[Stimulation of cell cultures recovery after cryopreservation by the cattle cord blood FRACTION (below 5 kDa) or Actovegin].

The capacities of the cattle cord blood low-molecular fraction (below 5 kDa) and Actovegin (the vealer blood fraction (below 5 kDa)) for recovering functions of cell cultures after cryopreservation compared. Their influence proliferation of the flozen-thawed cell cultures, certain stages of their growth, cell attachment, rate of cell spreading, and mitotic regiment has been studied. Both the cord blood low-molecular fraction and Actovegin were shown to stimulate growth of the cell cultures after cryopreservation more efficiently at the concentration of 224 µg/ml. However, despite the stimulating effect discovered, their application did not bring proliferative indices on the 1st passage after cryopreservation to the values of the native culture. The effects of the cord blood low-molecular fraction and Actovegin on the human fibroblast culture were identical by the following parameters: cell attachment, rates of cell spreading and proliferation. In culture BHK-21 clone 13/04 the efficiency of Actovegin was low, while the cord blood low-molecular fraction has a conspicuous stimulating effect on its adhesion and proliferation. The investigations carried out can serve as a basis for the development of regenerative media containing the cattle cord blood low-molecular fraction (below 5 kDa) or Actovegin as active components at the concentration of 224 µg/ml with the purpose of fast recovery of culture prolifetative properties after cryopreservation.

[The influence of the penetrating cryoprotectors on protein synthesis in the cell-free system of the rat liver].

The influence of the penetrating cryoprotector and Mg2+ ions on the protein-synthesizing activity of postmitochondrial supernantant of the rat liver as well as on aminoacylation processes has been investigated. The addition of the penetrating cryoprotectors--ethylene glycol and DMSO--resulted in the concentration-dependant reversible inhibition of the protein biosynthesis and aminoacylation reaction in the cell-free system. These cryoprotectors at low concentrations intensified the stimulating effect of Mg2+ on the cumulative protein synthesis in the cell-free system.

[Stimulatory effect of the cord blood fraction below 5 kDa and "Actovegin" on the growth of continuous cell lines].

The influence of the cattle cord blood fraction with molecular weight of components below 5 kDa on adhesive and proliferative properties of continuous cell lines BHK-21 clone q3/04 and PK-15-IECVM was investigated in comparison with the preparation "Actovegin". It was shown that adding this fraction as well as "Actovegin" to growth media did not affect the efficiency of culture attachment, promoted culture spreading, improved cell morphology and stimulated mitotic activity of the cultures. The efficiency of the cord blood fraction below 5 kDa estimated by the induces studied was found to be higher than the "Actovegin" efficiency when cells being cultivated in the media different contents of blood serum.

[Glycosaminoglycanes of cartilage tissue of rats after the mechanical trauma: the influence of low-molecular fraction from the cord blood and blood of dairy calves].

Influence of low-molecular fraction (to 5 kDa) from cord blood (FCB) compared with "Actovegin" derived from the blood of veal calves on the content of the matrix polysaccharide components from and proteins of the cartilage connecting tissue after the mechanical trauma was investigated. It is established, that intramuscular administration of FCB essentially stimulates the accumulation of the basic components of the matrix: hexosamine, uronic acid, hyaluronic acid, chondroitinsulfate and heparin, and also the most important components of structural proteins in the cartilage regenerate of the rat knee joint.

[Changes in protein composition in the goldfish tissues depending on season and temperature of keeping].

Data of SDS-electrophoresis of tissues proteins of the goldfish Carassius auratus netted in winter and summer and kept at different temperatures (+5 degrees C and +20 degrees C) are presented. It has been ascertained that after keeping the "winter" fish at 5 degrees C for 2 weeks quantities of the protein 205 kD in the red muscles and heart and the protein 172 kD in the liver are significantly decreased. A slight decline in contents of the proteins 105 and 45 kD was observed in the white muscles of deacclimated fish. The brain protein composition in the goldfish did not undergo virtual changes under the experimental conditions. It has been shown that the protein spectrums are influenced rather by temperature than by season, since according to SDS-electrophoresis data the protein content of the "summer" goldfish tissues and the protein content of tissues of the "winter" goldfish, which were kept at 5 degrees C no less than for 2 weeks, did not differ.

