Application of the SeDeM system for the preparation of antiparasitic tablets from mesquite flour for use in sheep.

The use of herbal medicine to treat various diseases is becoming increasingly important as an alternative therapy. Numerous plants have been traditionally used for different purposes, including antiparasitic in humans and animals. Diseases caused by gastrointestinal parasites in ruminants, especially by the nematode Haemonchus contortus, cause large economic losses to the producers, whether by complications of the diseases or the cost of treatment. The main way of handling nematodiasis is by administering anthelmintic drugs, but their excessive use has the disadvantage of causing drug resistance; therefore, an alternative is the use of herbal medicine for this purpose. Mesquite (Prosopis spp.) has been used in Mexico to treat gastrointestinal diseases attributed to helminths. The present study aimed to characterize the rheological properties of mesquite flour using the SeDeM Expert System to determine its suitability for tablet production by direct compression. Direct compression technology facilitates the tableting process by reducing manufacturing costs. The results of the present study indicate that mesquite flour can be processed by direct compression. The latter could allow the manufacturing of economic tablets to treat infections by H. contortus in ruminants.

Nucleic Acid Delivery Nanotechnologies for In Vivo Cell Programming.

In medicine, it is desirable for clinicians to be able to restore function and imbue novel function into selected cells for therapy and disease prevention. Cells damaged by disease, injury, or aging could be programmed to restore normal or lost functions, such as retinal cells in inherited blindness and neuronal cells in Alzheimer's disease. Cells could also be genetically programmed with novel functions such as immune cells expressing synthetic chimeric antigen receptors for immunotherapy. Furthermore, knockdown or modification of risk factor proteins can mitigate disease development. Currently, nucleic acids are emerging as a versatile and potent therapeutic modality for achieving this cellular programming. In this review, we highlight the latest developments in nanobiomaterials-based nucleic acid therapeutics for cellular programming from a biomaterial design and delivery perspective and how to overcome barriers to their clinical translation to benefit patients.

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) to determine cut-off points of clinical and biomolecular markers to discriminate mortality in severe COVID-19 living at high altitude.

BACKGROUND: In 2020, Ecuador had one of the highest death rates because of COVID-19. The role of clinical and biomolecular markers in COVID disease prognosis, is still not well supported by available data. In order for these markers to have practical application in clinical decision-making regarding patient treatment and prognosis, it is necessary to know an optimal cut-off point, taking into consideration ethnic differences and geographic conditions. AIM: To determine the value of clinical and biomolecular markers, to predict mortality of patients with severe COVID-19 living at high altitude. METHODS: In this study, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, area under the curve (AUC) of ROC, sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratios were calculated to determine levels of clinical and biomolecular markers that best differentiate survivors versus non-survivors in severe COVID subjects that live at a high altitude setting. RESULTS: Selected cut-off values for ferritin (≥ 1225 ng/dl, p = 0.026), IL-6 (≥ 11 pg/ml, p = 0.005) and NLR (≥ 22, p = 0.008) at 24 h, as well as PaFiO2 (≤ 164 mmHg, p = 0.015), NLR (≥ 16, p = p = 0.013) and SOFA (≥ 6, p = 0.031) at 72 h, appear to have good discriminating power to differentiate survivors versus non-survivors. Additionally, odds ratios for ferritin (OR = 3.38); IL-6 (OR = 17.07); PaFiO2 (OR = 4.61); NLR 24 h (OR = 4.95); NLR 72 h (OR = 4.46), and SOFA (OR = 3.77) indicate increased risk of mortality when cut-off points were taken into consideration. CONCLUSIONS: We proposed a straightforward and understandable method to identify dichotomized levels of clinical and biomolecular markers that can discriminate between survivors and non-survivors patients with severe COVID-19 living at high altitudes.

A Case Report of Iliopsoas Abscess Secondary to Small Bowel Fistula.

Iliopsoas abscesses (IPAs) are rare infections in the musculature that can be difficult to diagnose due to nonspecific presentations. These abscesses are most commonly caused by either the hematogenous spread of a separate infectious source in the body or secondary to Crohn's disease and are typically treated with antibiotic therapy and percutaneous drainage. For cases complicated by bowel disease, multiloculated psoas abscess, or gas-forming organisms, surgical drainage may be indicated. We present the case of an 81-year-old female with a history of colon cancer status post-cecum resection who presented with back pain, thigh pain, and constipation. Computerized tomography imaging showed concurrent small bowel obstruction and a right IPA extending down to the right thigh. Laparoscopic exploration revealed a small bowel fistulization to the right iliopsoas as the source of infection. Resection of the small bowel and surgical incision and drainage of the abscess were necessary for her treatment. The patient was discharged with vacuum-assisted closure of her wound after a hospital course complicated with chronic diarrhea. Bowel fistulization should be considered a potential cause of IPAs in patients with a complicated gastrointestinal history.

