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1.
Nutr Hosp ; 34(5): 1299-1304, 2017 Nov 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29280643

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: It seems relevant to analyze the body composition in the early childhood. However, there is not an agreement in the protocol to assess body composition in this age range/group. OBJECTIVE: To determine the most useful equation to estimate the body fat percentage that preschool children contain and the utility of the waist-to-height ratio to determine abdominal obesity. METHODS: We measured (weight, height, waist circumference and skinfolds) in 285 children aged 2 to 7 years old. BMI Z-Score, waist-to-height ratio and body fat percentage were estimated by Brook and Lukaski, Siri, Goran, Slaughter, Deurenberg, Huang, Dezenberg and Hoffman equations. RESULTS: It was found 26% combined overweight and obesity, with similar distribution in both sexes. The body fat obtained with the Hoffman equation (15.6-31.9%) showed the highest correlation with children BMI Z-Score. Waist-to-height ratio also presented a good relationship with children weight status. There were not significant differences between gender and body fat percentage or waist-to-height ratio. CONCLUSIONS: Hoffman equation and waist-to-height ratio could be adequate to estimate body fat percentage and abdominal obesity respectively in Spanish preschool children from medium-low socioeconomic status.


Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/fisiologia , Composição Corporal/fisiologia , Dobras Cutâneas , Estatura , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Fatores Sexuais , Espanha/epidemiologia , Circunferência da Cintura
2.
Nutr Hosp ; 31(5): 2109-14, 2015 May 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25929381

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to determine the presence of metabolic syndrome predictors in 2-to-7- year-old children according to nutrition state. METHOD: A descriptive study with quantitative analysis was conducted in 260 2-to-7-year-old children (135 girls and 125 boys), 66% of the total census. Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were measured and BMI, body fat by Hoffman and waist-to-height ratio (ICT) were calculated. Subgroups according BMI Z-Score by age and gender (low weight, normal weight, overweight and obesity), body fat (normal and excess), ICT (normal and abdominal obesity) and systolic pressure (normotensive and hypertensive by age and gender) were performed. BMI Z-Score classification was primary endpoint used. RESULTS: Combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was 27%, with no difference by sex. Nutritional state was significantly associated with blood pressure, body fat and abdominal obesity as waist-to-height ratio. Higher percentage of obese children had high systolic blood pressure versus normal weight children (OR = 4.1; 95% CI 1.7-9.8; p <0.001). Higher hypertension risk was found in abdominal obesity group (OR = 84.4, 95% CI 17.8-194.0; p <0.001). ICT correlates with groups of systolic blood pressure (p <0.001). Distribution by ICT is consistent with the BMI Z-Score ones, increasing abdominal obesity with BMI (in 96.8% of obese match both criteria). CONCLUSION: A direct relation between overweight and obesity with hypertension, body fat and abdominal obesity in preschoolers is presented. It is showed the validity of accessible anthropometric (ICT and body fat percentage) to study metabolic syndrome risk factors.


Se plantea como objetivo determinar la presencia de predictores de síndrome metabólico en niños de 2 a 7 años en relación a su estado nutricional. Método: Estudio descriptivo con análisis cuantitativo en 260 niños de 2-7 años (135 niñas y 125 niños), 66% del total censados. Se midieron parámetros antropométricos y tensión arterial y se calcularon IMC, grasa corporal según Hoffman e índice cintura-talla (ICT). Se realizaron subgrupos con Z-Score del IMC según edad y sexo (bajo peso, normopeso, sobrepeso y obesidad), según grasa corporal (normal y con exceso), ICT (normal y obesidad abdominal) y tensión sistólica (normotensos e hipertensos según edad y sexo). Se utilizó como variable principal la clasificación según Z-Score del IMC. Resultados: La prevalencia combinada de sobrepeso y obesidad fue del 27%, sin diferencias por sexo. El estado nutricional relacionó significativamente con tensión arterial, grasa corporal e índice cintura-talla. Mayor porcentaje de obesos con tensión arterial sistólica alta que de normonutridos (OR=4.1; IC95% 1.7-9.8; p.


Assuntos
Pressão Sanguínea , Distribuição da Gordura Corporal , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Obesidade Abdominal/epidemiologia , Obesidade/patologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/fisiopatologia , Obesidade Abdominal/fisiopatologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prevalência , Espanha/epidemiologia
3.
Nutr. hosp ; 31(5): 2109-2144, mayo 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-140378

RESUMO

Se plantea como objetivo determinar la presencia de predictores de síndrome metabólico en niños de 2 a 7 años en relación a su estado nutricional. Método: Estudio descriptivo con análisis cuantitativo en 260 niños de 2-7 años (135 niñas y 125 niños), 66% del total censados. Se midieron parámetros antropométricos y tensión arterial y se calcularon IMC, grasa corporal según Hoffman e índice cintura-talla (ICT). Se realizaron subgrupos con Z-Score del IMC según edad y sexo (bajo peso, normopeso, sobrepeso y obesidad), según grasa corporal (normal y con exceso), ICT (normal y obesidad abdominal) y tensión sistólica (normotensos e hipertensos según edad y sexo). Se utilizó como variable principal la clasificación según Z-Score del IMC. Resultados: La prevalencia combinada de sobrepeso y obesidad fue del 27%, sin diferencias por sexo. El estado nutricional relacionó significativamente con tensión arterial, grasa corporal e índice cintura-talla. Mayor porcentaje de obesos con tensión arterial sistólica alta que de normonutridos (OR=4.1; IC95% 1.7-9.8; p<0,001). Mayor riesgo de hipertensión en obesidad abdominal (OR=84.4; IC95% 17.8-194.0; p<0,001). El ICT correlaciona con los grupos de tensión arterial sistólica (p<0,001). La distribución según ICT es concordante con la de Z-Score de IMC, aumentando la obesidad abdominal con el IMC (en el 96.8% de obesos coinciden ambos criterios). Conclusión: Se presenta una relación directa entre sobrepeso y obesidad con hipertensión arterial, grasa corporal y obesidad abdominal en preescolares. Se muestra la validez de valores antropométricos accesibles (ICT y porcentaje de grasa corporal) para estudiar factores de riesgo del síndrome metabólico (AU)


Objective: The aim of this paper is to determine the presence of metabolic syndrome predictors in 2-to-7- year-old children according to nutrition state. Method: A descriptive study with quantitative analysis was conducted in 260 2-to-7-year-old children (135 girls and 125 boys), 66% of the total census. Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were measured and BMI, body fat by Hoffman and waist-to-height ratio (ICT) were calculated. Subgroups according BMI Z-Score by age and gender (low weight, normal weight, overweight and obesity), body fat (normal and excess), ICT (normal and abdominal obesity) and systolic pressure (normotensive and hypertensive by age and gender) were performed. BMI Z-Score classification was primary endpoint used. Results: Combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was 27%, with no difference by sex. Nutritional state was significantly associated with blood pressure, body fat and abdominal obesity as waist-to-height ratio. Higher percentage of obese children had high systolic blood pressure versus normal weight children (OR = 4.1; 95% CI 1.7-9.8; p<0.001). