Factores predictores de resultado en tratamiento de tabaquismo en población de adultos mayores de la Comunidad Valenciana / Predictors of smoking treatment outcome in a population of older adults in the Valencian Community

El consumo de tabaco es uno de los más importantes factores de riesgo de enfermedad y muerte en España. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue investigar las características epidemiológicas de 239pacientes fumadores mayores de 50 años en una unidad hospitalaria de deshabituación de tabaco, así como analizar los principales factores predictores que pueden influir en sus intentos de cese a losdoce meses. Es un estudio analítico transversal con tratamiento multicomponente combinando terapia psicológica e intervención farmacológica. Para comparar el éxito de abandono de los pacientes yconocer los posibles factores predictores, se llevó a cabo un análisis multivariante y de regresión logística binaria. De todos los pacientes, el 49,7% estableció el día D y la tasa de abandono final fue de 41,4%. Los predictores de intentos de abandono significativos fueron: índice paquetes-año entre 30 y 60, valor de cooximetría ≤ 10ppm, con una o más veces de intentos previos, tiempo máximo de cese superior a tres meses y grado alto en el test de Richmond. La escala de Minnesota con un valor inferior a 5 puntos fue el único predictor de abstinencia puntual a los doce meses. Los pacientes que consumieron menos tabaco y manifestaron intentos previos y alto grado de motivación tuvieron mayor posibilidad de tomar la decisión con éxito para dejar de fumar. Además, controlar el síndrome de abstinencia fue el aspecto más importante para tratar y reducir la tasa de recaída. (AU)

Tobacco consumption is one of the most important risk factors for disease and death in Spain. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of 239 smoking patients over 50 years of age in a hospital smoking cessation unit, as well as to analyse the main predictors that may influence their cessation attempts at 12 months. It is a cross-sectional analytical study with multicomponent treatment combining psychological therapy and pharmacological intervention. A multivariate and binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to compare patients’ cessation success and to identify possible predictors. Of all patients, 49.7% established D-day and the final quit rate was 41.4%. Significant predictors of quit attempts were: pack-year index between 30 and 60, cooximetry value ≤ 10ppm, with one or more times of previous attempts, maximum cessation time greater than three months and high grade on the Richmond test. The Minnesota scale with a value of less than 5 points was the only predictor of timely abstinence at 12 months. Patients who used less tobacco and reported previous attempts and high motivation were more likely to make a successful decision to quit smoking. In addition, controlling the withdrawal syndrome was the most important aspect to treat and reduce the relapse rate. (AU)

Predictors of Health Satisfaction in Spanish Physically Active Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.

Studies that analyze the predictors of satisfaction with the health of the elderly are scarce. That is the reason why the objective of this study is to analyze whether the physical-psychological state, sports practice, and the use of socio-health resources are factors that predict satisfaction with health status in physically active elderly people. The Physical Activity and Quality of Life questionnaires were applied to a sample of 397 elderly people in this cross-sectional observational study. The data have been analyzed using Student's t-test chi-square test, Cohen's d, Phi Coefficient and Cramer's V. The results have shown that the lack of physical illnesses (OR = 3.920; p < 0.001) and psychological problems (OR = 1.940; p = 0.032), practicing a high level of physical activity (OR = 2.049; p = 0.001), having high scores in functional skills (OR = 8.059; p < 0.001) and using little social and health services (OR = 2.595; p < 0.001) are all predictors of being highly satisfied with one's health. In conclusion, predictors associated with high health satisfaction of active older people have been found, such as functional abilities, the existence of physical illness, psychological problems, level of physical activity, frequency of use of health and social services and satisfaction with health and social services; but it is not associated with gender or age of participants.

Vaccine Hesitancy on Social Media: Sentiment Analysis from June 2011 to April 2019.

Vaccine hesitancy was one of the ten major threats to global health in 2019, according to the World Health Organisation. Nowadays, social media has an important role in the spread of information, misinformation, and disinformation about vaccines. Monitoring vaccine-related conversations on social media could help us to identify the factors that contribute to vaccine confidence in each historical period and geographical area. We used a hybrid approach to perform an opinion-mining analysis on 1,499,227 vaccine-related tweets published on Twitter from 1st June 2011 to 30th April 2019. Our algorithm classified 69.36% of the tweets as neutral, 21.78% as positive, and 8.86% as negative. The percentage of neutral tweets showed a decreasing tendency, while the proportion of positive and negative tweets increased over time. Peaks in positive tweets were observed every April. The proportion of positive tweets was significantly higher in the middle of the week and decreased during weekends. Negative tweets followed the opposite pattern. Among users with ≥2 tweets, 91.83% had a homogeneous polarised discourse. Positive tweets were more prevalent in Switzerland (71.43%). Negative tweets were most common in the Netherlands (15.53%), Canada (11.32%), Japan (10.74%), and the United States (10.49%). Opinion mining is potentially useful to monitor online vaccine-related concerns and adapt vaccine promotion strategies accordingly.

Estilos de vida, adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, características antropométricas en un colectivo de universitarios de ciencias de la salud / Lifestyle, adherence to Mediterranean diet, anthropometric characteristics in a group of university health sciences students

Fundamentos: Los estudiantes universitarios viven importantes cambios de estilo de vida, patrón de adherencia a dieta mediterránea y estado nutricional. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer las características de estos factores en universitarios valencianos y las asociaciones de estos entre sí. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal en estudiantes universitarios de 18 a 27 años. Se evaluaron las características de estilos de vida, valores antropométricos, por género y edad, así como la asociación entre ellos mediante análisis descriptivo univariante y bivariante, incluyendo el test de U-Mann Whitney y la correlación de Spearman. Resultados: Entre los 682 estudiantes estudiados hay una baja prevalencia de obesidad (1,5%). Las mujeres presentan mayor nivel de consumo de tabaco (32,5%), mientras que los hombres muestran mayores frecuencias en la falta de desayuno (7,1%). Asimismo, el grupo de menores de 23 años destaca por una baja adherencia a la dieta mediterránea. Se observó una correlación positiva entre IMC, consumo de tabaco (p=0,001) y adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (p<0,0001). Existe correlación negativa entre IMC y frecuencia de desayuno (p=0,007), almuerzo (p=0,002) y merienda (p=0,006). Conclusiones: Los alumnos universitarios presentan mayoritariamente un IMC adecuado con baja prevalencia de obesidad. Existe margen de mejora en la adherencia a dieta mediterránea, en el hábito de desayuno y en los estilos de vida saludable (AU)

Background: University students are facing important changes of lifestyle, the pattern of adherence to Mediterranean Diet and nutritional status. The objective of this study was to know the characteristics of these factors implemented in university students of Valencia and their associations. Methods: A cross-sectional study on University students aged 18 to 27 years. We evaluated the characteristics of lifestyles and anthropometric values by gender and age and the association between them by univariate and bivariate analysis, including the Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman correlations. Results: Of a total of 682 students we observed a low prevalence of obesity (1.5%). Women presented higher levels of tobacco consumption (32.5%), while men were more prone to skip breakfast showed higher frequencies in the lack of breakfast (7.1%). The younger age group (≤23) had a lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet. A positive correlation was observed between BMI, smoking (p=0.001) and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (p< 0.0001). There is also negative correlation between BMI and the frequency of breakfast (p=0.007), lunch (p=0.002) and snack (p=0.006). Conclusions: The university students present mainly a suitable BMI with a low prevalence of obesity. There is room for improvement in the adherence to a Mediterranean Diet, the habit of eating breakfast and healthy lifestyles (AU)