Ansiedad en pasantes de enfermería durante la pandemia COVID-19 en instituciones de salud en Tepic, Nayarit / Anxiety in nursing trainees during the COVID-19 pandemic in health institutions in Tepic, Nayarit

Introducción: la enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19), causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2, es una enfermedad respiratoria que provoca fiebre, tos y falta de aliento. Puede presentarse de moderada a grave, pudiendo provocar la muerte. En marzo del 2020 se declaró la pandemia por COVID-19 que se ha considerado un problema de salud pública grave a nivel mundial. Objetivo: determinar la incidencia y nivel de ansiedad en pasantes de enfermería en instituciones de segundo nivel de atención en tiempos de pandemia por COVID-19 en México. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, comparativo y transversal en una muestra probabilística por conglomerados de 94 estudiantes de enfermería. Para obtener la información se utilizó el Cuestionario de Estado-Rasgo de Hamilton, integrado por 14 ítems. Los resultados pueden variar desde 14 (no ansiedad) hasta 56 (ansiedad grave), a mayor puntaje, se consideró que existe un mayor nivel de ansiedad. La comparación entre instituciones se llevó a cabo con una ANOVA de Kruskal-Wallis a un nivel de significación de 0.05. Resultados: de los 94 estudiantes el 80.9% presenta ansiedad en alguno de sus tres niveles. El 9.6% (9) presenta nivel grave de ansiedad, el 18.1% (17) nivel leve, el 53.2% (50) nivel moderado, y solo el 19.1% (18) no presenta ansiedad. Conclusiones: de las tres instituciones de salud, existe mayor ansiedad en el personal de la Secretaría de Salud de Nayarit. El nivel de ansiedad que más incide es el de ansiedad moderada.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is a respiratory disease that causes fever, cough and shortness of breath. It can be moderate to severe, and can cause death. In March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic was declared, and it has been considered a serious public health problem worldwide. Objective: To determine the incidence and level of anxiety in nursing students in second level care institutions in times of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. Methodology: Descriptive, comparative and cross-sectional study in a probabilistic cluster sample of 94 nursing students. To obtain the information, the Hamilton State-Trait Questionnaire, made up of 14 items, was used. The results can vary from 14 (no anxiety) to 56 (severe anxiety), the higher the score, the higher the level of anxiety. The comparison between institutions was carried out with a Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA at a significance level of 0.05. Results: Of the 94 students, 80.9% present anxiety in one of its three levels. 9.6% (9) present a severe level of anxiety, 18.1% (17) a mild level, 53.2% (50) a moderate level, and only 19.1% (18) do not present anxiety. Conclusions: Of the three health institutions, there is greater anxiety in the staff of the Secretaría de Salud de Nayarit. The level of anxiety that most affects is moderate anxiety.

Experiencias de duelo del personal de salud durante la pandemia por Covid-19 en Chile / Grief experiences of health personnel during the Covid-19 pandemic in Chile

Objetivo principal: Comprender experiencias de duelo en equipos de salud durante la pandemia. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo con enfoque fenomenológico. Muestreo por conveniencia en personal de salud de unidades críticas en hospitales chilenos. Datos obtenidos mediante entrevistas en profundidad, modalidad online. Análisis de datos temático según Max Van Manen. Se contó con aprobación por Comité de Ética Científico. Resultados principales: Se obtuvieron seis temas principales: Familia, Muerte en pandemia, Emociones y sentimientos, Afrontamiento, Condiciones laborales y Espiritualidad. Conclusión principal: La experiencia de duelo en pandemia generó transformaciones en el contexto laboral, individual y grupal, de los equipos de salud. La muerte de los pacientes derivó en la reflexión sobre la humanización del cuidado y repensar procesos clínicos. El apoyo psicológico y espiritual son medidas de autocuidado que deben relevarse en el personal de salud para afrontar el duelo.(AU)

Objective: To understand grieving experiences in health teams during the pandemic. Methods: Qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. Convenience sampling in health personnel workers at Critical Units in Chile. Data obtained by in-depth interviews in online modality. Thematic data analysis according to Max Van Manen was done. Approval was obtained at the Scientific Ethics Committee. Results: The main themes obtained were Family, Death in a pandemic, Emotions and feelings, Coping, Working conditions and Spirituality. Conclusion: The experience of bereavement during pandemic generated transformations in the work context of the health teams and to individual and group level. The death of patients led to reflection about of the humanization of care and to rethinking clinical processes. Psychological and spiritual support are self-care actions that must be enphatice by health personnel to deal with grief.(AU)

Correlación entre conductas sobre sexting y dependencia al móvil en estudiantes de enfermería / Correlation between sexting behaviors and mobile phone dependency in nursing students

