Comparison of Shear Bond Strength and Microleakage between Activa™ Bioactive Restorative™ and Bulk-Fill Composites-An In Vitro Study.

Bioactive materials have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional restorative materials as part of more conservative dentistry. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the shear bond strength (SBS) and microleakage of a new bioactive restorative material, two bulk-fill restorative composites, and a conventional composite at 24 h, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks. Three hundred and sixty molars and premolars were divided into four groups: ACTIVA™ BioACTIVE Restorative™, Filtek™ Bulk-Fill Restorative Composite, Tetric® N-Ceram Bulk-Fill Composite, and G-aenial® Composite. The normality of the data was determined with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, then the two-way ANOVA and Fisher's test were used for analyzing SBS data, and the Kruskal-Wallis and DSCF tests were conducted to analyze the microleakage. In the SBS test, there were no statistically significant differences between materials (p = 0.587), and the relation between material and time (p = 0.467), time points showed statistically significant differences (p = 0.016). As for the microleakage, statistically significant differences were found for all three time periods (p < 0.05), showing the conventional composite to have the lowest microleakage, followed by the bioactive material, and lastly the two bulk-fill composites. In conclusion, the new bioactive material has similar evaluated properties to bulk-fill composites (bond strength) and conventional composites (bond strength and microleakage) and can be used as an alternative restorative material.

COVID-19 Lockdown: Impact on Oral Health-Related Behaviors and Practices of Portuguese and Spanish Children.

This study aimed to assess and compare the impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns on the oral health attitudes, dietary habits and access to dental care of Portuguese and Spanish children. A cross-sectional observational study involving caregivers of 3−17-year-old children who had cohabited during a COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Spain and Portugal was conducted. Caregivers completed an online anonymous questionnaire. Aiming groups comparison, chi-square test was used for qualitative variables. 770 surveys were obtained. Significant changes in the children's routine were higher in Portugal (p < 0.001). Both countries showed a large percentage of children who had between 2−3 snacks between meals (p < 0.001) and a higher consumption of snacks was particularly noticed among Spanish children with untreated dental caries during the lockdown (p = 0.003). Most caregivers reported children's oral hygiene habits did not suffer noteworthy alterations (p = 0.417), although parental supervision of toothbrushing was associated with dental attendance during the lockdown. The majority of the sample had no dental attendance during confinement. Confinement appears to have not markedly affected the oral health status and habits of the majority of these children, although an important impact of some demographic and behavioral factors upon dietary and oral care/habits was detected.

Effects of Orthodontic Functional Appliances in Relation to Skeletal Maturation of Cervical Vertebrae In Class II Malocclusion.

AIM: To evaluate the effects produced by functional orthodontic appliances at dental and skeletal level in relation to the level of skeletal maturation in class II patients Study design: Longitudinal and observational study Patients selected for the study had been wearing Sander Bite Jumping Appliance (SBJA) for at least 12 months; they were first diagnosed (T1) with skeletal class II according to Ricketts' cephalometric analysis, and had had lateral cephalograms taken before and after orthopaedic treatment (T2). Variables studied at T1 and T2 were: facial convexity, inclination of the upper and lower incisors, and facial depth. Results were compared between T1 and T2 for each variable and in relation to cervical maturation stage (CVS) according to the Lamparski analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using Shapiro-Wilk, t-student, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparison tests, taking as statistically significant a p-value <0.05. RESULTS: A final sample of 235 patients was obtained. Statistically significant differences were found in the inclination of the mandibular incisors between T1 and T2 and among the different cervical stages when the functional appliances were placed in CVS1 (p = 0.000), CVS2 (p = 0.04) or CVS5 (p = 0.048). For the remaining variables, significant differences were also found between T1 and T2, but these differences were similar in all cervical stages. CONCLUSIONS: A significant proclination of the mandibular incisors was found when the functional appliance was placed during CVS1, CVS2, or CVS5. Time of placement of the functional appliances was not statistically significant for the remaining variables studied.

