitoneal approach. Postoperative pathology showed prostate cancer in 2 of the cases with Gleason scores of 6-7, high-level epithelial neoplasia in 1, and no malignancy in the other. Postoperative observation and 1-79 mon follow-up visit revealed good urinary function but no obvious urinary incontinence, metastasis and erectile dysfunction. CONCLUSION: With practiced laparoscopic skills, laparoscopic radical prostatectomy may achieve satisfactory results in the treatment of incidental prostate cancer after TURP.

[Effects of perioperative treatment by integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine on postoperative parameters of TURP].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical effects of perioperative treatment by integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine on postoperative parameters of TURP. METHODS: From Jun. 2002 to Oct. 2006, 238 cases of TURP were performed in our hospital, of whom, 179 (Group A) were treated by integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine, and the other 59 (Group B) by Western medicine. The postoperative parameters of the 2 groups were recorded and compared. RESULTS: Postoperative catheter indwelling, hospital stay, Q(max) 4 w after TURP and incidence of bacteriuria (> 5 d) showed no significant difference (P > 0.05), while the incidence rates of overactive bladder and urgent urinary incontinence, hematuria time, dysuria time, IPSS score and QOL score 4 w after TURP were statistically different between the 2 groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: For TURP patients, perioperative treatment by integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine can reduce postoperative complications, increase the success rate of surgery and improve QOL score.