[Influence of cattle cord blood fraction below 5 kD on biochemical parameters of blood in experimental chronic stomach ulcer in rats].

Influence of cattle cord blood fraction (below 5 kD) on lipid peroxidation product content and alkaline phosphatase activity-in peripheral blood was studied on the experimental subchronic stomach ulcer model in rats. It has been shown that the fraction administrations normalize thiobarbituric-active product content and alkaline phosphatase activity in blood, which testifies to decreasing inflammatory reaction in the mucous membrane of the stomach. The fraction administrations accelerate the processes of regeneration of the mucous membrane of the stomach up to complete healing of ulcer defects. Cord blood fraction below 5 kD from cattle possesses antiulcer activity which is analogous to the actovegin activity. It has been shown by gel-penetrating chromatography that the pattern of cord blood fraction low molecular substances is different from the actovegin pattern both qualitatively and quantitatively.

[The effects of actovegin on cell proliferation of permanent lines].

The influence of Actovegin on proliferation activity and mitotic regimen of cells of permanent lines PK-15-IEKVM and BHK-21 clone 13/04 was investigated. Addition of Actovegin into growth media containing bovine serums of different components and concentrations stimulates cell proliferation. Conclusion has been made that Actovegin can be used in cell culture biotechnology.

[Antioxidant system in the darkling beetle (Tenebrio molitor) in ontogenesis].

The level of antioxidant protection and lipid peroxidation (LP) intensity in the darkling beetle Tenebrio molitor on different developmental stages were assessed. Each stage was shown to be characterized by its own peculiarities of prooxidant-antioxidant balance. Thus, maximal intensity of oxidative processes estimated by LP intermediate product (diene conjugates and ketodiens) accumulation is attributable to pupae, and minimal intensity--to the 3rd-5th instar larvae. Superoxide dismutase activity increases gradually during the life cycle. A decline in catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities occurred on the stage of pupae. CAT activity in imago was equal to the larva values, and GR activity in imago even exceeded the larva values. At the same time GR activity in T. molitor was detected only at 37 degrees C under our experimental conditions. No statistically significant changes in glutathione reduced content were observed in the insects during the life cycle.

[Low-molecular peptides from tissues of hibernating and cold-adapted animals influence cell proliferation in the Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma].

Polypeptides with cytostatic activity are known to be present in animal tissues during winter dormancy. A 1-10 kDa polypeptide fraction with cytostatic activity was obtained from brain tissue of hibernating ground squirrels and cold-adapted Yakut horses. The pattern of cytostatic activity of this fraction towards tumor cells is of great interest. We present results testifying to cytostatic activity of this fraction towards the Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma cells. The cytostatic effect is realized in tumor cells at the genetic level.

[The distribution of haptoglobin phenotypes among the population of Ukraine]. / Raspredelenie fenotipov gaptoglobina sredi naseleniia Ukrainy.

The results of investigation of haptoglobin (Hp) types in 596 donor blood samples in some towns of Ukraine (Dnepropetrovsk, Kharkov, Odessa, Kiev, Uzhgorod, Zhitomir) are presented. Three normal Hp types (Hp1-1, Hp2-1 and Hp2-2) have been found. The reliable interpopulation differences in the Hp types frequency were not found. On the whole the Hp types frequency in the type Hp1-1 comprised 12.7%. In the type Hp2-1-48.1% and in the type Hp2-2-36.5%. The frequency of the gene Hp1 is 0.38. The frequency of the Hp types and of the gene Hpl in Ukraine is similar to that in population of Eastern Europe and European Part of Russia.

[Protein and RNA synthesis in larvae of the yellow mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor) during cooling and cold acclimatization]. / Sintez belkov i RNK v lichinkakh bol'shogo muchnogo khrushchaka (Tenebrio molitor) pri okhlazhdenii i kholodovoi akklimatsii.

Functioning of protein-synthesis system freeze-avoiding larvae of Tenebrio molitor. (Tenebrinidae family) has been investigated at temperature lowering to 6-8 degrees. It has been shown that mealworms maintain the protein and RNA biosynthesis under cold acclimation (6-8 degrees C). Judging by the angle of inclination of Arrenius of plot reorganization of protein synthesis system takes place in the temperature range 0-10 degrees C. Biosynthesis of proteins at the room and low temperatures is inhibited by cycloheximide while biosynthesis of RNA--by alpha-amanitine.

[Seasonal changes in the structural-functional properties of erythrocyte membranes from Citellus undulatus]. / Sezonnye izmeneniia strukturno-funktsional'nykh svoistv membran éritrotsitov Citellus undulatus.

The influence of hypothermic storage upon Citellus undulatus erythrocytes extracted during different functional state of the hibernator: hibernation, artificial awakening in winter and summer activity has been investigated. It has been revealed that the cells of the animals, which were in the state of deep hibernation, showed in vitro higher resistance of the systems providing ionic homeostasis (Na+/K+- and Ca(2+)-pompes and passive permeability) not only in comparison with the cells of non-hibernators but also in comparison with the cells of animals of the same species, which were in different functional states. Seasonal alterations of protein composition of ground squirrel erythrocyte membranes have been also investigated and ionic permeabilities of the monolamellar liposomes constructed from hibernator and non-hibernator erythrocyte membrane lipids have been compared. Results obtained have confirmed that the changes in membrane proteins took place during hibernation and these changes, probably, provided cold resistance to a more considerable extent than the changes of characteristics of lipid bilayer.

[Erythrocyte membrane permeability of Citellus undulatus during hibernation]. / Pronitsaemost' membran éritrotsitov Citellus undulatus v usloviiakh gipotermicheskogo khraneniia.

We have studied the influence of the erythrocyte hypothermic storage of long-tailed ground squirrels at various physiological states and white mongrel rats on the impairment of the barrier function of their membranes for ferricyanide. The membranes of sleeping and awakening ground squirrels demonstrate the highest stability (the structural integrity is sustained for 3-3,5 months), meanwhile rat blood erythrocytes maintain the barrier function only for 2 weeks. Beside structural and viscous changes in the erythrocyte membrane and the cytosol of hibernating ground squirrel an important role in maintaining barrier function under conditions of hypothermic storage is played by the content of animal blood plasma. Appearance of a non-typical EPR spin probe spectrum in some ground squirrel blood samples in non-equilibrium state of entering or arousing from hibernation has been observed.

[Effects of the fraction (1-10 kDa) of the brain of a Yakut horse on kinetic parameters of Ca2+ transport system in sarcolemma vesicles of cardiomyocytes]. / Vliianie fraktsii (1-10 kDa) mozga iakutskoi loshadi na kineticheskie parametry Ca2+-transportiruiushchikh sistem v vezikulakh sarkolemmy kardiomiotsitov.

The effect of the fraction (1-10 kDa) obtained from the brain of cold-adapted animal (Yakut horse) on Ca2+ transport in sarcolemma vesicles of cardiomyocytes was investigated. It was shown that during insertion of Yakut horse brain fraction into incubation medium at the concentration from 10(-9) M to 3.10(-5) M at Ca2+ transport substrate concentration from 0.1 mM to 1.0 mM, the rate of Ca2+ passive penetration into vesicles slightly increased and at Ca2+ transport substrate concentration 3 mM, which is physiologic, a decrease of rate values was established for all concentrations of the fraction (1-10 kDa) of Yakut horse. While studying the kinetics of an active Ca2+ transport for all investigated concentrations of the fraction (1-10 kDa) of Yakut horse brain from 10(-9) M to 3.10(-5) M at Ca2+ concentration in incubation medium from 10(-7) to 3.10(-6) M, calcium accumulation rates by vesicles exceeded control values. So we can suppose that application of brain fraction (1-10 kDa) of genotypically cold-adapted animal, results in a decrease of intracellular Ca2+ concentration.

[The characteristics of the structural-functional state of the erythrocytes from homoiothermic and heterothermic animals during hypothermic storage]. / Osobennosti strukturno-funktsional'nogo sostoianiia éritrotsitov gomoiotermnykh i geterotermnykh zhivotnykh v usloviiakh gipotermicheskogo khraneniia.

