Association analysis of risk genes identified by SCHEMA with schizophrenia in the Chinese Han population.

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a chronic brain disorder. Previously, the Schizophrenia Exome Sequencing Meta-analysis consortium identified 10 highest risk genes related to schizophrenia. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the 10 highest risk genes identified by the SCHEMA and schizophrenia in a Chinese population. METHODS: A total of 225 variants in 10 genes were screened in a Chinese population of 6836 using a customized array. All variants were annotated through the Variant Effect Predictor tool, and the functional impacts of missense variants were assessed based on sorting intolerant from tolerant and PolyPhen-2 scores. The SHEsisPlus tool was used to analyze the association between risk genes and schizophrenia at the locus and gene levels. RESULTS: At the locus level, no missense variants significantly related to schizophrenia were found, but we detected three missense variants that appeared only in cases, including TRIO p. Arg1185Gln, RB1CC1 p. Arg1514Cys, and HERC1 p. Val4517Leu. At the gene level, five genes (TRIO, RB1CC1, HERC1, GRIN2A, and CACAN1G) with more than one variant analyzed were kept for the gene-level association analysis. Only the association between RB1CC1 and schizophrenia reached a significant level (OR = 1.634; 95% CI, 1.062-2.516; P = 0.025). CONCLUSION: In this study, we determined that RB1CC1 might be a risk gene for schizophrenia in the Chinese population. Our results provide new evidence for recognizing the correlation of these risk genes with the Chinese schizophrenia population.

Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the chloroplast genome for Rosa xanthina.

Rosa xanthina is a wild shrub rose that is native to open slopes and scrubby areas in central China. In this study, the chloroplast genome sequence of R. xanthina been assembled and characterized by Illumina sequencing. The complete chloroplast genome was 157,214 bp in length, containing a large single-copy region (LSC) of 86,302 bp and a small single-copy region (SSC) of 18,770 bp, which were separated by a pair of 26,071 bp inverted repeat regions (IRs), each. A total contained 137 genes, including 90 protein-coding, 8 rRNA, and 39 tRNA genes. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis of 15 representative plastomes within the order Rosa suggests that R. xanthina closely related to the Rosa berberifolia.