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Jellyfish play an important role in the material cycling and energy flow of food webs, and massive aggregations may have deleterious consequences for local fisheries; yet a theoretical framework of the trophic effects of jellyfish blooms on coastal fisheries is unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we assessed the trophic interactions between cooccurring bloom jellyfish and dominant fish groups (omnivorous fish and piscivorous fish) in the coastal waters of China (CWC) via stable isotope analysis; we subsequently discussed how jellyfish blooms may affect energy flow through coastal ecosystems. Our results indicate a considerable degree of trophic overlap (mean ratio > 65 %) between jellyfish and small omnivorous fish (< 10 cm), highlighting a similarity in feeding habits, while the overlap ratio decreased to <55 % of the large omnivorous fish group (> 10 cm). Relatively higher trophic levels and smaller overlaps of large omnivorous fish were found in the ecosystem with high jellyfish biomass, which suggested that they may reinforce the ontogenetic trophic shift pattern to alleviate the potential for resource competition with jellyfish under conditions of jellyfish explosion. The smallest trophic overlap (< 20 %) highlighted the strong trophic differentiation between jellyfish and piscivorous fish. Additionally, our study suggested that a massive aggregation of jellyfish can negatively influence zooplankton but may not transfer energy further up efficiently, implying a weak trophic coupling between jellyfish and upper-trophic levels in CWC ecosystems. Thus, we speculate that jellyfish play an important role in shaping pathways involved in the energy transfer of food webs and that large blooms may negatively affect fisheries through bottom-up control affecting prey availability. In general, these results hold strong potential to further improve the understanding of the trophic interactions between jellyfish and fish populations. Furthermore, this study provides valuable data for predicting the consequences of jellyfish blooms on ecosystems, and is crucial for ecosystem-based management of coastal fisheries.
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Ecossistema , Eutrofização , Peixes , Cadeia Alimentar , Animais , China , Cifozoários/fisiologia , Monitoramento Ambiental , Biomassa , PesqueirosRESUMO
A versatile method for the synthesis of cyclic trithiocarbonates has been successfully developed from readily synthesized propargyl alcohols and easily accessible carbon disulfide (CS2), where terminal and nonterminal propargyl alkynols are compatible with this methodology. The developed protocol features simple, mild, atom-economic, and transition-metal-free reaction conditions resulting in the corresponding cyclic trithiocarbonates in moderate to excellent yields.
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Background: Palmoplantar warts (PWs) are a usual skin disease associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) that can affect patients' quality of life. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Weiren Xiaoyou formula (WRXYF) is a relatively gentle and effective therapy that has achieved good therapeutic effects in clinical practice, but its mechanism has not yet been studied. Methods: A meta-analysis was carried out to identify the potential advantages of topical TCM for PW treatment. Clinical cases suggested that WRXYF was an effective therapeutic agent against PWs. Network pharmacology was utilized to predict potential targets for the main bioactive compound, tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA), in WRXYF. High-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS) was applied to detect major components. The bioactivity of Tan IIA against PWs was then validated with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), electron microscopy and Western blotting. Results: A meta-analysis was conducted on 10 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) involving 2260 participants suggested that topical TCM could more effectively treat PWs than conventional medications. Network pharmacology identified Tan IIA as a candidate agent from 17 major compounds assessed by HPLC/ESI-MS because of its stable binding with 10 PW targets. HPV2, HPV27, and HPV57 were the main infectious strains in tissues obtained from PW patients and in HPV-infected HaCaT cells. Tan IIA treatment effectively destroyed viral particles and reduced the viral copy numbers of the three HPV subtypes. The results shown that Tan IIA has the ability to halt the cell cycle of HPV-infected HaCaT cells specifically in the G0/G1 phase. A total of 6 cell cycle-related proteins were regulated after Tan IIA treatment, demonstrating the role of Tan IIA in inhibiting the cell cycle. Conclusion: Tan IIA, the primary bioactive constituent in WRXYF, enhances PWs by halting the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase via modulation of the p53 signaling pathway.