Haemoglobin leakage and permeability for 86Rb and K ions during storage at normal and hypothermic conditions have been investigated in the erythrocytes of the ground squirrel Citellus undulatus in hibernating, arousing and awake animals, as well as in rats. During hibernation, stabilization of the barrier properties and a decrease in passive ionic permeability of erythrocyte membrane were observed. Preservation of ionic homeostasis of the erythrocytes in hibernating animals is favoured by activation of Na(+)-pump. By means of radioautography of electrophoregrams of the blood serum proteins, appearance of a rapidly labeling low-molecular protein was noted at the beginning of the baut and its disappearance before arousal. The data obtained are discussed in relation to the role of the blood plasma components in modification of erythrocyte membranes in hibernating animals.

[Total protein and RNA biosynthesis in the liver cells of the long-tailed suslik Citellus undulatus in different functional states]. / Biosintez summarnykh belkov i RNK v kletkakh pecheni dlinnokhvostykh suslikov Citellus undulatus, nakhodiashchikhsia v razlichnykh funktsional'nykh sostoianiiakh.

The synthesis of proteins and RNA have been studied by means of labeled precursors of 14C-amino acids and 14C-orotic acid in liver cells of hibernating, arousing and active ground squirrels (Citellus undulatus). The investigations conducted testify to the possibility of CHI-inhibited synthesis of proteins in liver cells of hibernating ground squirrels, which occurs, apparently, on preexisting polyribosomes. The low level of protein biosynthesis in this state is stipulated not only by the Arrhenius dependence, but by the dissociation of polyribosomes into monosomes as well. In the course of arousal, an intensive assembling of polyribosomes was detected even under the inhibition of RNA synthesis by actinomycin D, testifying to the presence of a pool of mRNA [correction of iRNA] in liver cells, which are necessary for the observed activation of translation. The intensity of protein synthesis on arousal is also stimulated by the activation of transcription.

[Structural reorganizations of the lipids and proteins of erythrocyte membranes under the action of low temperatures]. / Strukturnye perestroiki lipidov i belkov membran éritrotsitov pri deistvii nizkikh temperatur.

The reversible structural rearrangement of lipids and protein oligomerization has been shown to occur during cooling in membranes of model systems (liposome, erythrocyte shadows) and native erythrocytes. Analysing the dependence of Azz in membrane probes (5- or 15-doxylstearic acids) in the Arrhenius plots a conclusion on the structural changes at 13-19 degrees C and within the range of interior water freezing from -17 up to -19 degrees C has been drawn, the last transition is smoothed out in the presence of glycerin. Using diamide joining spectrin and electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel it has been determined that the low temperatures cause the spatial approach of proteins of spectrin-actinic complex and formation connections between the erythrocyte membrane proteins which aren't destroyed by dodecylsulfate.

[Protein synthesis in the organs of the long-tailed suslik (Citellus undulatus) in various functional states]. / Sintez belka v organakh dlinnokhvostykh suslikov (Citellus undulatus) pri razlichnykh funktsional'nykh sostoianiiakh.

Protein synthesis has been observed in brain and liver of susliks during hibernation using specific radioactivity assay and cycloheximide inhibitor analysis. The data on cycloheximide sensitivity and radioactivity of total protein fractions after differential centrifugation suggest that protein synthesis during hibernation is mostly carried out on microsomes. Experiments on protein synthesis in cell-free extracts from liver of suslik at various functional states indicated that the pool of polyribosomes during hibernation is similar to that during wakening period and waking state. This may ensure high intensity of protein biosynthesis at increase in body temperature during wakening.

[The effect of diphylic compounds on the transport of metabolites and cations in eukaryotic cells]. / Vliianie difil'nykh soedinenii na transport metabolitov i kationov v kletkakh éukariot.

The effect of DMSO, glycerol, PEG, PVP on passive and active transport of metabolites and cations to the cells of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and erythrocytes has been investigated. The data indicating the stimulation or reversible inhibition of amino acid, nucleosides transport dependent on concentration of diphylic compounds have been shown. The inhibitory mechanisms of processes of metabolite and cation transport have been discussed.