[Database application for information on post-surgical evolution after functional neurosurgery]. / Programa de base de datos sobre evolución posquirúrgica de la neurocirugía funcional.

INTRODUCTION: A series of quantitative scales have been established internationally to evaluate the functional state of patients affected by movement disorders, such as Parkinson s disease. The values of these parameters offered by each patient, measured at different moments during his or her illness, allow us to conduct studies into their evolution as well as perform statistical studies about the casuistics. AIM. To provide a tool that enables us to study this vast amount of material in an efficient, sure and, above all, automated manner. Materials and methods. We selected the most interesting variables from the international protocols. We also designed and developed a database application for use under the Windows environment using Delphi 3.0 language and compiler and Structured Query Language. RESULTS: We designed, developed and validated a database system so as to be able to handle automatically the information on the clinical evolution of patients who had undergone functional neurosurgery. This system not only enables us to collect all relevant pre and post surgical information but also allows fast searches and selection, data processing using descriptive statistical techniques and the exportation of the data in a standard format. The system, which also allows final double blind clinical evaluation of each patient to be performed, has been used successfully in the Movement Disorders Clinic at the CIREN for over three years. CONCLUSIONS: This system allows for a considerable saving in the amount of time and effort needed for the post surgical evolution of patients, while also increasing the reliability of the results obtained.

[Direct approach to carotid cavernosa fistula type of arterio venous dural malformation. Case report and review of the literature]. / Abordaje directo de la malformaci n arteriovenosa dural tipo fistula carotidacavernosa. Presentaci n de un caso y revisi n de la literatura.

OBJECTIVES: Barrow's D type carotid cavernosa fistula (FCC) with progressive symptoms and in whom endovascular procedures have failed meet criteria for a direct approach. We report a case of this type of vascular lesion in whom partial endovascular embolization was done together with a direct approach to the FCC, using a method of localization involving a transoperative imaging guide. Digital subtraction angiography and Estereoflex stereotactic system was used. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A female patient had had a previous minor head injury. She had a progressive neurological disorder with marked visual defect, and had been diagnosed on angiography as having FCC with afferents from branches of the internal carotid artery (ACI) and external carotid artery (ACE). After failure of endovascular treatment orbito zygomatic craniotomy was done with extra intradural dissection and exposure of the antero lateral triangle of the cavernous sinus (SC). The fistula was closed completely by anterior packing with the venous component. Transoperative stereotactic angiographic checks were done to localize and control the packing. CONCLUSIONS: The Barrow's type D FCC in which embolization treatment has failed may be treated using a direct approach to the anterolateral triangle of the SC. The AC1 remained permeable, fistula was occluded and there was minimal morbidity.

[Stereotaxic microsurgical resection of intracranial tumors guided by imaging and assisted by computer]. / Resección microquirúrgica estereotáxica de tumores intracraneales guiada por imagen y asistida por computadora.

INTRODUCTION: The microsurgical techniques for resection of intracranial lesions are limited where anatomical references do not exist or cannot be used as guides in the dissection of deeply located lesions or in more superficial eloquent areas. The stereotaxic guide, guided by imaging gives precise volumetric and geometric definition in intracranial lesions. Its application in the resection of intracranial tumors has special characteristics due to their biological condition and varied localization. OBJECTIVES: Spatial orientation during surgery is essential. We show this application of stereotaxic surgery in the Centro Internacional de Restauración Neurológica (CIREN) in La Havana, Cuba, between May 1994 and February 1988, describing 65 microsurgical operations done using stereotaxis in 62 patients with intracranial cerebral tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The procedure was divided into three stages: acquiring an image, computerized axial tomography and surgical planning, with the STASSIS planning system and microsurgical procedures, including systems of stereotaxis: Leksell, Micromar and Estereoflex. RESULTS: Of the total, 27 of these patients had glial tumors, 33 non-glial tumors and only 2 had non-neoplastic lesions of different sites and sizes. A total of 30 resections were done. Surgical morbidity was minimal and there was no surgical mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The main advantages of this method are: exact localization of the site for craniotomy, easy spatial orientation and ease in distinguishing the delimitation between the tumour and the healthy tissue. It has been shown that Estereoflex may be used in cerebral microsurgery.

