[Early changes within the lymphocyte population are associated with the long term prognosis in severely injured patients].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between early lymphocyte responses and the prognosis in severely injured patients. METHODS: Consecutive patients with severe trauma who were treated in Peking University People's Hospital Trauma Medical Center between June 2017 and June 2020 were enrolled in this restropective chart-review study. According to the responses of lymphocyte after severe injury, the patients were divided into three groups, group 1: lymphopenia-returned to normal; group 2: persistent lymphopenia; group 3: never lymphopenic, and the outcome of 28 d were recorded. Clinical data such as gender, age, base excess, mechanism of injury, Glasgow coma scale (GCS), injury severity score (ISS) and massive blood transfusion were collected. Perform statistical analysis on the collected clinical data to understand the trend of lymphocyte changes in early trauma and the relationship with prognosis. In order to eliminate the interference of age, stratification was carried out according to whether the age was ≥ 65 years old, in different age groups, they were grouped according to whether the length of stay was ≥ 28 d, and the relationship between lymphocyte trend and length of stay was discussed. RESULTS: A total of 83 patients were included, 66 males and 17 females. The main injury mechanisms were traffic accident injuries and high-altitude fall injuries. The average ISS was (30±11) points. 65 patients had lymphopenia on the day of injury, 32 of them returned to normal on the 5th day, and the rest did not recover; the other 18 patients had normal lymphocyte levels after injury. Patients which are failure to normalize lymphopenia within the first 5 days following admission was related with the long hospitalization time and higher 28 d mortality rate. After further stratification by age, failure to normalize lymphopenia within the first 5 days following admission in the elderly group (age ≥65 years) was a risk factor for prolonged hospital stay (≥28 d), P=0.04. While in younger group, a high level of neutrophils within the first 5 d following admission was a risk factor for bad outcome. CONCLUSION: A failure to normalize lymphopenia in severely injured patients is associated with significantly higher mortality and longer hospital stay. This study reveals lymphocytes can be used as a reliable indicator for the prognostic evaluation.

Clinical insights into cisplatin-induced arrhythmia in a patient with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a case report.

OBJECTIVE: Cardiotoxicity is a common adverse effect of many antineoplastic agents, including anthracyclines and paclitaxel. However, it has not been defined as a causal side effect of cisplatin. Here we report on a patient with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer who developed a cardiotoxic event induced by cisplatin that manifested primarily as arrhythmia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Intensive cardiac monitoring through electrocardiogram was performed to estimate the severity degree and clinical condition of arrhythmia. RESULTS: The frequency and severity of the arrhythmia had a strong temporal relationship with the administration of cisplatin, that made it likely that cisplatin was responsible for the cardiotoxicity observed. CONCLUSIONS: In the present case report, we discuss the potential factors that may provide pivotal contributions to the patient's susceptibility to cardiotoxicity and review the published studies regarding the cardiotoxic influence of cisplatin. We also outline the critical points that oncologists should be aware of when dealing with such high-risk patients.

[Risk factors for mechanical ventilation in patients with severe multiple trauma].

OBJECTIVE: To eludicate the risk factors of mechanical ventilation and prolonged mechanical ventilation in patients with severe multiple injuries. METHODS: Consecutive patients with severe multiple injures who were treated in Peking University People's Hospital Trauma Medical Center between December 2016 and December 2019 were enrolled in this restropective chart-review study. According to mechanical ventilation and ventilatory time, the patients were divided into mechanical ventilation (MV) group and non-mechanical ventilation (NMV) groups, prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) group and shortened mechanical ventilation (SMV) groups. Clinical data such as gender, age, base excess, mechanism of injury, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), abbreviated injury scale (AIS) and injury severity score (ISS) were collected. To indentify the risk factors of mechanical ventilation and prolonged mecha-nical ventilation, univariate and multivariate Logistic analyses were carried out. RESULTS: In the present study, 112 patients (82 male, 30 female) with severe multiple injuries having a median age of 52 (range: 16-89 years) and a median ISS of 34 (range: 16-66) were enrolled. The primary mechanism of injury was traffic accident injury and falling injury. In the study, 62 and 50 patients were assigned to MV and NMV groups, respectively. Logistic analysis showed that GCS (OR=0.72, 95%CI: 0.53-0.92, P=0.03), base excess (OR=0.56, 95%CI: 0.37-0.88, P=0.002) and multiple rib fracture (OR=1.72, 95%CI: 1.60-2.80, P=0.012) were independent significant risk factors for mechanical ventilation after severe multiple injuries. Within the mechanical ventilation group, 38 and 24 patients were assigned to PMV and SMVgroups, respectively. Compared with the SMV group, the PMV group had a higher ISS and higher rate of severe head trauma. The length of hospital stay of PMV group was longer than that of SMV groups. Meanwhile, the incidence of tracheotomy in PMV group was high. CONCLUSIONS: GCS, base excess and rib fracture might be independent risk factors for mechanical ventilation. Higher ISS and lower GCS might prolong the ventilatory time and the length of hospital stay. Meanwhile, the incidence of tracheotomy was high in PMV group because of the longer ventilatory time and poor consciousness.

Design of an ultrahigh-energy-resolution and wide-energy-range soft X-ray beamline.

