Imaging-based diagnosis for extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma in pediatrics: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma (EES) is a member of the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors which is pathologically known as a small, round, blue cell tumor involving bone and soft tissue. The prevalence of EES is only 15%-25% of all Ewing sarcoma and EES often occurs in patients aged from 20-mo-old to 30-years-old resulting in an unfavorable prognosis. CASE SUMMARY: The present case report described a 7-year-old patient with a palpable EES mass of 33 mm × 27 mm × 28 mm in the deep neck with symptoms of persistent dyspnea over the past 5 mo. After laboratory examinations, abnormal physiological and biochemical indicators were not found. Ultrasound images presented the mass to be complex, solid and fluid-filled with circumscribed margins and posterior acoustic enhancement. The mass also presented with partial internal vascularity. The contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging scan illustrated the outstanding enhancement with fast perfusion mode in the early arterial phase. CONCLUSION: Our study suggested that a quick-growing mass in the pediatric patient is possibly a malignant tumor whether the mass has well-defined margins or not.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Treatment by Transurethral Enucleation of the Prostate Using a 2-µm Laser.

This study investigates the efficacy of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) treatment by prostate transurethral enucleation using a 2-µm laser. A total of 107 patients with BPH were treated by prostate transurethral enucleation using a RevoLix 2-µm laser surgery system. Bleeding volume, operation time, catheterization time, voiding situation, maximum urinary flow rate, and hospital stay were observed. The mean operation time was 74 min ± 12 min (range 45 to 150 min), the mean follow-up period was 2 to 6 months, the mean catheter time was 5 days, and the mean peak urinary flow rate increased from 6.3 ± 0.6 to 17.5 ± 1.5 mL/s. The International Prostate Symptom Score and quality of life significantly declined (p < 0.01). No significant differences were observed in the hemoglobin and blood electrolytes before and after operation. Prostate transurethral enucleation using a 2-µm laser is safe and efficient for BPH treatment.

Oleanolic acid suppresses the proliferation of human bladder cancer by Akt/mTOR/S6K and ERK1/2 signaling.

Oleanolic acid has significant pharmacological activities, such as anti-tumor, regulating blood sugar level and liver protection, which are more effective compared with free aglyconeoleanolic acid. However, it is still unknown if oleanolic acid affects the proliferation of human bladder cancer. We utilized T24 cells to study the effect of oleanolic acid on the proliferation and apoptosis of human bladder cancer. In this study, we found that the anti-cancer effect of oleanolic acid significantly suppressed cell proliferation and increased apoptosis and caspase-3 activity of T24 cells. Furthermore, Akt, mTOR and S6K protein expression was greatly inhibited in T24 cells under oleanolic acid treatment. Meanwhile, ERK1/2 of phosphorylation protein expression was significantly promoted by oleanolic acid treatment. Taken together, we provided evidences that oleanolic acid was Akt/mTOR/S6K and ERK1/2 signaling-targeting anti-tumor agent. These findings represent new evidences that oleanolic acid suppresses the proliferation of human bladder cancer by Akt/mTOR/S6K and ERK1/2 signaling, and oleanolic acid may be used to prevent human bladder cancer.

Long-term follow-up on the effects of sigmoid-rectal pouch for urinary diversion.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term clinical effects of sigmoidrectal pouch for urinary diversion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 45 patients, including 40 males and 5 females, underwent sigmoid-rectal pouch procedure. The patients aged from 38 to 70 years with a mean age of 59 years. The postoperative follow-up ranged from 6 months to 19 years with an average of 6 years. Postoperative continence and voiding were analyzed, urinary reservoir pressure was measured and the complications of upper urinary tract were determined. The index of quality of life (QoL) in the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) was used to evaluate the degree of satisfaction to urinate. RESULTS: Forty patients had slight incontinence in the early postoperative stage and could control urination well 30 days postoperatively. The volume of pouch was 270-600 mL with an average of 375 mL. The basic pressure during filling period was 6-20 cmH2O with an average 15 cmH2O, the maximum filling pressure was 15-30 cmH2O with an average 26 cmH2O. The compliance of sigmoid-rectal pouch was fine with an average of 30 (range 18-40) mL/ cmH2O. There were no severe complications such as hyperchloremic acidosis or retrograde pyelonephritis. Six patients had slight hydronephrosis. The index of QoL were 0-2 in 20 patients, 3 in five patients and 4 in two patients. CONCLUSION: The sigmoid-rectal pouch operation was simple and acceptable by surgeons and patients. It may be an ideal urinary diversion for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer, especially for patients on whom urethrectomy should be done.