Electrochemical, surface morphological and computational evaluation on carbohydrazide Schiff bases as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic medium.

Anticorrosion and adsorption behaviour of synthesized carbohydrazide Schiff bases, namely (Z)-N'-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-6-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carbohydrazide(MBTC) and (Z)-N'-(3,4-dichlorobenzylidene)-6-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carbohydrazide (CBTC) was examined for mild steel (MS) in 15% HCl medium. The corrosion inhibition study was performed by using gravimetric, thermodynamic, electrochemical and theoretical studies including density functional theory (DFT), molecular dynamic simulation (MDS) and Monte Carlo simulations (MCS). The outcomes in terms of corrosion inhibition efficiency using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method at 303 K and 150 ppm concentration were 96.75% for MBTC and 95.14% for CBTC. Both inhibitors adsorbed on the MS surface through physical as well as chemical adsorption and followed the Langmuir isotherm. The mixed-type nature of both inhibitors was identified by polarization results. Surface analysis was done using FESEM, EDX, AFM and XPS studies and results showed that a protective layer of inhibitor molecules was developed over the surface of MS. The results of DFT, MCS and MDS are in accordance with experimental results obtained by weight loss and electrochemical methods.

Perception of the Educational Environment and Its Impact on the Academic Performance of Medical School Students: a Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: To assess the perception of medical school students on their learning environment and to evaluate the association between their academic performance and perception. Material and methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in one public and one private medical school in Delhi and Tamil Nadu states of India, respectively, among 415 medical students using systematic random sampling. Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire was used to assess the perception of the educational environment. Academic performance was analysed using the average percentage of marks scored from the recently passed final university examination scores. Results:The mean (SD) age of study participants was 21.9 (1.4) years. The mean (SD) overall score for public and private institutes was 134.5 (20.23) and 98.4 (25.14), respectively. There was no significant difference in the mean overall score between the academic year; however, there was a significant difference in students' perception of learning (SPoL), with higher scores being found among the fourth year and interns (p-value <0.001). Conclusions:The public institute had significantly higher total and subtotal scores when compared to private institutions. Evaluation of the ongoing educational program using the DREEM tool helps to identify the students' perception of the academic environment.

Impact on Kayakalp scores after undertaking of a primary health center by community medicine dept. of a medical college of J and K.

Introduction: To complement the Swachhata Abhiyaan effort, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, initiated "KAYAKALP." Kayakalp is an initiative to improve the cleanliness, hygiene, and sanitation of public health facilities by recognizing and giving awards to those who exhibit a high level of cleanliness, hygiene, and infection control. Our study aimed to assess the level of cleanliness, hygiene, and infection control practices in the health care facility after undertaking by the department of Community Medicine of a medical college. Methodology: A retrospective comparative observational study was conducted at RHTC in the Kathua district of UT J and K. We compare the level of cleanliness, hygiene, and infection control practices using the Kayakalp scoring tool before and after taking over by the department of Community Medicine of a medical college. The scoring for various areas of concern is based on a checklist for quality assessment which includes facility upkeep, sanitation and hygiene, waste management, and infection control. Results: The total scores vary before and after undertaking of a Primary Health Center (PHC) by the Community Medicine Department of new medical college of J and K. Overall scores vary from the baseline score of 56% before to 84% now after 2 years of the undertaking. Conclusion: Resource management and capacity building under the guidance of public health professionals can result in a significant increase in hygiene, cleanliness, and infection control. So integrated approach involves public health specialists and other medical professionals like medical officers, field workers, sanitary inspectors. etc., can be helpful in recognizing the challenges and barriers.

A Study on Community needs, perceptions and demand regarding the use of the health services during COVID-19 pandemic in district Kathua, J and K.

Introduction: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on essential health services is a source of great concern. Health gains made during the last 2-3 decades have been halted due to shifting of resources to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. Aim and Objective: This study was conducted to identify community needs, demands, and perceptions regarding the effectiveness of using health services during the pandemic. Methodology: This was a qualitative study which was conducted through focus group discussions. The participants comprised of three groups: community leaders, healthcare providers, and field workers. Discussion among the participants was conducted using the standardized World Health Organization community assessment tool. Result: In our study, it was reported that most of the essential health services were disrupted due to COVID-19 pandemic. The barriers to accessing essential health services have been exacerbated and the provision of community-based services is effected due to this. In regard to COVID-19 vaccination also, there remain individuals who are reluctant to be vaccinated. Conclusion: Our study shows that the community faced barriers in accessing and using health services during the pandemic. To ensure the public's access to health services and strengthen healthcare preparedness strategies like health budget allocation, manpower, infrastructure, trainings, integration with primary healthcare, etc., need to be carried out during and after the pandemic. Thus, participation and inter-sectoral coordination across levels are required to overcome these barriers.

Job Satisfaction among Resident Doctors of a Tertiary Care Hospital in South Delhi.