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Developing single-atomic catalysts with superior selectivity and outstanding stability for CO2 electroreduction is desperately required but still challenging. Herein, confinement strategy and three-dimensional (3D) nanoporous structure design strategy are combined to construct unsaturated single Ni sites (Ni-N3) stabilized by pyridinic N-rich interconnected carbon nanosheets. The confinement agent chitosan and its strong interaction with g-C3N4 nanosheet are effective for dispersing Ni and restraining their agglomeration during pyrolysis, resulting in ultrastable Ni single-atom catalyst. Due to the confinement effect and structure advantage, such designed catalyst exhibits a nearly 100% selectivity and remarkable stability for CO2 electroreduction to CO, exceeding most reported state-of-the-art catalysts. Specifically, the CO Faradaic efficiency (FECO) maintains above 90% over a broad potential range (-0.55 to -0.95 V vs. RHE) and reaches a maximum value of 99.6% at a relatively low potential of -0.67 V. More importantly, the FECO is kept above 95% within a long-term 100 h electrolyzing. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations explain the high selectivity for CO generation is due to the high energy barrier required for hydrogen evolution on the unsaturated Ni-N3. This work provides a new designing strategy for the construction of ultrastable and highly selective single-atom catalysts for efficient CO2 conversion.
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Purpose: The aim of this study was to characterize key biomarkers associated with pyroptosis in atopic dermatitis (AD). Materials and methods: To identify the differentially expressed pyroptosis-related genes (DEPRGs), the gene expression profiles GSE16161 and GSE32924 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were utilized. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were conducted to determine the potential biological functions and involved pathways. Furthermore, protein-protein interaction network analyses were performed to identify hub genes. The types and proportions of infiltrating immune cells were detected by immune filtration analysis using CIBERSORT. A 12-axis competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed utilizing the miRNet database. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) further validated the differential expression of a key gene IRF1 in the skin tissues collected from AD patients. The collection of skin tissue from human subjects in this study were reviewed and approved by the IRB of Yueyang Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital (KYSKSB2020-125). Results: The study identified a total of 76 DEPRGs, which were enriched in genes associated with the inflammatory response and immune regulation. There was a higher percentage of activated dendritic cells and a lower percentage of resting mast cells in AD samples. PVT1 expression was associated with upregulation of hub genes including CXCL8, IRF1, MKI67, and TP53 in the ceRNA network and was correlated with activated dendritic cells in AD. As a transcription factor, IRF1 could regulate the production of downstream inflammatory factors. The IHC study revealed that IRF1 was overexpressed in the skin tissues of AD patients, which were consistent with the results of the bioinformatic study. Conclusions: IRF1 and its related genes were identified as key pyroptosis-related biomarkers in AD, which is a crucial pathway in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Dermatite Atópica , Fator Regulador 1 de Interferon , Piroptose , Humanos , Biologia Computacional , Dermatite Atópica/genética , Fator Regulador 1 de Interferon/genética , Prognóstico , Piroptose/genéticaRESUMO
Case: Individuals with Selective Immunoglobulin-A Deficiency (SIgAD) are often asymptomatic, and symptomatic SIgAD patients often have autoimmune comorbidities. A 48-year-old Han Chinese man presented with abdominal discomfort, hematochezia, and a large tumor in the anogenital region. The primary diagnosis of SIgAD was based on the patient's age, serum IgA concentration (0.067 g/L), and the evidence of chronic respiratory infection. No other immunoglobulin deficiency or evidence of immunosuppression was present. The primary diagnosis of giant condyloma acuminatum was based on human papilloma virus-6-positive laboratory results and histological characteristics. The tumor and adjacent skin lesions were resected. Hemoglobin concentration fell to 5.50 g/dL, and an emergency erythrocyte transfusion was performed. The body temperature increased to 39.8 ºC, suggesting a transfusion reaction, and 5 mg dexamethasone was administered intravenously. Hemoglobin concentration stabilized at 10.5 g/dL. The clinical signs and laboratory results indicated autoimmune hemolytic anemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Abdominal discomfort and hematochezia subsided. Though uncommon, the manifestation of multiple autoimmune comorbidities can occur in SIgAD patients. Further research is needed regarding the causes of SIgAD and the autoimmune disorders that often occur as comorbidities.