Introducción. El sexting se define como el envío de contenido erótico o pornográfico a través de dispositivos digitales; es un término de uso cotidiano, cuya práctica puede traer efectos positivos, y por otro lado riesgos para la salud sexual y mental en quienes lo practican. En lo que respecta a la dependencia al móvil, esta práctica se ha incrementado en estudiantes universitarios, quienes tienen la necesidad de crear, compartir y descargar contenidos. Ambos fenómenos tienen factores en común que pueden significar una relación no explorada.Objetivo. Determinar la correlación entre las conductas sobre el sexting y la dependencia al móvil en estudiantes de enfermería.Metodología. Estudio observacional, transversal y correlacional, con muestreo no probabilístico a conveniencia que incluyó estudiantes del grado en enfermería en una universidad pública de México, se utilizó la correlación de Pearson y Spearman sobre los resultados de los totales y componentes de los instrumentos: conductas sobre sexting y Test de Dependencia al móvil.Resultados. Con 300 participantes, se reporta que el 64.7% declara haber participado en el sexting a través de mensajes de texto, compartir imágenes, entre otras formas de participación; por otro lado, en cuanto a la dependencia al móvil el 96.3% se encontraba en una dependencia media y alta. Al comparar las sumatorias finales de cada instrumento se obtiene una correlación positiva con r.=0.166, p<0.050.Conclusión. Una correlación positiva entre el sexting y la dependencia al móvil es un primer indicador para explorar a profundidad los factores en común que predisponen y que pueden derivar de ambos fenómenos en la población joven. (AU)

Introduction. Sexting is defined as the sending of erotic or pornographic content through digital devices; It’s a term of daily use whose practice may bring positive effects, and on the other hand risks for sexual and mental health as shown in different studies. Regarding mobile dependency, this practice has increased in university students, who need to create, share, and download content. Both phenomena have factors in common that may signify an unexplored relationship. Objective. To determine the correlation between sexting behaviors mobile phone dependency in nursing college students. Methodology. This is an observational, cross-sectional, and correlational study, with a non-probabilistic convenience sampling method that included undergraduate nursing students at a public university in Mexico, the Pearson and Spearman correlation was used on the results of the totals and components of the instruments: behaviors on sexting and Mobile Dependency Test. Results. With 300 participants, it is reported that 64.7% declare having participated in sexting through text messages, sharing images, among other forms of participation; On the other hand, in terms of mobile phone dependency, 96.3% were in a medium and high dependency. When comparing the final summations of each instrument, a positive correlation is obtained with r.=0.166, p<0.050. Conclusion. A positive correlation between sexting and mobile phone dependency is the first indicator to explore in-depth the common factors that predispose and that can derive from both phenomena in the young population. (AU)

Lesiones de punta de dedo: experiencia en el manejo en los últimos 5 años en un centro pediátrico / Fingertip injuries: experience in handling the last 5 years in a pediatric center

Las lesiones de punta de dedo son comunes en pacientes pediátricos que acuden a salas de Emergencia; son causadas por accidentes en el hogar y con aplastamiento en puerta como principal mecanismo de trauma. El tratamiento se realiza individualizado por cirujanos plásticos y cirujanos pediátricos en dependencia de la herida y el compromiso tisular. El propósito de este estudio es describir el manejo de pacientes con lesiones de punta de dedo en un centro pediátrico. Se realizó un análisis de historias clínicas en el período entre enero 2015 y diciembre 2020, se evaluaron 228 pacientes atendidos en el Hospital de Niños Dr. Roberto Gilbert Elizalde, en Guayaquil, Ecuador. Los resultados incluyen un predominio de pacientes en edad preescolar (67%), masculinos (56%) y de mano derecha (53%). Los dedos más afectados fueron el medio y anular. Los procedimientos fueron realizados por cirujanos plásticos (55%) y la técnica electiva fue bajo anestesia general. La extensión del daño involucró tejidos blandos (92%), avulsión de uña (29%) y fracturas asociadas (15%). El 3% de los pacientes presentó complicaciones que requirieron seguimiento. El tipo de reparo se seleccionó en dependencia de la extensión de la herida, se realizaron suturas simples (37%) y suturas complejas con reparo de la uña (27%). Nuestros datos son similares a los descritos en la literatura internacional, con buenos resultados a largo plazo, menor tasa de complicaciones y respuestas similares en los reparos realizados por cirujanos plásticos y cirujanos pediatras.

Fingertip injuries are common in pediatric patients who present to the emergency room. They are usually caused by accidents at home, being door-crush the main mechanism. Treatment is performed on an individual basis, by a Plastic or General Pediatric Surgeon, according to the wound findings and tissue involvement. The purpose of this study is to describe the management on a pediatric center in patients with a fingertip wound. A descriptive and retrospective analysis of medical records was carried out from January 2015 until December 2020. In this period 228 patients were seen in the Dr. Roberto Gilbert Elizalde Children´s Hospital in Guayaquil, Ecuador. A high incidence was found in the preschool age with 67% of cases. The injuries were more common in males (56 %) and more predominant on the right hand (53%). The most affected fingers were the middle and annular. Procedures were mostly performed by Pediatric Surgeons (55%) and the elective technique was under general anesthesia. Damage extension of the fingertip included soft tissues in 92% of patients, nail avulsion in 29% and associated fractures in 15%. Only 3% of patients developed complications that required follow up. The type of repair was selected according to the extension of the injury. Mostly simple sutures (37%) and complex sutures with nail repair (27%)were used.Our data is similar to the one found in international literature, with good long-term outcomes, minor complications and similar results when the repair was performed by a Plastic or Pediatric surgeon

Development of a High-Throughput Calcium Mobilization Assay for CCR6 Receptor Coupled to Hydrolase Activity Readout.

