Analysis of guide wire displacement in robot-assisted spinal pedicle screw implantation.

Robot-assisted pedicle screw placement is prone to guide wire migration, and the related influencing factors have not yet been discussed. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate and analyze the causes of robot-assisted spinal pedicle guide wire displacement and summarize the relevant treatment strategies. The surgical outcomes of 82 patients who underwent robotic-assisted pedicle screw spinal placement at our hospital between July 2022 and June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 342 screws were placed in 82 patients; 47 guide wires were offset, 47 guide wires were replaced, and 295 guide wires were not significantly offset, with a first guide wire offset rate of 13.7% and a total guide wire offset rate of 12.1%. Univariate analysis showed that Screw placement level, whether respiration was controlled during guide wire placement, Hu value of CT, the position of needle insertion point, and operation time had a significant effect on guide wire deviation (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the inclusion of screw placement segments, whether breathing was controlled during guide wire placement, and Hu value of CT had a significant effect on guide wire offset (P < 0.05). Whether the guide wire was offset had no significant effect on the accuracy of subsequent pedicle screw implantation (P > 0.05). The level of screw placement, whether breathing was controlled during guide wire placement, and Hu value of CT were independent risk factors for guide wire deviation. When causing an excursion, screw orientation can be adjusted during intraoperative screw placement, and guide wire excursion has no significant impact on the accuracy of subsequent pedicle screw placement.

Mesoporous Amorphous Bulk Material Electrodes for Ultrahigh Volumetric Capacity Electrochemical Capacitors.

Retaining satisfactory electrochemical performances under high-mass electrode-active-matter loadings is important for energy storage. However, the performance decreases with increasing mass loadings due to a reduction in the ion/electron transport. In this study, a novel mesoporous amorphous bulk (MAB) material strategy is proposed. Co-based hydroxide KCo1.3 (OH)3.6 is directly electro-deposited on the Ni foam for cathode. Comprehensive structural characterizations confirm the mesoporous, amorphous, and bulk features for KCo1.3 (OH)3.6 . The fabricated whole MAB-KCo1.3 (OH)3.6 @Ni electrode exhibits an ultrahigh full volumetric capacity (123.7 mAh cm-3 ) with high KCo1.3 (OH)3.6 mass loading (11.7 mg cm-2 ) and excellent cycling stability. Along with the MAB-KCo1.3 (OH)3.6 , the mesoporous amorphous features enable fast ion diffusion and provide sufficient electroactive sites for redox reactions. In addition, the bulk nature not only facilitates the electron mobility but also guarantees structural and chemical stability. Therefore, the proposed MAB strategy and explored KCo1.3 (OH)3.6 material demonstrate considerable prospects for designing electrode materials and practical applications.

Adsorptive removal of gallic acid from aqueous solution onto magnetic ion exchange resin.

Finding an appropriate adsorbent with high adsorption capacity, quick adsorption kinetics and easy regeneration was crucial to the removal of gallic acid (GA) from water and wastewater. Our aims were to investigate whether a magnetic ion exchange (MIEX) resin had the three merits mentioned above, and investigate the feasibility of GA adsorption on MIEX resin, and the adsorption kinetics, equilibrium, thermodynamics, regeneration and mechanism using batch tests. The uptake of GA increased with increasing GA concentration. The GA concentration influenced the time needed to reach equilibrium, but the adsorption could be completed within 120 min. Elevating temperature facilitated the GA removal. The removal percent remained above 95.0% at pH 5.0-11.0. Carbonate and bicarbonate promoted the GA removal; conversely chloride, sulfate and nitrate restrained the GA removal significantly. The adsorption kinetics could be fitted well with the pseudo second-order model, and the film diffusion governed the whole adsorption rate. The equilibrium data followed the Redlich-Peterson isotherm model. The adsorption was a spontaneous, endothermic and entropy driven process. The ion exchange dominated the removal mechanism. The spent MIEX resin was well regenerated by sodium chloride. Therefore, MIEX resin is a potential adsorbent for removing GA quickly and efficiently from water and wastewater.

Controllable synthesis of in situ grown titanate hierarchical microspheres and subsequent chemical modifications for superhydrophobic and oil-water separation properties.

Sodium titanate nanowire-assembled microspheres on titanium mesh have been synthesized through controlling an over the surface acidification and hydrothermal process in terms of a proposed in situ "nucleation-cum-growth" solution chemistry strategy. These directly grown microspheres crystallize in an orthorhombic lepidocrocite layered structure of sodium titanate with the composition of Na1.8Ti1.95□0.05O4.8 (□ ∼ vacancy) determined by the XRD, Raman and SEM-EDX techniques. An individual microsphere has a uniform size of around 10 microns while the constituent nanowires have a diameter of 100 nm growing along the [110] orientation. Owing to the specially well-defined hierarchical structure and robust in situ interfaces, these titanate nanowire-assembled microspheres, after 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-pentanol (OFP) surface modification, could achieve superhydrophobicity. This work demonstrates an in situ "nucleation-cum-growth" synthesis strategy and facile functionalization towards superhydrophobicity for oil-water separation, which might extend to a broad variety of oxide nanowire systems to fabricate well-defined structures for wettability tailoring and multi-functional applications.

High Density Static Charges Governed Surface Activation for Long-Range Motion and Subsequent Growth of Au Nanocrystals.

How a heavily charged metal nanocrystal, and further a dual-nanocrystals system behavior with continuous electron charging? This refers to the electric dynamics in charged particles as well as the crystal growth for real metal particles, but it is still opening in experimental observations and interpretations. To this end, we performed an in-situ electron-beam irradiation study using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on the Au nanocrystals that freely stand on the nitride boron nanotube (BNNT). Au nanocrystalline particles with sizes of 2⁻4 nm were prepared by a well-controlled sputtering method to stand on the BNNT surface without chemical bonding interactions. Au nanoparticles presented the surface atomic disorder, diffusion phenomena with continuous electron-beam irradiation, and further, the long-range motion that contains mainly the three stages: charging, activation, and adjacence, which are followed by final crystal growth. Firstly, the growth process undergoes the lattice diffusion and subsequently the surface-dominated diffusion mechanism. These abnormal phenomena and observations, which are fundamentally distinct from classic cases and previous reports, are mainly due to the overcharging of Au nanoparticle that produces a surface activation state in terms of high-energy plasma. This work therefore brings about new observations for both a single and dual-nanocrystals system, as well as new insights in understanding the resulting dynamics behaviors.