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Doenças Autoimunes , Deficiência de IgA , Masculino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Deficiência de IgA/complicações , Deficiência de IgA/diagnóstico , Doenças Autoimunes/complicações , Doenças Autoimunes/diagnóstico , Imunoglobulinas , HemoglobinasRESUMO
Current conductive polymers win wide applications in smart strain-stress sensors, bioinspired actuators, and wearable electronics. This work investigates a novel strain sensor by using conductive polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles coated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers as matrix. The flexible, water-resistant PVA fibers are initially prepared by combined electrospinning and annealing techniques, and then are coated with PPy nanoparticles through in situ polymerization. The resultant PPy@PVA fibers exhibit stable, favorable electrical conductivities due to the uniform point-to-point connections among PPy nanoparticles, e.g. after three-time' polymerizations, the PPy@PVA3 fiber film presents a sheet resistance of ≈840 Ω sq-1 and a bulk conductivity of ≈32.1 mS cm-1 . Cyclic sensing tests reveal that, PPy@PVA sensors show linear relationships between the relative resistance variations and the applied strains, e.g. the linear deviation of PPy@PVA3 is only 0.9 % within 33 % strain. After long-term stretching/releasing cycles, the PPy@PVA sensor exhibits stable, durable, and reversible sensing behaviors, no evident "drift" is observed over 1,000 cycles (5,000 seconds).
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Nanopartículas , Dispositivos Eletrônicos Vestíveis , Polímeros , Álcool de Polivinil , PirróisRESUMO
Dielectric elastomers (DEs) are widely used in soft actuation and sensing. Current DE actuators require high driving electrical fields because of their low permittivity. Most of DE actuators and sensors suffer from high viscoelastic effects, leading to high mechanical loss and large shifts of signals. This study demonstrates a valuable strategy to produce polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-based elastomers with high permittivity and low viscoelasticity. The introduction of cyanoethyl cellulose (CEC) into plasticized PVC gel (PVCg) not only confers a high dielectric permittivity (18.9@1 kHz) but also significantly mitigates their viscoelastic effects with a low mechanical loss (0.04@1 Hz). The CEC/PVCg actuators demonstrate higher actuation performances over the existing DE actuators under low electrical fields and show marginal displacement shifts (7.78%) compared to VHB 4910 (136.09%). The CEC/PVCg sensors display high sensitivity, fast response, and limited signal drifts, enabling their faithful monitoring of multiple human motions.
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BACKGROUND: Diabetic ulcers, which are characterized by chronic nonhealing wounds with a long-lasting inflammatory state, are a typical symptom in individuals with diabetes, and there is still no effective treatment for these lesions. Angelica dahurica plays a critical role in inflammatory diseases. Among numerous monomeric compounds, phellopterin has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. PURPOSE: To research the bioactive constituents in Angelica dahurica and their mechanism of action in treating diabetic ulcers. STUDY DESIGN: Chemical research of Angelica dahurica led to the identification of a new coumarin, dahuricoumarin A (1), along with seven known compounds (2 - 8). All compounds were tested for anti-inflammatory activity, and phellopterin, compound (3), significantly decreased the expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), a representative indicator of inflammation. Phellopterin can also increase SIRT1 protein, a key target for inflammation. In our research, we confirmed the anti-inflammatory effects of phellopterin on diabetic ulcers and explored the underlying mechanism of action. METHODS: The expression of IFN-γ, SIRT1, and ICAM-1 in human diabetic ulcer tissues was studied using immunohistochemistry. Streptozotocin was used to induce a diabetic model in C57BL/6J mice, and ulcers were surgically introduced. After phellopterin treatment, the skin lesions of diabetic mice were observed over a period of time. The protein and mRNA expression levels of SIRT1 and ICAM-1 were measured using H&E, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. A HaCaT cell inflammatory model was induced by IFN-γ. Using a lentiviral packaging technique, MTT assay, and Western blotting, the effect of phellopterin on the proliferation of HaCaT cells and the expression of ICAM-1 was evaluated under normal and SIRT1 knockdown conditions. RESULTS: High levels of ICAM-1 and IFN-γ were identified, but low levels of SIRT1 were found in human diabetic ulcer tissues, and phellopterin showed therapeutic benefits in the healing process by attenuating chronic inflammation and promoting re-epithelialization, along with SIRT1 upregulation and ICAM-1 downregulation. However, inhibiting SIRT1 reversed its proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects. CONCLUSION: In vitro and in vivo, phellopterin exerts anti-inflammatory and proliferative effects that promote diabetic wound healing, and the potential mechanism depends on SIRT1.
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Angelica , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Angelica/química , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Molécula 1 de Adesão Celular , Cumarínicos/farmacologia , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Humanos , Inflamação , Molécula 1 de Adesão Intercelular , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , RNA Mensageiro , Sirtuína 1/metabolismo , Estreptozocina/farmacologia , Úlcera , CicatrizaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The Sheng-ji Hua-yu (SJHY) formula is a quite effective Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) in the treatment of delayed diabetic wounds. Previous research has shown that the SJHY formula has significant anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects, but the precise mechanism remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of rhein, a compound extracted from SJHY formula, in keratinocytes and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Microscale thermophoresis (MST) technology was used to confirm that rhein binds directly to oestrogen receptors (ERs). Rhein was then used to treat keratinocytes in vitro. Cell cycle and proliferation analysis, Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western-blot were conducted. RESULTS: Rhein increased the proportion of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle and promoted keratinocyte proliferation. ICI 182,780, an ER inhibitor, was also used to treat keratinocytes. The expression of c-myc mRNA and protein induced by rhein was antagonized by ICI 182,780, indicating that this induction is ER dependent. Intervention with ICI 182,780 had no effect on the upregulation of FosB and JunD, indicating that activator protein 1 (AP-1) members (FosB and JunD) are involved in rhein-induced c-myc mRNA and protein expression but does not require the ER. CONCLUSION: The present study found that rhein stimulates keratinocyte proliferation by activating the oestrogen signalling pathway via the oestrogen receptor, which induces the expression of c-myc in collaboration with FosB and JunD, thereby accelerating the process of re-epithelialization.
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Antraquinonas/farmacologia , Receptores de Estrogênio , Úlcera Cutânea , Proliferação de Células , Fulvestranto/metabolismo , Fulvestranto/farmacologia , Humanos , Queratinócitos/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Receptores de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Úlcera Cutânea/metabolismoRESUMO
Background: Psoriasis is an immune-mediated chronic systemic inflammatory skin disease whose diagnosis and severity assessment pose challenges for clinicians worldwide. The use of serum biomarkers facilitates the early diagnosis and treatment of psoriasis. Methods: This case-control study compared tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, IL-10, and fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1) levels of 139 untreated psoriasis patients and 140 healthy controls. Serum samples were collected, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to quantify their levels. Subgroups were analyzed according to abnormal lipid metabolism status. Results: Compared to controls, patients with psoriasis exhibited lower concentrations of serum TNF-α, IL-17, and FGL1 (P < 0.05). A correlation analysis showed that FGL1 was inversely correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and IL-17 in the psoriatic state. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that FGL1 and total cholesterol were the independent determinants of Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score in psoriasis patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of FGL1 assessing moderate-to-severe psoriasis and mild psoriasis was 0.70, while the area under the curve (AUC) assessing severe psoriasis and mild-to-moderate psoriasis was 0.67, better than that of IL-17. In addition, FGL1, but not IL-17, was able to identify psoriasis with abnormal lipid metabolism to a certain extent (AUC = 0.60). Conclusion: In conclusion, serum FGL1 may be a promising biomarker for diagnosing and staging psoriasis. It may also be involved in its progression and comorbid abnormal lipid metabolism.
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Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a life-threatening autoimmune disease of the skin that is mainly characterized by a large range of tension blisters and intense itching of the skin. The 1-year mortality rate of BP was 23.5%. Superinfection caused by skin lesion ulceration is one of the important causes of disease death. Therefore, it is challenging to control infection and improve skin wound healing. Here, we report the case of an elderly woman who presented with BP and involved the oral mucosa. The patient was successfully treated with hormones combined with topical berberine, and 95% of the patients' lesions healed completely after 1 month. In addition, we inductively analyzed the current treatments for BP to provide a reference for BP clinical treatment.