CCR6 is a chemokine receptor highly implicated in inflammatory diseases and could be a potential therapeutic target; however, no therapeutic agents targeting CCR6 have progressed into clinical evaluation. Development of a high-throughput screening assay for CCR6 should facilitate the identification of novel compounds against CCR6. To develop a cell-based assay, RBL-2H3 cells were transfected with plasmids encoding ß-hexosaminidase and CCR6. Intracellular calcium mobilization of transfected cells was measured with a fluorescent substrate using the activity of released hexosaminidase as readout of the assay. This stable, transfected cell showed a specific signal to the background ratio of 19.1 with low variability of the signal along the time. The assay was validated and optimized for high-throughput screening. The cell-based calcium mobilization assay responded to the specific CCR6 ligand, CCL20, in a dose-dependent manner with an EC50 value of 10.72 nM. Furthermore, the assay was deemed robust and reproducible with a Z' factor of 0.63 and a signal window of 7.75. We have established a cell-based high-throughput calcium mobilization assay for CCR6 receptor. This assay monitors calcium mobilization, due to CCR6h activation by CCL20, using hexosaminidase activity as readout. This assay was proved to be robust, easy to automate and could be used as method for screening of CCR6 modulators.

Dependencia al móvil y consumo de sustancias en estudiantes de enfermería / Mobile dependence and substance use in nursing students

Introducción: el uso de teléfonos inteligentes se ha asociado significativamente con una disminución para el aprendizaje y las tareas relacionadas con el trabajo, incluidas aquellas tareas asociadas con el entorno de atención sanitaria. En México el uso de dispositivos móviles ha aumentado exponencialmente y se ha estimado hasta un 75% de los encuestados poseen algún grado de atención a estos dispositivos. Asimismo, la dependencia a estos dispositivos ha sido asociada con adicción a sustancias como el alcohol, tabaco, marihuana entre otros. En el ámbito sociosanitario puede afectar el desempeño mental, la concentración en la realización de los cuidados y en general para los estudiantes de enfermería presentar distracciones en la práctica. Objetivo: identificar el nivel de dependencia al teléfono móvil y relacionarlo con conductas de riesgo como la adicción a sustancias legales e ilegales. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, transversal y observacional. Resultados: el 84.3% manifiesta que alguna persona cercana a el lo ha llamado dependiente al teléfono móvil, el 74% se encontraba en dependencia media y el 22.3% en una dependencia alta, se encontraron asociaciones mediante Rho y OR, con el consumo de alcohol, tabaco y otras drogas. Conclusión: la dependencia al teléfono móvil en estudiantes se caracterizó en general como un nivel medio y alto y se encontraron correlaciones positivas para el consumo de tabaco y de otras drogas[AU]

Introduction: smartphone use has been significantly associated with a decline in learning and work-related tasks, including those tasks associated with the healthcare environment. In Mexico, the use of mobile devices has increased exponentially, and it has been estimated that up to 75% of those surveyed have some degree of attention to these devices. Likewise, dependence on these devices has been associated with addiction to substances such as alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, among others. In the socio-sanitary field, it can affect mental performance, concentration in the realization of care and in general for nursing students present distractions in practice. Objective. Identify the level of dependence on the mobile phone and relate it to risk behaviors such as addiction to legal and illegal substances. Methodology. Descriptive, cross-sectional, and observational study. Results. 84.3% state that someone close to them has called them dependent on the mobile phone, 74% were in medium dependence and 22.3% in high dependence, associations were found through Rho and OR, with the consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs. Conclusion. Mobile phone dependence in students was generally characterized as a medium and high NE | 05level and positive correlations were found for tobacco and other drug use[AU]

Introdução: o uso de smartphone foi significativamente associado a um declínio no aprendizado e nas tarefas relacionadas ao trabalho, incluindo aquelas associadas ao ambiente de saúde. No México, o uso de dispositivos móveis aumentou exponencialmente e estima-se que até 75% dos pesquisados têm algum grau de atenção a esses dispositivos. Da mesma forma, a dependência desses dispositivos tem sido associada à dependência de substâncias como álcool, tabaco, maconha, entre outras. No campo sociossanitário, pode afetar o desempenho mental, a concentração na realização do cuidado e em geral para os alunos de enfermagem apresentarem distrações na prática. Objetivo. Identifique o nível de dependência do telefone celular e relacione-o a comportamentos de risco, como dependência de substâncias legais e ilegais. Metodologia. Estudo descritivo, transversal e observacional. Resultados. 84,3% afirmam que alguém próximo os chamou de dependente do celular, 74% estavam em média dependência e 22,3% em alta dependência, foram encontradas associações por meio de Rho e OR, com o consumo de álcool, tabaco e outras drogas. Conclusão. A dependência de telefone celular em estudantes foi geralmente caracterizada como um nível médio e alto e foram encontradas correlações positivas para o uso de tabaco e outras drogas[AU]

Amino terminal recognition by a CCR6 chemokine receptor antibody blocks CCL20 signaling and IL-17 expression via ß-arrestin.