Tongue-tie: incidence and outcomes in breastfeeding after lingual frenotomy in 2333 newborns.

AIM: To determine the prevalence of ankyloglossia in newborns with breastfeeding problems and to assess the effectiveness of frenotomy in the maintenance of exclusive breastfeeding at 1 month, 3 months and 6 months in newborns at an Andorran Hospital. STUDY DESIGN: A descriptive, cross-sectional, population-based, retrospective study of newborns over a 5-year period (2016-2020) was performed. Nine medical history variables (presence or absence of ankyloglossia and type of frenulum, surgical intervention or not, first degree hereditary component, gender, Rh and blood group, type of breastfeeding, causes of cessation and duration of breastfeeding) related to perinatal and feeding history were collected confidentially and anonymously. The Coryllos classification was used for the diagnosis of ankyloglossia. Descriptive analysis of the data, Chi-square test and prevalence ratios were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 2333 newborns were included in the study (50.02% males and 49.98% females). The prevalence of ankyloglossia was 7.84% (n = 183). Of the infants examined, 136 underwent lingual frenotomy. The number of infants who maintained exclusive breastfeeding, both surgically and non-surgically treated, was no statistically significant differences at 1 month (p = 0.65), 3 months (p = 0.61) and 6 months (p = 0.49). CONCLUSIONS: Lingual frenotomy was only performed on patients with ankyloglossia associated with ineffective suction that causes BF difficulties. The realization or not of frenotomy was not a determining factor for the maintenance of breastfeeding at 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. On the contrary, it was a determining factor for the prolongation of mixed feeding. Ankyloglossia related to breastfeeding difficulties should be treated by a multidisciplinary team.

Effects of Orthodontic Functional Appliances in Relation to Skeletal Maturation of Cervical Vertebrae in Class II Malocclusion.

AIM: To evaluate the effects produced by functional orthodontic appliances at dental and skeletal level in relation to the level of skeletal maturation in class II patients. STUDY DESIGN: Longitudinal and observational study. Patients selected for the study had been wearing Sander Bite Jumping Appliance (SBJA) for at least 12 months; they were first diagnosed (T1) with skeletal class II according to Ricketts' cephalometric analysis, and had had lateral cephalograms taken before and after orthopaedic treatment (T2). Variables studied at T1 and T2 were: facial convexity, inclination of the upper and lower incisors, and facial depth. Results were compared between T1 and T2 for each variable and in relation to cervical maturation stage (CVS) according to the Lamparski analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using Shapiro-Wilk, t-student, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparison tests, taking as statistically significant a p-value <0.05. RESULTS: A final sample of 235 patients was obtained. Statistically significant differences were found in the inclination of the mandibular incisors between T1 and T2 and among the different cervical stages when the functional appliances were placed in CVS1 (p = 0.000), CVS2 (p = 0.04) or CVS5 (p = 0.048). For the remaining variables, significant differences were also found between T1 and T2, but these differences were similar in all cervical stages. CONCLUSIONS: A significant proclination of the mandibular incisors was found when the functional appliance was placed during CVS1, CVS2, or CVS5. Time of placement of the functional appliances was not statistically significant for the remaining variables studied.

Spanish and Portuguese Parental Acceptance of Behavior Management Techniques in Pediatric Dentistry.

AIM: To compare acceptance of behavior management techniques used in pediatric dentistry by Spanish and Portuguese parents. STUDY DESIGN: cross-sectional study. A survey of 8 behavior management techniques used in pediatric dentistry was administered to parents whose children were being treated at the Universitat Internacional de Cataluña (Barcelona, Spain) or at the Universidade de Coimbra (Portugal). The techniques evaluated were: tell-show-do (TSD), nitrous oxide sedation, passive restraint using a papoose board, voice control, hand-over-mouth, oral premedication, active restraint and general anaesthesia. The questionnaire also included information on parents' sex, number and sex of children receiving treatment, parents' previous dental experience (positive or negative), children's previous dental experience (positive or negative), and the socioeconomic status of the families. RESULTS: TSD and voice control were rated the most acceptable techniques in both Spain and Portugal, whereas the least accepted techniques in both countries were active and passive restraint. There were no significant differences in the acceptance of each of the techniques, in relation to parents' sex or their previous dental experience, children's sex or age, children's previous dental experience, or families' socioeconomic status. CONCLUSION: TSD was the most widely accepted behavior-management technique by Spanish and Portuguese parents, even with the passage of time. Both groups of parents had a low opinion of active and passive restraint techniques.