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OBJECTIVE: Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that is prone to recurrence, and the proinflammatory factor, cysteine-rich protein 61 (Cyr61), is important in its pathophysiology. Long-term clinical practice has shown that Sancao Formula (SC), a Chinese herbal compound, is effective in the treatment of psoriasis, but the precise mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we investigate the mechanism by which SC extract alleviates imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis. METHODS: The expression of Cyr61 in psoriatic lesions and normal healthy skin was detected using immunohistochemical analysis to investigate the biological role of Cyr61 in models of psoriatic inflammation. A psoriatic mouse model was established by topical application of IMQ, and the effect of topical application of SC extract was evaluated using the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and histopathological features of the skin. Next, a HaCaT cell inflammation model was established using interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and the effect of SC extract on the mRNA and protein levels of Cyr61 and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was confirmed using Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of Cyr61 in psoriatic lesions was higher than that in normal skin samples (78.26% vs 41.18%, P < 0.05), and the number of Cyr61-positive cells in psoriatic lesions was also significantly higher than in normal skin (18.66 ± 2.51 vs 4.33 ± 1.52, P < 0.05). Treatment in mice with IMQ-induced psoriasis showed that SC extract could significantly improve the inflammatory phenotype, PASI score (10.875 ± 0.744 vs 3.875 ± 0.582, P < 0.05), and pathological features compared with those in IMQ model group; SC treatment was also associated with decreased levels of Cyr61 and ICAM-1. In the IFN-γ-induced inflammatory cell model, the mRNA and protein levels of Cyr61 and ICAM-1 were upregulated, while the SC extract downregulated the levels of Cyr61 and ICAM-1. CONCLUSION: The results provide a theoretical basis for the involvement of Cyr61 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, and suggest that SC should be used to target Cyr61 for the prevention of psoriasis recurrence.
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Proteína Rica em Cisteína 61 , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Psoríase , Animais , China , Proteína Rica em Cisteína 61/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêutico , Imiquimode/efeitos adversos , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Molécula 1 de Adesão Intercelular/genética , Interferon gama , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Psoríase/induzido quimicamente , Psoríase/tratamento farmacológico , Psoríase/patologia , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
We report the generation of frequency-uncorrelated photon pairs from counter-propagating spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a periodically-poled KTP waveguide. The joint spectral intensity of photon pairs is characterized by measuring the corresponding stimulated process, namely, the difference frequency generation process. The experimental result shows a clear uncorrelated joint spectrum, where the backward-propagating photon has a narrow bandwidth of 7.46 GHz and the forward-propagating one has a bandwidth of 0.23 THz like the pump light. The heralded single-photon purity estimated through Schmidt decomposition is as high as 0.996, showing a perspective for ultra-purity and narrow-band single-photon generation. Such unique feature results from the backward-wave quasi-phase-matching condition and does not has a strict limitation on the material and working wavelength, thus fascinating its application in photonic quantum technologies.
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Ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) always takes big risks of electrode cracking and peeling, which lead to energy wasting, waterloss, and uneven electric field distribution, thus hamper its commercial applications. To address this issue, we propose a facile and effective technique to repair the electrode fatigue by coating polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) encapsulated Ag nanoparticles (PVP@AgNPs) on the long-term used IPMC surface. To improve the electrochemical stability, the silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with a diameter of â¼34 nm are encapsulated by a 1.3 nm thick PVP film, thus forming a shell-core structure to resist corrosion from the electrolyte solution. Physiochemical investigations reveal that, PVP@AgNPs closely attach to the interior and exterior surfaces of the original Pt nanograin electrode, thus refreshing its electronic conductivity; the repaired IPMC actuator exhibits better electromechanical properties compared to its precursor actuator: 7.62 folds in displacement output, 9.38 folds in force output, and 9.73 folds in stable working time.
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Narrow-linewidth lasers are essential for various applications, but are limited by their size, weight, power, and cost requirements. Here we demonstrate a self-injection locked diode laser fabricated with a high quality factor fiber Fabry-Perot resonator, with a 145 Hz free-running linewidth. The locking scheme is all-fiber for plug-and-play operation. White frequency noise of 50Hz2/Hz is measured with over 42 dB reduction from the low-cost TO-can distributed feedback laser diode, and shows its wide applications in a compact and cost-effective way.