BACKGROUND: CCR6 chemokine receptor is an important target in inflammatory diseases. Th17 cells express CCR6 and a number of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-17 and IL-22, which are involved in the propagation of inflammatory immune responses. CCR6 antagonist would be a potential treatment for inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis or rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of this study is to develop an antagonistic monoclonal antibody (mAb) against human CCR6 receptor (hCCR6). RESULTS: We generate monoclonal antibodies against hCCR6 immunizing Balb/c mice with hCCR6 overexpressing cells. The antibodies were tested by flow cytometry for specific binding to hCCR6, cloned by limiting dilution and resulted in the isolation and purification monoclonal antibody 1C6. By ELISA and flow cytometry, was determined that the antibody obtained binds to hCCR6 N-terminal domain. The ability of 1C6 to neutralize hCCR6 signaling was tested and we determined that 1C6 antibody were able to block response in ß-arrestin recruitment assay with IC50 10.23 nM, but did not inhibit calcium mobilization. In addition, we found in a chemotaxis assay that 1C6 reduces the migration of hCCR6 cells to their ligand CCL20. Finally, we determined by RT-qPCR that the expression of IL-17A in Th17 cells treated with 1C6 was inhibited. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, we applied whole cell immunization for successfully obtain an antibody that is capable to neutralize hCCR6 signaling and to reduce hCCR6 cells migration and IL-17 expression. These results provide an efficient approach to obtain therapeutic potential antibodies in the treatment of CCR6-mediated inflammatory diseases.

Conflictos bioéticos en la formación de profesionales con discapacidad / Bioethical conflicts in the training of professionals with disabilities / Conflitos bioéticos na formação de profissionais com deficiência

Resumen La discapacidad presenta un incremento significativo en todo el mundo, afectando principalmente a poblaciones vulnerables, como la de los jóvenes, que presentan peores resultados académicos y de salud en comparación con personas sin discapacidad. El objetivo del artículo es analizar los conflictos éticos que subyacen a la formación de estudiantes con discapacidad del área de la salud, particularmente en enfermería, que realizan prácticas en escenarios clínicos en donde los usuarios requieren cuidados de calidad. Como metodología se propone el análisis bioético de una situación de conflicto. El artigo concluye que es necesario desarrollar políticas que incluyan a los estudiantes con discapacidad en la educación superior.

Abstract Disability presents a significant increase worldwide, mainly affecting vulnerable populations, such as young people, who have worse academic and health outcomes, compared with able bodied peope. There are international conventions that guide the inclusion of students with disabilities, at the academic level and curriculum. This article analyzes the ethical conflicts that underlie the higher education training of professionals with disabilities in the area of health, particularly nursing, and who work in clinical environments where users require care quality. As a methodology, the bioethical analysis is proposed focused on the background review on disability - situation of bioethical conflict - and the proposal to address the conflict situation according to bioethical discernment. Important efforts are required at the level of educational policies to properly include students with disabilities at the higher education.

Resumo A deficiência apresenta um aumento significativo em todo o mundo, afetando principalmente populações vulneráveis, entre as quais se destacam jovens que apresentam os piores resultados acadêmicos e de saúde, em comparação a pessoas sem deficiência. Existem convenções internacionais que orientam a inclusão de estudantes com deficiência nos campos acadêmico e curricular. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os conflitos éticos subjacentes à formação de profissionais do ensino superior portadores de deficiência, que estudam na área da saúde, particularmente na área de enfermagem, e trabalham em ambientes clínicos onde os usuários necessitam de cuidados de qualidade. Como metodologia, propõe-se a análise bioética com foco na revisão dos antecedentes da deficiência - situação de conflito bioético - e a proposta de enfrentar a situação de conflito segundo o discernimento bioético. São necessários esforços importantes ao nível das políticas educacionais que incentivam a inclusão dos estudantes com deficiência no ensino superior.

Factores relacionados y conductas sobre sexting en estudiantes de enfermería en una universidad pública / Behaviors and related factors about sexting among nursing students in a public college Fatores relacionados e comportamentos sobre sexting em discentes de enfermagem em uma universidade pública / Fatores relacionados e comportamentos sobre sexting em discentes de enfermagem em uma universidade pública

Introducción. El sexting se define como el envío de contenido erótico o pornográfico a través de dispositivos digitales, comúnmente el móvil o smartphone, como una expresión de sexualidad cada vez más frecuente, y a pesar de que este fenómeno puede tener lugar con efectos positivos en quienes lo practican, existe muy poca evidencia relacionada con los mecanismos de participación, los motivos que conllevan, la percepción de las consecuencias, entre otros. Algunos autores lo han relacionado con factores como el consumo de sustancias, la promiscuidad y el nivel socioeconómico. Método. Estudio observacional, transversal y relacional, que incluyó a 300 estudiantes universitarios de enfermería, a través de un muestreo no probabilístico a conveniencia, en el que se aplicaron dos instrumentos, la escala de conductas sobre sexting y el instrumento de nivel socioeconómico familiar NSE AMAI. Resultados. El 64,7 % declara haber participado en prácticas de sexting, de los cuales el 26,2 % publicó una imagen suya a través de sus redes sociales, el 13,9 % declaró realizarlo cuando bebe alcohol y el 43,8 % reportó que es falso que el sexting los hace sentir inmorales. Se encontraron relaciones de prevalencia e intensidad del sexting con el nivel socioeconómico y la vida sexual activa. Conclusión. Al entender los distintos factores que predominan en esta práctica se pueden desarrollar diferentes intervenciones contextualizadas en los grupos poblacionales de riesgo, que sean accesibles por ambas partes, lo que permite una libre expresión de la sexualidad sin comprometer la seguridad de las personas.