Relationship between the order of permanent tooth eruption and the predominance of motor function laterality: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: To assess whether the order of permanent tooth eruption may be a useful indicator of motor function laterality. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study in schoolchildren aged 6-8 years old evaluated in the annual school-based routine dental health examinations conducted by the staff of the primary care centre of an urban district in Barcelona, Spain. We also evaluated hand, foot, eye, and auditory lateralities using a battery of simple exercises. Bivariate and multivariate analysis of data was performed. RESULTS: The study sample included 388 children, 51.3% female, with a mean age of 6.5 years. Right laterality was the predominant side in every variable under study, especially in tooth eruption (310 children; 80%), handedness (349; 89.9%), and footedness (337; 86.8%). In the bivariate analysis, we found a statistically significant association of tooth eruption laterality with handedness and footedness, and of tooth eruption laterality with ocular and auditory lateralities (p<.001). In the multivariate analysis, tooth eruption laterality and foot laterality were independent variables significantly associated with hand laterality. The diagnostic accuracy of tooth eruption laterality and foot laterality in relation to hand laterality as reference, showed a similar sensitivity and positive and negative predictive values, but the specificity of dentition laterality was higher (79% versus 66%). CONCLUSIONS: Laterality in the order of dental eruption is a useful indicator of right or left motor function laterality in developing individuals that may be particularly helpful to determine the main dominance in cases of crossed laterality.

Correlación entre el patrón de erupción de la dentición definitiva y la predominancia de la lateralidad de la función motriz: un estudio transversal / Relationship between the order of permanent tooth eruption and the predominance of motor function laterality: A cross-sectional study

Objetivos: Evaluar si el orden de la erupción dental es un buen indicador de la lateralidad motora.Métodos: Estudio transversal en escolares de ambos sexos de 6 a 8 años tratados mediante las revisiones orales rutinarias anuales realizadas en los colegios incluidos en un área de atención primaria urbana en Barcelona (España). También se evaluaron las lateralidades de manos, pies, ojos y oídos mediante una serie de ejercicios simples. Se realizaron análisis bivariantes y multivariantes de los datos.Resultados: La muestra comprendió 388 escolares, 51,3% niñas, con una edad media de 6,5 años. La lateralidad derecha predominó en todas las variables de estudio, especialmente en la dentición (310 escolares; 80%), la mano (349; 89,9%) y el pie (337; 86.8%). En el estudio bivariante se observó una asociación estadísticamente significativa (p <0,001) entre la lateralidad de la dentición y la de la mano y el pie, así como entre la lateralidad de la dentición y las lateralidades de oído y de ojo. En el estudio multivariante, las lateralidades de la dentición y del pie se asociaron significativamente a la lateralidad de la mano. En lo concerniente a la precisión de la lateralidad de la dentición y del pie como prueba diagnóstica de la lateralidad de la mano, ambas mostraron una sensibilidad y valores predictivos positivos y negativos similares, pero la especificidad de la lateralidad de la dentición fue mayor (79% vs. 66%).Conclusiones: La lateralidad en el orden de la erupción dental es un buen indicador para determinar la lateralidad motora durante el desarrollo, que podría ser particularmente útil para ayudar a precisar la lateralidad más predominante en casos de lateralidad cruzada. (AU)

