Fixed drug eruption-induced balanoposthitis: a case report.

Fixed Drug Eruptions (FDE) represent a distinctive type of adverse drug reaction, typically characterized by recurring, sharply demarcated skin lesions occurring at identical sites with each administration of the causative drug. A less frequent, albeit significant manifestation of FDE, is balanoposthitis, an inflammatory condition affecting the glans penis and prepuce. This rare case report explores the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and therapeutic management of FDE-induced balanoposthitis in a 34-year-old male patient who developed this condition following azithromycin administration to treat a pulmonary infection. The patient's distinctive symptoms, coupled with a medical history of similar antibiotic-induced reactions, pointed strongly towards an FDE diagnosis. Management entailed immediate discontinuation of the offending drug and initiation of symptomatic treatment, culminating in a positive therapeutic outcome. This case illuminates the potential of commonly prescribed medications, such as antibiotics, to incite balanoposthitis via FDE. It underscores the critical need for healthcare professionals to include FDE in their differential diagnosis for balanoposthitis, especially when patient exposure to high-risk medications is evident. Furthermore, the report emphasizes the pressing requirement for additional research to elucidate the pathogenesis of FDE-induced balanoposthitis and to devise effective therapeutic and preventive measures.

Automatic co-design of light field display system based on simulated annealing algorithm and visual simulation.

Accurate, fast, and reliable modeling and optimization methods play a crucial role in designing light field display (LFD) system. Here, an automatic co-design method of LFD system based on simulated annealing and visual simulation is proposed. The process of LFD content acquisition and optical reconstruction are modeled and simulated, the objective function for evaluating the display effect of the LFD system is established according to the simulation results. In case of maximum objective function, the simulated annealing optimization method is used to find the optimal parameters of the LFD system. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed through optical experiments.

Parallel multi-view polygon rasterization for 3D light field display.

Three-dimensional (3D) light field displays require samples of image data captured from a large number of regularly spaced camera images to produce a 3D image. Generally, it is inefficient to generate these images sequentially because a large number of rendering operations are repeated in different viewpoints. The current 3D image generation algorithm with traditional single viewpoint computer graphics techniques is not sufficiently well suited to the task of generating images for the light field displays. A highly parallel multi-view polygon rasterization (PMR) algorithm for 3D multi-view image generation is presented. Based on the coherence of the triangular rasterization calculation among different viewpoints, the related rasterization algorithms including primitive setup, plane function, and barycentric coordinate interpolation in the screen space are derived. To verify the proposed algorithm, a hierarchical soft rendering pipeline with GPU is designed and implemented. Several groups of images of 3D objects are used to verify the performance of the PMR method, and the correct 3D light field image can be achieved in real time.

Backward ray tracing based high-speed visual simulation for light field display and experimental verification.

The exiting simulation method is not capable of achieving three-dimensional (3D) display result of the light field display (LFD) directly, which is important for design and optimization. Here, a high-speed visual simulation method to calculate the 3D image light field distribution is presented. Based on the backward ray tracing technique (BRT), the geometric and optical models of the LFD are constructed. The display result images are obtained, and the field of view angle (FOV) and depth of field (DOF) can be estimated, which are consistent with theoretical results and experimental results. The simulation time is 1s when the number of sampling rays is 3840×2160×100, and the computational speed of the method is at least 1000 times faster than that of the traditional physics-based renderer. A prototype was fabricated to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed method. From the results, our simulation method shows good potential for predicting the displayed image of the LFD for various positions of the observer's eye with sufficient calculation speed.

Real-time optical 3D reconstruction based on Monte Carlo integration and recurrent CNNs denoising with the 3D light field display.

A general integral imaging generation method based on the path-traced Monte Carlo (MC) method and recurrent convolutional neural networks denoising is presented. According to the optical layer structure of the three-dimensional (3D) light field display, screen pixels are encoded to specific viewpoints, then the directional rays are cast from viewpoints to screen pixels to preform the path integral. In the process of the integral, advanced illumination is used for high-quality elemental image array (EIA) generation. Recurrent convolutional neural networks are implemented as an auxiliary post-processing for the EIA to eliminate the noise of the 3D image in MC integration. 4K (3840 × 2160) resolution, 2 sample/pixel and the ray path tracing method are realized in the experiment. Experimental results demonstrate that the structural similarity metric (SSIM) value and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) gain of the reconstructed 3D image and target 3D image exceed 90% and 10 dB within 10 frames, respectively. Besides, real-time frame rate is more than 30 fps, showing the super efficiency and quality in optical 3D reconstruction.

High-efficient computer-generated integral imaging based on the backward ray-tracing technique and optical reconstruction.

A high-efficient computer-generated integral imaging (CGII) method is presented based on the backward ray-tracing technique. In traditional CGII methods, the total rendering time is long, because a large number of cameras are established in the virtual world. The ray origin and the ray direction for every pixel in elemental image array are calculated with the backward ray-tracing technique, and the total rendering time can be noticeably reduced. The method is suitable to create high quality integral image without the pseudoscopic problem. Real time and non-real time CGII rendering images and optical reconstruction are demonstrated, and the effectiveness is verified with different types of 3D object models. Real time optical reconstruction with 90 × 90 viewpoints and the frame rate above 40 fps for the CGII 3D display are realized without the pseudoscopic problem.