Introduction: Sexting is defined as sending erotic or pornographic contents through digital devices, usually cell phone or smartphone, which is becoming an increasingly frequent sexual expression. In spite of the fact that it may occur with positive effects for those who do it, there is scarce evidence related to the participation mechanism, the reason driving them, the perception of consequences, among others. Some authors have related sexting to substances use, promiscuity and socioeconomic level. Methods: It is a relational, cross-sectional and observational study including 300 college students of nursing through a non probabilistic sampling using two instruments, the sexting behavioral scale and the family income-level instrument NSE AMAI. Results: Among the students, 64.7 % stated to have participated in sexting, 26.2% stated to have posted his/her picture in the social media, 13.9% stated to do sexting while been drunk and, 43,8% deemed as false that sexting would make them feel immoral. Prevalence and intensity relationship were found between sexting and income level and having an active sexual life. Conclusion: Understanding the different factors prevailing in the sexting allows developing different contextualized interventions in the risk populations groups that can be accessible to both ends. This would allow the free expression of one's sexuality without endangering the people's safety.

Introdução. O sexting é definido como o envio de conteúdos eróticos ou pornográcos através de dispositivos digitais, normalmente celulares ou smartphones, como uma expressão cada vez mais frequente da sexualidade e, apesar de este fenómeno ocorrer com efeitos positivos na pratica, há muito pouca evidência relacionada com os mecanismos de participação, os motivos que acarretam, a percepção das consequências, entre outros. Alguns autores o relacionam a fatores como uso de sustâncias, promiscuidade e nível socioeconómico. Método. Estudo observacional, transversal e relacional que incluiu 300 discentes universitários de enfermagem, através de amostragem não probabilística a conveniência, no que foram aplicados dois instrumentos, a escala de conduta sobre sexting e o instrumento de nível socioeconómico familiar NSE AMAI. Resultados. 64,7% declararam ter participado em práticas de sexting, dos quais 26,2% publicaram uma imagem sua através das suas redes sociais, 13,9% declararam fazê-lo quando ingerem álcool e 43,8% relataram que é falso que o sexting os faça sentir imorais. Encontraram-se relações de prevalência e intensidade do sexting com o nível socioeconómico e a vida sexual ativa. Conclusão. Ao compreender os diferentes fatores que predominam nesta prática podem se desenvolver diferentes intervenções contextualizadas nos grupos populacionais de risco acessíveis por ambas as partes, o que permite uma livre expressão da sexualidade sem comprometer a segurança das pessoas.

Bicontinuous microemulsion as confined reaction media for the synthesis of plasmonic silver self-assembled hierarchical superstructures.

Plasmonic superstructures may concentrate hot spots both on the external surface and within the inner gaps of the assembly. However, these materials are usually obtained by two-steps procedures from synthesis of plasmonic nanoparticles to their 3D assembly. The interconnected nano-network of water and oil channels in a bicontinuous microemulsion (BµE) may act as a preorganized reaction system giving reticulated materials. In this work, a silver hierarchical superstructure (HSS-AgCt) was obtained in the water channels of a BµE in a one-pot procedure. The characterization of the morphology and crystalline structure revealed that this superstructure is composed of silver nanoparticles embedded in polymeric silver citrate forming a 3D mesh of interconnected fibers with mean width of 30 nm. The aging of HSS-AgCt in the BµE allowed the degradation of the citrate fibers giving rise to interconnected spherical silver nanoparticles (HSS-Ag) of 8 nm as measured from TEM images. Rhodamine 6-G was detected by SERS up to 10-12 M with an analytical enhancement factor of 109 for both materials using a 633 nm laser operating at 0.85 mW (5% of the nominal power). These results introduce a novel route to obtain highly sensitive SERS substrates in one-pot procedures by using BµE as a nanoreactor and template.

Innovación curricular en la educación superior: Experiencias vividas por docentes en una Escuela de Enfermería / Curricular innovation in higher education: experiences lived by teachers in a school of nursing

Resumen Introducción: En las últimas décadas, en Chile, la formación profesional en enfermería ha sufrido transformaciones en sus planes de estudio, pasando de tener un currículo tradicional a uno basado en competencias, en concordancia con las actuales exigencias del mercado laboral. Objetivo: Analizar dos temáticas derivadas del estudio centrado en comprender las experiencias de vida de docentes de la Escuela de Enfermería de la Universidad Católica del Maule en Chile, sobre la innovación curricular. Materiales y métodos: Estudio fenomenológico, mediante entrevistas en profundidad, a veinte docentes que han participado en la formación de enfermeros. Muestreo por conveniencia y de acuerdo al criterio de saturación de los datos. El análisis de datos fue de tipo temático según lo propuesto por Van Manen. La investigación fue aprobada por el Comité de Ética de la institución. Resultados: Se identificó siete temas principales, dos de los cuales son analizados en este artículo: la innovación como un proceso complejo y los cambios sin cambios. Conclusiones: La transición de un currículo tradicional hacia uno basado en competencias, desde la experiencia de los docentes, implica desafíos complejos y profundos cambios, frente a los cuales, las instituciones de educación superior tienen que proporcionar las condiciones para facilitar dicho proceso.