Objectives: To assess whether the order of permanent tooth eruption may be a useful indicator of motor function laterality.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in schoolchildren aged 6 to 8 years old evaluated in the annual school-based routine dental health examinations conducted by the staff of the primary care centre of an urban district in Barcelona, Spain. We also evaluated hand, foot, eye, and auditory lateralities using a series of simple exercises. Bivariate and multivariate analysis of data was performed.Results: The study sample included 388 children, 51.3% female, with a mean age of 6.5 years. Right laterality was the predominant side in every variable under study, especially in tooth eruption (310 children; 80%), handedness (349; 89.9%), and footedness (337; 86.8%). In the bivariate analysis, we found a statistically significant association of tooth eruption laterality with handedness and footedness, an of tooth eruption laterality with ocular and auditory lateralities (P<.001). In the multivariate analysis, tooth eruption laterality and foot laterality were independent variables significantly associated with hand laterality. The diagnostic accuracy of tooth eruption laterality and foot laterality in relation to hand laterality as reference, showed a similar sensitivity and positive and negative predictive values, but the specificity of dentition laterality was higher (79% versus 66%).Conclusions: Laterality in the order of dental eruption is a useful indicator of right or left motor function laterality in developing individuals that may be particularly helpful to determine the main dominance in cases of crossed laterality. (AU)

Microfiltración, penetración e influencia de la técnica de aplicación de los selladores de fosas y fisuras. Revisión de la literatura / No disponible

El proceso de sellado oclusal, se refiere a la adhesión mecánica de un material sellador a la superficie del esmalte; se deben cumplir determinadas características físicas que le permitan mantenerse en óptimas condiciones en la cavidad oral. Existen factores que juegan un papel importante en el éxito de dicho tratamiento, como son: la técnica, la calidad del material sellador, el grabado y el sistema de adhesión. La microfiltración, penetrabilidad y adhesión son características independientes ya que si se logra una excelente penetrabilidad y adhesión no habrá microfiltración. El objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica es conocer la influencia de la preparación del diente, el tipo de sellador, la capacidad de penetración y adhesión en la fisura dental (AU)

Occlusal sealing process, refers to the mechanical adhesion of a sealant material to the surface of the enamel; must meet certainphysical characteristics that allow it to remain in optimum conditions in the oral cavity. There are factors which play an important role in the success of the treatment, such as: quality of the sealant material, etching, and adhesion system. Microleakage, penetration and adhesion characteristics are independent and that if there isan excellent penetration and adhesion will not microleakage. The purpose of this review is to ascertain the influence of tooth preparation, the type of sealant, the adhesion and penetration capacity in the dental fissure (AU)

Comportamiento de los compómeros en restauraciones de molares temporales. Revisión de la literatura / No disponible

La actual demanda de tratamientos estéticos y mínimamente invasivosen odontología, han provocado un incremento en el uso derestauraciones adhesivas.Los compómeros o resinas modificadas con componentes poliacídicos(RMCP) son materiales híbridos, donde el componente de resinaha sido añadido al cemento de ionómero de vidrio, para mejorar suspropiedades físicas y químicas. Los compómeros podrían superaralgunas de las limitaciones del cemento de ionómero de vidrio, talescomo: control del tiempo de curado, baja fuerza mecánica, estéticadesfavorable, sensibilidad a la humedad y difícil manipulación.Estas propiedades les confieren grandes ventajas al compómero.Sin embargo, los compómeros no presentan la reacción ácido-basetradicional observada en el cemento de ionómero de vidrio. La resistenciaal desgaste y las propiedades mecánicas de los compómerosson generalmente bajas en comparación con las de las resinas, perodichos materiales actúan como un reservorio permanente de flúor,previniendo la desmineralización y provocando la remineralización.El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una revisión bibliográficapara conocer cuales son las propiedades, composición y evaluaciónclínica del compómero; evaluar la polimerización, absorción del agua,microfiltración, actividad antibacterial y liberación de flúor llevadasa cabo por el mismo material (AU)

