Transcriptional analysis of Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 cryptic species under the selection pressure of neonicotinoids imidacloprid, acetamiprid and thiamethoxam.

BACKGROUND: Neonicotinoids are widely applied in the control of the destructive agricultural pest Bemisia tabaci, and resistance against these chemicals has become a common, severe problem in the control of whiteflies. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying resistance against nenonicotinoids in whiteflies, RNA-seq technology was applied, and the variation in the transcriptomic profiles of susceptible whiteflies and whiteflies selected by imidacloprid, acetamiprid and thiamethoxam treatment was characterized. RESULTS: A total of 90.86 GB of clean sequence data were obtained from the 4 transcriptomes. Among the 16,069 assembled genes, 584, 110 and 147 genes were upregulated in the imidacloprid-selected strain (IMI), acetamiprid-selected strain (ACE), and thiamethoxam (THI)-selected strain, respectively, relative to the susceptible strain. Detoxification-related genes including P450s, cuticle protein genes, GSTs, UGTs and molecular chaperone HSP70s were overexpressed in the selected resistant strains, especially in the IMI strain. Five genes were downregulated in all three selected resistant strains, including 2 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B18-like genes (LOC 109030370 and LOC 109032577). CONCLUSIONS: Ten generations of selection with the three neonicotinoids induced different resistance levels and gene expression profiles, mainly involving cuticle protein and P450 genes, in the three selected resistant whitefly strains. The results provide a reference for research on resistance and cross-resistance against neonicotinoids in B. tabaci.

Dysregulation of the miR-1275/HK2 Axis Contributes to the Progression of Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Myocardial Injury.

OBJECTIVE: This research was designed to investigate the function of miR-1275 in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced myocardial injury and its in-depth mechanism. METHODS: Firstly, the differential expression of miR-1275 in patients with heart failure and healthy control were analyzed based on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Then H/R model was constructed in vitro with AC16 cells. The qRT-PCR assay was performed to analyze the expression of miR-1275 in H/R-treated cells. Afterwards, CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry assay were carried out to detect the cells viability and apoptosis. Bioinformatics prediction, western blotting and dual-luciferase reporter assays were set to check the target gene of miR-1275. Finally, we used an Elisa to test the effect of miR-1275/HK2 axis on inflammatory factors. RESULTS: We found that miR-1275 was highly expressed in patients with heart failure and H/R treated AC16 cells than that in control group, and inhibition of miR-1275 can alleviate induced-decrease of cell viability. Subsequently, we revealed that HK2 was a downstream target gene of miR-1275, which was lowly expressed in patients with heart failure. Furthermore, our data also suggested that inhibition of miR-1275 can significantly alleviate H/R-induced myocardial injury, which can also markedly decrease the concentration of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1 ß and increase the concentration of anti-inflammatory factors IL-10 in H/R-treated AC16 cells, while knockdown of HK2 canceled the effect caused by miR-1275 deletion. CONCLUSIONS: In summing, our results illustrated that miR-1275/HK2 axis act as a potential regulator to against H/R-induced AC16 cells injury through anti-inflammatory effect.

Acute Pancreatitis Classifications: Basis and Key Goals.

To explore the efficacy of the revised Atlanta classification (RACAP) and the determinant-based classification of acute pancreatitis severity (DBCAPS) on the basis of clinical data and feedback from patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). The authors retrospectively investigated a total of 573 patients with AP admitted to our hospital between December 2011 and December 2014. The definitions of severity and local complications in AP using RACAP and DBCAPS are presented and common points and mutual differences between the 2 groups are analyzed and discussed. Classification according to RACAP and DBCAPS found 86 (15%) and 178 (31.1%) mild cases (P < 0.01), 269 (46.9%) and 176 (30.7%) moderate cases (P < 0.01), and 218 (38.0%) and 219 (38.2%) severe cases (P = 0.95), respectively. A major contribution of DBCAPS is the introduction of a new type of severe AP, critical AP, identified in 4 patients (0.7%). Complications were observed in 313 RACAP-defined cases and 153 DBCAPS-defined cases (P < 0.01). Among the 313 RACAP-defined cases, acute peripancreatic fluid collection (236 patients, 75.40%), pancreatic pseudocysts (20 patients, 6.4%), acute necrotic collection (42 patients, 13.4%), and walled-off necrosis (15 patients, 4.8%) were observed. Among the 153 DBCAPS-defined cases, sterile peripancreatic necrosis (105 patients, 68.6%), sterile pancreatic necrosis (44 patients, 28.8%), infected peripancreatic necrosis (2 patients, 1.3%), and infected pancreatic necrosis (2/153 patients, 1.3%) were observed. Both classifications adopted organ failure and complications as determinants of severity. Revised Atlanta classification refined local complications and DBCAPS modified severity to include critical AP. In accordance with the demands of precision medicine, a combination of the 2 could be important for further clinical practice and scientific research.

Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy for obese patients with Type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy for obese patients with Type 2 diabetes. We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and the Chinese Wan fang database up to October 2013. Randomized controlled trials regarding the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic gastric bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy for obese diabetic patients were included. Two review authors independently abstracted data and assessed the risk of bias. The mean difference and relative risk were estimated with 95 per cent confidence intervals. Four randomized controlled trials met inclusion criteria. There was no significant difference between gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy groups with regard to glycosylated hemoglobin (mean difference [MD], 0.41%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.09 to 0.91), fasting plasma glucose (standardized MD, 0.61 mg/mL; 95% CI, -0.10 to 1.32), the numbers of subjects using oral antihyperglycemic medications and insulin (relative rate [RR], 1.53; 95% CI, 0.45 to 5.24; RR, 1.44; 95% CI, 0.47 to 4.39, respectively), body weight (MD, 0.42 kg; 95% CI, -5.01 to 5.85), body mass index (MD, 0.85 kg/m(2); 95% CI, 0.13 to 1.58), or waist circumference (MD, 1.59 cm; 95% CI, -3.02 to 6.19). However, cardiovascular risk was more significantly lessened in the gastric bypass group. Our meta-analysis demonstrated that compared with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass offers equal efficacy for treatment of diabetes in obese patients but is associated with a significantly decreased cardiovascular risk.

[Effects of soy isoflavone on the reproductive system development and ER-beta expression in male rat offspring in different postnatal periods].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of pre- and post-natal exposure to soy isoflavones (SIF) on the related indicators of the reproductive system development and ER-beta expression in male rat offspring. METHODS: Pregnant SD rats were randomly divided into a corn oil group (control), 3 SIF groups (50, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight), and a diethylstilbestrol (DES, 0.1 mg/ kg body weight) group to be treated respectively by intragastric gavage from pregnancy day 0. On postnatal day (PND) 21, the male offspring were treated in the same manner till sexual maturity, and on PND 49 and 90, 6 male rats from each group were killed for observation of the related indicators of the reproductive system development and the detection of the expression of ER-beta in the testis. RESULTS: The mean daily food intake showed no evident differences among the SIF and DES groups, but the food efficiency ratio (FER) was significantly decreased in the 200 and 400 mg/kg SIF and 0.1 mg/kg DES groups (P < 0.05) at 49 and 90 PND. At the dose of > or = 50 mg/kg, SIF markedly reduced the body weight of the rats (P < 0.05), even more so at 90 PND than at 49 PND. The increased dose of SIF was correlated with the reduction of testis weight, sperm head count and daily sperm production, and so was it with the elevation of the ER-beta expression, both more obviously at 90 PND than at 49 PND. CONCLUSION: Pre- and post-natal exposure to SIF affects the reproductive system development of male rat offspring, and the elevation of ER-beta expression may be one of its mechanisms.

[Characteristics of 23 species of weed in northeast of China hyperaccumulating PAHs in contaminated soils].

Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the 23 species of weed accumulation characteristics of phenanthrene, as a representative of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), from soil in the northeast of China. The result indicated that among the 23 species, the bioconcentration factors of Taraxacum ohwianum K., Potentilla aiscolor B. and Chelidonium majus L. were all higher than 1, which were 1.01, 4.98, 38.24 respectively. The phenanthrene concentrations in roots were 2.83, 16.34 and 9.66 mg/kg which were lower than those in aboveground part with phenanthrene concentrations were 15.18, 74.70 and 573.62 mg/kg, respectively. The hyperaccumulators were indicated by strong conveyance of phenanthrene from root to aboveground part. The analysis of phenanthrene concentration in aboveground weed and aboveground plant biomass showed that the accumulation of phenanthrene in plant were not correlated with their biomass. It concluded that Taraxacum ohwianum K., Potentilla aiscolor B. and Chelidonium majus L. had hyperaccumulative characteristics of phenanthrene, and it is possible to screen out plants with high biomass and hyperaccumulation capability.