RESUMO
CO is one of the toxic components of syngas, which is the major source of air pollution. Syngas fermentation technology has the ability to convert toxic gases into valuable biofuels, such as ethanol. Fermentative ethanol production is an important method that can be used to promote environmental protection. CO can be converted into ethanol, via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, using Clostridium ljungdahlii. The components of the growing medium--especially the trace-element solution and yeast extract--are the main reasons for the high costs associated with this process, however, and this especially impacts scaled-up operations. In this study, cheaper substitutes for these components were used in order to determine their effect on ethanol production. The study comprised three main parts--the optimization of CO concentration, and the substitution of corn syrup and whey powder in the process. The optimum volume of CO for ethanol production was found to be 10 mL. Corn syrup can be used instead of trace-element solution, but the use of yeast extract with the corn syrup was determined to be essential. Up to 1.4 g/L ethanol production was observed with the addition of 15 mL corn syrup. Whey powder had the advantage of being usable without yeast extract, with up to 2.5 g/L ethanol being produced from a 30-g/L concentration. The main finding was that either corn syrup or whey powder can be used as substitutes for expensive basal-medium components.