The current demand for aesthetic treatments and minimally invasivedentistry, which avoids removal of healthy dental tissue, increasesthe placement of adhesive tooth-colored restorations. At present,there is a vast range of adhesive materials available for clinicians.Compomers or polyacid-modified resin composites are hybridmaterials where resinous components have been added to glassionomer cements to improve their mechanical properties and bondstrength. Compomers could overcome some of the limitations ofglass ionomer cements, such as control curing time, low mechanicalstrength, unsatisfactory aesthetics and moisture sensitivity, and easyhandling, which justifies their widespread use. However, compomersdo not present the traditional acid-base reaction observed in glassionomer cements. The wear resistance and mechanical properties ofcompomers are generally lower than those of composites, but theyrelease fluoride and therefore act as a fluoride reservoir, preventingdemineralization and enhancing remineralization.This article aims to present a bibliographical review to ascertain theproperties, composition and clinical evaluation of the compomer;as well as observe the aspect of polymerization, water sorption,microleakage, antibacterial activity and fluoride release carried outby the same material (AU)

Etiología del retraso de la erupción dental. Revisión bibliográfica / No disponible

La erupción dental supone el movimiento del diente en dirección axial desde su posición original en el maxilar hasta su posición funcional en la cavidad oral. Este es un proceso local y programado dentro de la edad cronológica del paciente; sin embargo, existen variaciones de la norma en cuanto al tiempo de erupción. Estas variaciones pueden ser debidas a factores locales, sistémicos o genéticos; pero en algunos casos, no existe causa conocida para el retraso de la erupción dental. En estos casos, la etiología podría deberse a alguna alteración en el proceso de erupción a nivel celular. El propósito de este artículo es realizar una revisión bibliográfica del retraso de la erupción dental, su etiología y mecanismos celulares implicados (AU)

Eruption is the axial movement of a tooth from its nonfunctional position in the boné to functional occlusion. It is a local and programmed process within the chronologic age of the patient but there are variations in time of eruption. These variations may be caused by local, systemic or genetic factors but there are many cases in which cause of delayed tooth erupcion is unknown. In these cases, the etiology may be acelular alteration during tooth eruption. The purpose of these study is make a review of the etiology of delayed tooth eruption (AU)

Prevalencia de caries de primera infancia en una población de 2–6 años de edad / No disponible

Introducción: Anteriormente, se solía culpar al uso inapropiado del biberón como causante de la caries dental de la primera infancia. Sin embargo, ahora se sabe que la caries dental es el producto de una combinación de tres factores: 1. microorganismo cariogénico (streptococcus mutans); 2. carbohidratos fermentables; 3. susceptibilidad del diente. Igualmente, se debe considerar como agente causal de este tipo de caries a una alimentación inadecuada que presente una exposición abundante y frecuente de hidratos de carbono refinados, especialmente con el biberón durante el sueño. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia y factores relacionados con la caries de primera infancia de las historias clínicas de pacientes explorados por el Máster de Odontopediatría Integral de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, durante el periodo 2002-2006.Material y métodos: Se revisaron 1495 historias clínicas de la Clínica Odontológica Universitaria. Realizamos una recogida de los siguientes datos: edad, nacionalidad, hábitos alimenticios e higiene dental. Resultados: Se obtuvo una prevalencia de caries de primera infancia del 4.24% (21 historias clínicas). Respecto a la edad, los resultados fueron que dentro de los pacientes afectos por esta enfermedad, el grupo de 2 años fue el que presentó el porcentaje más bajo. En relación a los hábitos de higiene oral, el 0% de la muestra presentó buen hábito, el 9.52% regular y el 90.48% malo. Conclusiones: El 4.24% de la población estudiada presentó caries de primera infancia y el 90.76% restante, no presentaba esta patología. Según nuestro estudio, la ingesta alta de carbohidratos está relacionada con la caries de primera infancia, destacando entre los alimentos que más consumen los niños afectos por esta enfermedad: golosinas, zumos envasados y bollería. Por último, la relación caries-hábitos de higiene no es algo nuevo y debe ser potenciado en cualquier programa educativo y de prevención (AU)

