Wheelchair driving strategies: A comparison between standard joystick and gaze-based control.

This paper aims to evaluate and compare the driving performances achieved with a power wheelchair using a standard joystick versus a novel gaze-based technology. The gaze-based interface, called RoboEYE, involves a novel paradigm of computer interaction that handles the receipt of information from an eye tracker, using it as a continuous input for wheelchair navigation. A pool of 36 subjects has tested both technologies in a circuit designed considering the Wheelchair Skill Test. The experimental analysis involved evaluations of specific metrics of motion and the submission of questionnaires to collect required information about perceived feelings and mental workload. The joystick proved to be the best driving interface. It turned out to be more accurate and efficient than the gaze-based solution. However, the latter achieved only small differences in driving kinematics. These differences can be considered negligible from an operational point of view, offering a driving experience similar to that achievable with the joystick. Testers reported no particular stress, fatigue, or frustration when switching from one interface to another. These elements suggest that the proposed gaze-based solution is an appropriate alternative for a technology transition driven by a pathological change in the user's condition.

Neuro-physical rehabilitation by means of novel touch technologies.

In this work, we present the results of collaboration between an engineering department and a rehabilitation hospital in using innovative touch interfaces properly designed for both neurocognitive and physical rehabilitation. The novel touch interface also measures force, thereby enabling dexterity training through 'direct' manipulation of virtual objects in 3D. Two dimensions are recorded via touch screen, the third by the force channel. We believe that this tool could increase the degree of effectiveness of traditional rehabilitation treatments thanks to its capability to merge physical and cognitive rehabilitation. Furthermore, the exergames implemented allow an easy personalization of the exercise structure and difficulty level. The effectiveness of the FP technology compared with more traditional methods of rehabilitation is measured according to specific parameters observed in an experimental group in comparison with a control group.

Force and touch make video games 'serious' for dexterity rehabilitation.

Computerized interfaces are able to represent 3D immersive simulations. Most of them make use of joystick, mouse, gloves, or grasp pressure transducers. Those have the drawback of 'filtering' the user interaction and/or de-locate the touch with respect to the visual stimulus. To overcome this we developed dexterity rehabilitation games on a novel touch interface that measures also force. The system allows dexterity training through 'direct' manipulation of virtual objects in 3D. Two dimensions via the touch screen, the third by the force channel. Tactile feedback is provided with a vibration device mounted on the screen back.