[Automatic anatomic-physiologic correspondence of deep structures of the central nervous system in stereotaxic functional neurosurgery]. / Automatización de la correlación anatomofisiológica de las estructuras profundas del sistema nervioso central en la neurocirugía funcional estereotáxica.

This work describes in detail the graphic facilities of a neurosurgical deep recording system for the anatomic-physiologic analysis of central nervous system deep structures in stereotaxic function neurosurgery guided by deep semi-microrecordings of the brain, as developed by the International Center of Neurologic Restoration in Cuba. This system for digitization of electrical activity in the brain uses an IBM-compatible 80386/80486 microprocessor in place of analog equipment for the visualization and recording of signals, thereby providing easier manipulation of recorded data and greater flexibility of analysis. The system automatically integrates each pulse recorded and quantifies its average amplitude. For each brain region explored, the behavior of the integrated activity recorded can be displayed on the corresponding sagittal view from the cerebral atlas of Schaltenbrand-Wahren, and then automatically scaled to the anatomic dimensions of each patient. The picture, with its different options, Facilitates analysis of anatomic correspondence of deep electrophysiologic signals so the various structures, nuclei and specific neuronal groups can be precisely located in the patient's brain. To date the system has been used successfully in over 110 neurosurgical procedures ventral intermedios (vim)-thalamotomy, pallidotomy, subthalotomy and neurotransplantation, providing more certain location of lesions or grafting sites for managing symptoms in Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders.

Automatización de la correlación anatomofisiológica de las estructuras profundas del sistema nervioso central en la neurocirugía funcional estereotóxica / Automatic anatomic-physiologic correspondence of deep structures of the central nervous system in stereotaxic functional neurosurgery

Este trabajo describe en detalle las facilidades gráficas que brinda el sistema de programas NDRS (Neurosurgical Deep Recording System) para el análisis anatomofisiológico de las estructuras profundas del sistema nervioso central en la neurocirugía funcional estereotóxica guiada por semimicrorregistros profundos del cerebro, desarrollado en el Centro Internacional de Restauración Neurológica de Cuba. Este sistema de registro y procesamiento digital de la actividad eléctrica cerebral, además de permitir la sustitución con un microordenador personal 80386/80486 IBM compatible, del equipamiento electrónico de procesamiento analógico, visualización, y grabación de las señales, brinda una mayor facilidad para la manipulación de la información registrada y una mayor flexibilidad para la implementación de diferentes tipos de análisis de las señales. El sistema, como una de sus posibilidades, realiza automáticamente un proceso de integración de cada señal registrada, como cuantificación de su amplitud general. El comportamiento de esta actividad integrada puede ser mostrado a lo largo de cada trayectoria explorada dentro del cerebro, sobre la correspondiente vista sagital del atlas cerebral de Schaltenbrand-Wahren, después de una escala automática del mismo según las dimensiones automáticas de cada paciente. Este gráfico, con sus diferentes opciones, facilita el análisis de la correlaciøn anatómica de los registros electrofisiológicos profundos realizados para localizar la ubicación exacta, dentro del cerebro de cada paciente, de sus diferentes estructuras, núcleos y grupos neuronales específicos. Hasta el presente, este sistema ha sido utilizado con éxito en más de 110 intervenciones neuroquirúrgicas de núcleo ventral intermedio-talamotomías, palidotomías, subtalamotomías y neurotrasplantes, contribuyendo a aumentar la seguridad en la correcta selección de los lugares de lesión o implante para el control de los diferentes síntomas de la enfermedad de Parkinson y otros movimientos anormale