Background: Previously, specialists used to blame the misuse of the bottle as the cause of dental decay in early childhood. But now we know that dental decay is a product combination of three factors: 1. cariogenic microorganisms (Streptococcus mutans); 2. fermentable carbohydrates; 3. tooth susceptibility. Among the primary causative factors we should be consider an abundant and frequent exposure of refined carbohydrates, especially with the bottle, during sleep. Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors related to early childhood caries from the medical records of patients who visited the Master of Pediatric Dentistry from the International University of Catalonia, during the period 2002-2006.Material and methods: 1495 clinical records of the University Dental Clinic were reviewed. A data collection of: age, nationality, food habits and dental hygiene was conducted. Results: We found a prevalence of early childhood of 4,24% (21 medical histories), regarding the age the results were 2,76% in children 2 years and 23.81% in children 5 years. The results regarding oral hygiene habits were that the 0% of the sample showed good, 9,52% regular and 90,48% low. Conclusions: 4,24% of the population under study presented early childhood caries, and 90,76% did not present this pathology. According to our study high intake of carbohydrates is related to early childhood caries, among the most prevalent food intake children referred: candy, packaged juices and pastries. We can conclude that the relationship caries-hygiene habits are not new and should be enhanced in any educational program and prevention (AU)

Aplicaciones clínicas del MTA en odontopediatría / No disponible

Desde su aparición en 1993, numerosos artículos han sido publicados en la literatura describiendo las distintas utilidades del MTA enodontología. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una revisión de las principales publicaciones aparecidas respecto a este material y de esta forma, poder clarificar y describir sus aplicaciones en la práctica clínica odontopediátrica (AU)

From its appearance in 1993, numerous articles have been published in literature describing the different utilities from MTA in dentistry. The objective of this article is to make a revision of main publications appeared with respect to this material and of this form, to be able to clarify and to describe to its applications in pediatric dentistry clinical practice (AU)

Dique de goma en odontopediatría: comodidad del paciente / No disponible

La Odontopediatría es compleja porque requiere la colaboración del paciente infantil, que a veces es difícil de conseguir; por ello, son necesarios una serie de elementos y estrategias para conseguir trabajar de forma más sencilla, rápida y que la experiencia dental sea agradable para el paciente. Consideramos que el dique de goma podría plantearse como una de estas estrategias. El dique puede mejorar el nivel de cooperación por parte del paciente infantil, además de conseguir las mejores condiciones de aislamiento para un campo operatorio seco, con mejor acceso y visibilidad (AU)

Pediatric Dentistry is complex because it requires cooperation from the child, which sometimes it's difficult to achieve; because of that, certain elements and strategies are requiered to work quicker, easier and with nice experience for the patient. We consider that rubber damm could be seen as one of these strategies. Rubber damm can improve the child's level of cooperation, besides, it achives moisture control in the operatory field, better access and visibility (AU)

Mordida cruzada anterior: a propósito de uncaso / No disponible

La mordida cruzada anterior se refiere a una relación labio-lingual anormal entre uno o más dientes incisivos del maxilar superior y la mandíbula. Debe tratarse precozmente, para mejorar el entorno dentoalveolar y favorecer el crecimiento correcto de los maxilares. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 8 años y 1 mes de edad con mordida cruzada anterior en dentición mixta. Tras realizar el diagnóstico, se decide colocar una placa removible superior con resortes en11 y 21. Al mes de la colocación se observa una correcta oclusión anterior. Realizamos controles 2 meses después para evitar una posible recidiva del tratamiento (AU)

Anterior cross bite refers to an abnormal lip-lingual relation between one or more incisive teeth of the maxilla and the mandible. It must be treated at an early age, to enhance dentofacial growth and development. One case of anterior crossbite in mixed dentition is presented in a patient who is 8 years and 1 month old. After making the diagnosis, we decided to place an upper removible plate with levers in 11 and21. One month after the positioning we observe a correct anterior occlusion. We made controls 2 months later to avoid a possible recidiva of the treatment (AU)