Background: Doctors' job satisfaction is crucial to the health service to ensure commitment, effective training, service provision, and retention. Job satisfaction matters to doctors for their happiness, fulfilment, service to patients, and duty to employers. The quality of performance in the health sector to a large extent depends on whether healthcare providers are job-satisfied or dissatisfied. Objectives: This study assessed the level and factors determining job satisfaction among resident doctors in a federal tertiary institution. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the resident doctors of a government tertiary care hospital. Data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire consisting of 49 items under seven domains of job satisfaction, where higher values indicated a higher level of satisfaction. The average scores of items were computed to construct factor scores for each individual. A Chi-square test was applied. Results: The proportion of job satisfaction among resident doctors was found to be 80.9%. On adjustment, the odds of being satisfied were found to be higher in the older age groups, among males, and doctors posted in clinical departments. Conclusion: Most respondents in this study were satisfied with their jobs with minorities satisfied with their monetary and infrastructure facilities. There is a need to address these issues to enhance healthcare quality, especially in the public sector.

How Effective the Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Quality of Life in Women With Menopause.

Introduction: In woman's life menopause can cause psychological and somatic disturbances. Psychological and behavioural intervention is effective in reducing menopause-related symptoms. Aims: The present study was done to find effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive behavioural therapy (MBCT) on quality of life among menopausal women. Methods and Material: The present study was double-blind randomized trial conducted among menopausal women at tertiary care hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The study was conducted among 50 women who had attained menopause. They were randomly divided into intervention (n = 25) and control (n = 25) groups. The MBCT was given once a week to intervention group over eight one-hour sessions and control group received no intervention. The data collection instruments included a demographic questionnaire, Kupperman's index, and menopause-related quality of life questionnaire, which were fulfilled by both groups before, immediately after, and 2 weeks after completion of intervention. Paired t-test was applied before intervention and at 10 weeks for both the groups. Results: The difference between the scores before and after intervention i.e after 10 weeks in all the domains and total domain was significant in intervention group compared to control group. Conclusions: Mindfulness based approaches may improve severity of vasomotor and psychological symptoms of menopause, thus enhancing quality of life.

Comparison of Mental Health Status of Married and Unmarried Girls of Late Adolescent Age in an Urban Slum of Delhi.

INTRODUCTION: Late adolescence age (16-19 years) is organized around central task of achieving an identity. In India, age at marriage for girls has been legally declared as 18 years, but many girls are married much before this age. Early marriage for girls can have profound psychological and emotional impacts. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim was to study the impact of marriage on mental health of married girls of late adolescent age and to compare them with unmarried girls of the same age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comparison study was conducted among girls of late adolescent age in an urban slum of North East Delhi. Background information was collected through oral questionnaire method. The mental health of the study participants was assessed using validated tool "General Health Questionnaire-12" and "Symptom Checklist-90." RESULTS: Education and economic status of participants and parents were significantly associated with early marriage. Majority of married girls were found to be associated with risk of developing mental health disorders.

Personality traits as a predictor of emotional intelligence among medical students.

INTRODUCTION: Emotional intelligence (EI) is the ability to understand and manage our own feelings and of others. It has emerged as one of the vital elements of success and interpersonal relations in everyday life. There are individual differences of EI depending on characteristics and behaviors of an individual, which determines their personality. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The present study assesses the EI and personality traits of medical students and determines the relationship of EI with personality traits of the medical students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study and was conducted among students of a government medical college, located in New Delhi. A total of 210 participants were included in the study. After obtaining written informed consent from all participants, a questionnaire consisting of demographic information, Ten-Item Personality Inventory and Schutte EI Scale, was administered. The means and proportions were calculated. Chi-square test and Pearson's correlation test were used to test significance. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean (standard deviation) age of the study participants was 21.54 (±1.98) years. The majority (65.7%) of the students were male. 51% of the students had moderate EI, and high EI was seen in 49% of the students. A positive and significant relationship between personality traits and EI was found in the study. CONCLUSION: Personality traits and EI are related to one another and could influence student academic achievement. Since EI influences academic performance so personality trait assessment and empathic perceptions exploration can facilitate to aid the academic performance of the students.

Suggested spontaneous resolution of possible paediatric hydrosalpinx: a case report with discussion.

Hydrosalpinx is a rare cause of abdominal pain in paediatric patients, though cases are documented in the literature. Its aetiology differs considerably from traditional hydrosalpinx due to ascending sexually transmitted infection. Hydrosalpinx can resent mimicking an acute abdomen or can be asymptomatic. Management of paediatric hydrosalpinx varies but often involves surgical removal of the affected tube. A 12-year-old girl presented with left-sided acute abdominal pain setting within 24 h. Initial ultrasound scan suggested presence of hydrosalpinx. Post-discharge follow-up appointment with a consultant paediatric gynaecologist demonstrated no symptomology, but repeated scan by another sonographer showed continued presence of possible hydrosalpinx, which had since grown. Later, MRI was performed to confirm site of the lesion. However, MRI revealed no tubal masses, suggesting spontaneously resolved hydrosalpinx. Consultant-administered ultrasound scan confirm no tubal abnormalities. Our case suggests spontaneous resolution in possible paediatric hydrosalpinx. Our recommendation is for conservative management of asymptomatic paediatric and adolescent hydrosalpinges, with emergency surgery offered if symptoms indicative of tubal or adnexal torsion.