Abstract Introduction: In recent decades, in Chile, vocational training in nursing has undergone transformations in their study plans, moving from having a traditional curriculum to one based on competencies, in accordance with the current demands of the labor market. Objective: To analyze two topics derived from the study focused on understanding the life experiences of teachers in a Nursing School on the curricular innovation. Materials and methods: A phenomenological study through in-depth interviews was conducted to twenty teachers, who have participated in the training of nurses. Sampling for convenience was done according to the data saturation criterion. The data analysis was thematic type as proposed by Van Manen. The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the institution. Results: Seven main themes were identified, two of which are analyzed in this article: innovation as a complex process and unchanged changes. Conclusions: The transition from a traditional curriculum to one based on competences, from the experience of teachers, implies complex challenges and profound changes; considering this, higher education institutions have to provide the conditions to facilitate such a process.

Monitoring modifiable risk factors for breast cancer: an obligation for health professionals.

SYNOPSIS Worldwide, breast cancer is the most common disease in women and constitutes the second leading cause of cancer death in this population. The factors that contribute to the risk of occurrence are divided into nonmodifiable and modifiable factors. Although there are interventions in primary care to prevent the disease, these measures have not produced the desired changes in women's health. This article reviews the major modifiable risk factors for breast cancer and describes how these factors can affect the incidence of cancer in women. This information shows that modifiable risk factors (such as physical activity, diet, obesity, and use of alcohol and tobacco) can influence the occurrence of breast cancer, in part depending on the life stage of a woman, including menopausal status. Timely prevention at the primary care level is one of the most important areas on which health professionals need to focus in order to help reduce the incidence of breast cancer.

Monitoring modifiable risk factors for breast cancer: an obligation for health professionals / Monitoreo de fatores de riesgo modificables para cancer de mama: una obligación para profesionales de salud / Monitoramento de fatores de risco modificáveis para câncer de mama: uma obrigação dos profissionais de saúde

Worldwide, breast cancer is the most common disease in women and constitutes the second leading cause of cancer death in this population. The factors that contribute to the risk of occurrence are divided into nonmodifiable and modifiable factors. Although there are interventions in primary care to prevent the disease, these measures have not produced the desired changes in women’s health. This article reviews the major modifiable risk factors for breast cancer and describes how these factors can affect the incidence of cancer in women. This information shows that modifiable risk factors (such as physical activity, diet, obesity, and use of alcohol and tobacco) can influence the occurrence of breast cancer, in part depending on the life stage of a woman, including menopausal status. Timely prevention at the primary care level is one of the most important areas on which health professionals need to focus in order to help reduce the incidence of breast cancer.

En todo el mundo, el cáncer de mama es la enfermedad que afecta con más frecuencia a las mujeres y la constituye la segunda causa principal de muerte por cáncer en esta población. Entre los factores responsables del riesgo de cáncer se distinguen los no modificables y los modificables. Aunque hay intervenciones de atención primaria destinadas a prevenir la enfermedad, estas medidas no han logrado los cambios deseados en la salud de la mujer. En este artículo se examinan los principales factores de riesgo de cáncer de mama que son modificables y se describe el modo en que estos factores influyen en la incidencia del cáncer femenino. La información contenida en este artículo demuestra que los factores de riesgo modificables (como la actividad física, la alimentación, la obesidad y el consumo de alcohol y tabaco) determinan la aparición del cáncer de mama y están parcialmente ligados a la fase de la vida en la que se encuentra la mujer, como el estado menopáusico. La prevención oportuna como parte de la atención primaria es una de las áreas más importantes en las que tienen que centrarse los profesionales de la salud para ayudar a reducir la incidencia del cáncer de mama.

O câncer de mama é a doença mais comum em mulheres em todo o mundo e constitui a segunda principal causa de morte por câncer nesta população. Os fatores que contribuem para o risco da ocorrência de câncer são divididos em modificáveis e não modificáveis. Embora existam intervenções na atenção primária para prevenir a doença, essas medidas não têm surtido as mudanças pretendidas na saúde da mulher. Este artigo examina os principais fatores de risco modificáveis para o câncer de mama e descreve como esses fatores podem ter efeito na incidência do câncer em mulheres. Os dados indicam que os fatores de risco modificáveis (como atividade física, alimentação, obesidade e uso de álcool e tabaco) podem influenciar a ocorrência do câncer de mama, dependendo em parte do estágio de vida da mulher, inclusive na fase da menopausa. A prevenção oportuna ao nível primário de atenção é uma das áreas mais importantes em que os profissionais da saúde devem se concentrar para reduzir a incidência do câncer de mama.

Nivel de seguridad percibida por el paciente de hemodiálisis crónica / Perceived safety level by the patient on chronic hemodialysis

Introducción: Son múltiples las publicaciones que abordan los riesgos hospitalarios, sin embargo escasas las investigaciones que estudian eventos adversos en las unidades de diálisis desde la percepción de los pacientes. Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de seguridad percibido por el paciente durante la sesión hemodiálisis. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, donde participaron 44 pacientes. Al no encontrar ninguna escala validada se autodiseño una a partir de 3 escalas validadas que miden calidad, satisfacción y factores de estrés, elaborando un instrumento de 40 ítems. Resultados: Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y estratificado por edad y años en hemodiálisis. El 100% de los encuestados se sienten seguros durante la sesión de hemodiálisis. En relación con la calidad de los cuidados y la percepción de los mismos todos los ítems consiguen una puntuación superior al tres sobre cinco. En cuanto a la educación un 63% le gustaría recibir más educación aunque un 70% afirma saber actuar ante las complicaciones. En el listado de factores de estrés, obtienen puntuaciones mayores las complicaciones del acceso vascular, el tiempo conectado a la máquina, el transporte y temperatura de la sala. Conclusión: La calidad de los cuidados enfermeros percibidos obtiene una buena satisfacción. En cuanto a los factores estresantes creemos que se podría llevar a cabo intervenciones enfermeras para disminuirlos, realizando actividades educativas y lúdicas intradiálisis, todo ello para aumentar la seguridad, y la calidad de los cuidados (AU)

Introduction: There are multiple publications addressing hospital risks, however, manuscripts studying adverse events in dialysis units from the perception of patients are scarce. Objective: To assess the perceived safety level by the patient during hemodialysis session. Material and Methods: A descriptive study in which 44 patients participated. Not finding in the literature any validated scale, a scale from 3 others validated, which measured the quality, satisfaction and stress factors, was elaborated, obtaining an instrument of 40 items. Results: A descriptive analysis was performed and stratified by age and years on hemodialysis. 100% of respondents feel safe during hemodialysis session. Regarding to the quality of care and the perception of them, all items get a superior three out of five score. With respect to education, 63% of patients would like more education while 70% claimed to know to act before complications. In the list of stressors, they get higher scores on vascular access complications, time connected to the machine, transportation and room temperature. Conclusion: The perceived quality of nursing care gets a good satisfaction. With respect to the obtained stressors, we believe that nursing interventions could carry out to reduce them, conducting intradialytic educational and recreational activities with the aim of increasing safety and quality of care (AU)

Intervención educativa en el estado nutricional y conocimiento sobre alimentación y actividad física en escolares / Educational intervention on nutritional status and knowledge on diet and physical activity in school children

Resumen:

Introducción: actualmente, la obesidad a nivel internacional, nacional y regional forma parte importante de un desafío por resolver.

Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de una intervención educativa en el estado nutricional y el nivel de conocimientos sobre alimentación y actividad física en escolares.

Metodología: estudio cuasiexperimental en una muestra de 12 escuelas, se seleccionó por muestreo aleatorio simple a 368 escolares para valorar el estado nutricional y a 352 escolares para medir el nivel de conocimientos.

Resultados: la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad se presentó en ambos sexos en 43.3% antes y 44% después de la intervención, con mayor prevalencia en niños. Hubo diferencia significativa del IMC en el grupo control y en las niñas del grupo de estudio. Después de la intervención, aumento en 83.5% el nivel de conocimientos sobre nutrición en el grupo de estudio y 263.4% en el grupo control. La intervención educativa logró disminuir los índices de peso bajo, pero incrementó el sobrepeso y la obesidad.

Conclusiones: La intervención educativa puede ser efectiva para incrementar conocimientos en nutrición e inducir a los niños a modificaciones significativas en los hábitos de salud. Se sugiere mayor participación de los padres para lograr mejores resultados.

Abstract:

Introduction: Currently obesity at international, national and regional levels is an important part of a challenge to solve.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention in the nutritional status and knowledge level about food and physical activity in school.

Methodology: Quantitative study, descriptive, cross-sectional, quasi-experimental. The sample consisted of 368 schoolchildren from 12 schools in the nutritional status. For the knowledge level the sample was 352 students, it was a simple random sampling using the formula for finite populations. RESULTS: The results showed that the educational intervention was able to reduce the rates of low birth weight but increased overweight and obesity. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was present in both male and females, it was 43.3% before the intervention to 44% post-intervention, manifesting mostly in boys than in girls. The T-tests indicated significant differences in the IMC in the control group and in girls in the study group, but no significant difference ¡n the study group were found in children. The level of nutrition knowledge after the educational intervention increased proportionally by 83.59% for the study group and 263.44% in the control group. Conclusions: The educational intervention can be effective in increasing knowledge of nutrition and induce children to significant changes in health habits. Greater parental involvement is suggested for best results.