A new ultrahigh-energy-resolution and wide-energy-range soft X-ray beamline has been designed and is under construction at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The beamline has two branches: one dedicated to angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and the other to photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM). The two branches share the same plane-grating monochromator, which is equipped with four variable-line-spacing gratings and covers the 20-2000 eV energy range. Two elliptically polarized undulators are employed to provide photons with variable polarization, linear in every inclination and circular. The expected energy resolution is approximately 10 meV at 1000 eV with a flux of more than 3 × 10(10) photons s(-1) at the ARPES sample positions. The refocusing of both branches is based on Kirkpatrick-Baez pairs. The expected spot sizes when using a 10 µm exit slit are 15 µm × 5 µm (horizontal × vertical FWHM) at the ARPES station and 10 µm × 5 µm (horizontal × vertical FWHM) at the PEEM station. The use of plane optical elements upstream of the exit slit, a variable-line-spacing grating and a pre-mirror in the monochromator that allows the influence of the thermal deformation to be eliminated are essential for achieving the ultrahigh-energy resolution.

Morphology and composition of InAs/GaAs quantum dots.

Surface compositional maps of self-organized InAs/GaAs quantum dots were obtained with laterally resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We found a surface In concentration of about 0.85 at the center of the islands which decreases to 0.75 on the wetting layer. Comparison with concentration values found in the core of similar dots suggests a strong In segregation on the topmost surface layers of the dots and on the surrounding wetting layer. Furthermore, the morphological properties of the dots such as size and density have been measured with plan-view transmission electron microscopy and low energy electron microscopy.

Characterization of spectroscopic photoemission and low energy electron microscope using multipolarized soft x rays at BL17SU/SPring-8.

Spectroscopic photoemission and low energy electron microscope (SPELEEM) improved its performance after installation at BL17SU/SPring-8, where a multipolarization-mode undulator is employed to produce circularly and linearly polarized soft x rays. This undulator enables us to study the domain structures of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic materials by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and x-ray magnetic linear dichroism. SPELEEM is used to study light elements (C, N, and O), 3d transition-metal elements and 4f rare earth elements, utilizing a wide range of photon energies. The two cylindrical mirrors adopted in front of SPELEEM ensure an illumination area of 14 x 14 microm(2) on the samples. The lateral resolution of a secondary electron photoemission electron microscope image is estimated to be better than 85 nm, whereas the energy resolution of the instrument is better than 0.4 eV.

Effects of cigarette smoking and smoking cessation on plasma constituents and enzyme activities related to oxidative stress.

In order to study effects of cigarette smoking and smoking cessation on plasma constituents and enzyme activities related to oxidative stress, 1255 smokers and 524 healthy non-smokers were investigated in terms of plasma levels of lipoperoxides (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE) and beta-carotene (beta-CAR). Additionally, erythrocytes were examined to determine the level of LPO, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). The results showed that, when compared with the average values of the non-smoker group, the average plasma values of LPO, NO and the average erythrocyte value of LPO in the smoker group were significantly increased (P < 0. 001), while the average plasma values of VC, VE, beta-CAR, and the average erythrocyte activities of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px were significantly decreased (P < 0.001). A linear regression and correlation analysis for 65 male smokers who were all 40 years old showed that with longer smoking duration and greater daily smoking quantity, the plasma values of LPO, NO and the erythrocyte value of LPO were elevated, while the plasma values of VC, VE, beta-CAR and erythrocyte values of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px were decreased. In a group of 73 smokers who stopped smoking completely for six months, the average plasma values of LPO, NO and the average erythrocyte value of LPO decreased, although they were still significantly higher than those in the matched non-smoker group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the average plasma values of VC, VE, beta-CAR and the average erythrocyte values of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px increased, although they were still significantly lower than those in the matched non-smoker group (P < 0.05). However, after smoking cessation for one year the above average values were not significantly different from those in the matched non-smoker group (P > 0.05). This finding indicates that the markedly increased oxidative stress in smokers might gradually return to normal but only after a long period of smoking cessation. In conclusion, in the bodies of smokers a series of free radical chain reactions were gravely aggravated, the dynamic balance between oxidation and antioxidation was seriously disrupted, and oxidative stress was clearly exacerbated, which is closely related to many disorders or diseases in smokers. The present study underscored the need, urgency and importance of complete smoking cessation.

Forecasting minority group populations in Gui Zhou province.

PIP: A study was conducted to forecast the population of minority groups in Gui Zhou Province. Based upon data from the fourth national census, a dispersed recurrence mathematics model was developed to predict the population of minority groups in the province over the period 1990-2050. This paper focuses upon the data analysis and does not describe the details of the mathematical model and data processing. Census data from the fourth national census investigation in China indicate that 48 minority groups live in the province, comprising approximately 34.7% of the total population in the province. To develop the mathematical population forecasting model, some basic assumptions had to be made which comply with the population structure and characteristics of the province's minority population. Sections discuss high, moderate, and low increase rate forecasting; analysis of the birth rate, death rate, and population increase rate of the minority population; preliminary analysis of population age structure and aged society of the minority people; analysis of the population age structure; analysis of changes in the minority work force resources; analysis of the social burden condition; and evaluation of the three forecasts.^ieng