Dilatación y fisuras anales: ¿abuso sexual? / Dilation and anal fissures: sexual abuse?

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Tumor de Wilms bilateral metacrónico / Metachronous bilateral Wilms' tumor

La incidencia del tumor de Wilms bilateral es entre el 5 y 10% de los casos de nefroblastoma. La forma metacrónica representa el 2-3%. El 96,2% de las formas metacrónicas aparecen durante los primeros 5 años tras el tumor primario. Las malformaciones asociadas son más frecuentes en las formas bilaterales. La aparición de un tumor metacrónico constituye una dificultad terapéutica. Se describe el caso de una niña de 11 años con hemihipertrofia izquierda diagnosticada de recidiva metacrónica de tumor de Wilms tras 7 años del primer diagnóstico. Recibió 5 ciclos de quimioterapia preoperatoria. Se realizó tumerectomía. Por complicación posquirúrgica se realizó nefrectomía del único riñón. La paciente se encuentra en insuficiencia renal crónica por su condición de anéfrica, dependiente de hemodiálisis. Se continuó el tratamiento posquirúrgico con carboplatino y etopósido. Actualmente se encuentra en remisión completa. Es excepcional la presentación de las formas metacrónicas del tumor de Wilms después de los primeros 5 años del tumor primitivo. Cuando aparece el tumor contralateral la quimioterapia debe mantenerse hasta conseguir la reducción del tamaño tumoral para poder preservar la función renal y evitar la diálisis. En los casos de insuficiencia renal crónica secundaria a una nefrectomía bilateral la elección de los quimioterápicos efectivos y el conocimiento de la farmacocinética y farmacodinámica de éstos hace posible continuar el tratamiento en estos pacientes con el soporte adecuado de hemodiálisis (AU)

[Metachronous bilateral Wilms' tumor]. / Tumor de Wilms bilateral metacrónico.

Wilms' tumor occurs in 5-10 % of all cases of nephroblastoma. The metachronous form represents 2-3 % of cases. Most (96.2 %) metachronous tumors appear within the first 5 years of the primary tumor. Associated malformations are more common in bilateral cases. Metachronous tumors are a therapeutic challenge. We describe the case of an 11-year-old girl with left hemihypertrophy. The diagnosis was metachronous relapse of Wilms' tumor 7 years after the first diagnosis. The patient received five courses of preoperative chemotherapy and tumorectomy was performed. Because of post-surgical complications, nephrectomy was performed on her only kidney. Since she is anephric, the patient is in chronic renal failure and is dependent on dialysis. Treatment with carboplatin and etoposide was continued after surgery and the patient is currently in complete remission. The appearance of a metachronous Wilms' tumor 5 years after that of the primary tumor is rare. When a contralateral tumour develops, chemotherapy must be given until the size of the tumor is reduced in order to preserve renal function and avoid dialysis. In patients with chronic renal failure caused by bilateral nephrectomy, ongoing treatment with dialysis support can be achieved through the choice of effective drugs and knowledge of their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

[Home parenteral nutrition in the management of patients with chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction]. / Nutrición parenteral domiciliaria en el manejo de pacientes con pseudoobstrucción intestinal crónica idiopática.

Home parenteral nutrition is indicated in all those patients who are unable to cover all their needs orally or enterally during prolonged periods of time, and who do not require any other general care other than the parenteral nutrition. Our objective is to prove the use of home parenteral nutrition as a nutritional support in patients with severe forms of chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. In our unit, three patients with this disease, have received home parenteral nutrition between 1993 and the present date. One patient received it during four months, with the catheter being removed due to a fungemia. At present she is being maintained with oral and enteral nutrition. The other two patients continue in the program: one since October 93 and the other since July 94. The hydroelectric alterations caused during the episodes of sub-occlusion make more frequent changes in the composition of the parenteral nutrition necessary, compared to other types of patients. The low incidence of complications and the degree of acceptance by the patient makes this technique an ideal method for the long term nutritional support.