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Since 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected 10 millions of people across the globe, and massive mutations in virus genome have occurred during the rapid spread of this novel coronavirus. Variance in protein sequence might lead to a change in protein structure and interaction, then further affect the viral physiological characteristics, which could bring tremendous influence on the pandemic. In this study, we investigated 20 nonsynonymous mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome in which incidence rates were all ≥ 1% as of September 1st, 2020, and then modeled and analyzed the mutant protein structures. The results showed that four types of mutations caused dramatic changes in protein structures (RMSD ≥ 5.0 Å), which were Q57H and G251V in open-reading frames 3a (ORF3a), S194L, and R203K/G204R in nucleocapsid (N). Next, we found that these mutations also affected the binding affinity of intraviral protein interactions. In addition, the hot spots within these docking mutant complexes were altered, among which the mutation Q57H was involved in both Orf3a-S and Orf3a-Orf8 protein interactions. Besides, these mutations were widely distributed all over the world, and their occurrences fluctuated as time went on. Notably, the incidences of R203K/G204R in N and Q57H in Orf3a were both over 50% in some countries. Overall, our findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 mutations could change viral protein structure, binding affinity, and hot spots of the interface, thereby might have impacts on SARS-CoV-2 transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19.
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COVID-19/virologia , Genoma Viral , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Proteínas Virais/genética , Humanos , Mutação , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Ligação Proteica , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Proteínas Virais/metabolismoRESUMO
A 3D porous graphene composite film containing Ni/NiO hybrid nanoparticles (Ni/NiO NPs) is prepared by combining electrophoresis deposition and thermal H2 annealing techniques. The Ni/NiO NPs with a mean diameter of 45 nm are uniformly embedded on both the exterior and interior surfaces of reduced graphene, forming a 3D porous reduced graphene oxide composite film (Ni/NiO rGO). The insertion of Ni/NiO NPs into rGO greatly improves the electric conductivity and charge storage capability of the resultant Ni/NiO rGO film. By directly using it as freestanding electrodes, the fabricated lithium-ion battery and supercapacitor respectively exhibited high capacities of 758 mAh g-1@ 0.2 A g-1 and 430.8 F g-1@0.5 A g-1, an increase of 82.3-fold and 20.2-fold compared to the pure rGO electrode-based counterparts under the same condition.
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Carbapenem pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles are significantly different in critically ill patients because of the drastic variability of the patients' physiological parameters. Published population PK studies have mainly focused on specific diseases, and the majority of these studies had small sample sizes. The aim of this study was to develop a population PK model of imipenem in critically ill patients that estimated the influence of various clinical and biological covariates and the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). A two-compartment population PK model with creatinine clearance (CLCR), body weight (WT), and ECMO as fixed effects was developed using the nonlinear mixed-effects model (NONMEM). A Monte Carlo simulation was performed to evaluate various dosing schemes and different levels of covariates based on the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic index (ƒ%T>MIC) for the range of clinically relevant MICs. The results showed that there may be insufficient drug use in the clinical routine drug dose regimen, and 750 mg every 6 h (q6h) could achieve a higher treatment success rate. The blood concentrations of imipenem in ECMO patients were lower than those in non-ECMO patients; therefore, dosages may need to be increased. The dosage may need adjustment for patients with a CLCR of ≤70 ml/min, but the dose should be lowered carefully to avoid the insufficient drug exposure. Dose adjustment is not necessary for patients with WT ranging from 50 to 80 kg. Due to the large variation in PK profile of imipenem in critically ill patients, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) should be carried out to optimize drug regimens.
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Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Estado Terminal , Monitoramento de Medicamentos , Humanos , Imipenem/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
It is always challenging to fabricate two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides into multiple hollow micro-/nanostructures with improved properties for various potential applications. Here, hierarchically porous MoS2-C hollow rhomboids (MCHRs) have been creatively synthesized via a facile self-templated solvothermal approach. It has been clarified that the obtained MCHRs assembled beneath ultrathin γ-MnS and carbon cohybridized MoS2 nanosheets under the structural direction of the MnMoO4·0.49H2O self-template. The prepared MCHR anode of sodium-ion batteries exhibited a reversible capacity of 506 mA h g-1 at 0.1 A g-1, ultrahigh rate capabilities up to 10 A g-1 with 310 mA h g-1, and exceptional stability over 3000 cycles. This study provides inspiration for the rational design of hierarchically porous hollow nanostructures with specific geometries as an excellent electrode material for outstanding performance energy storage equipment.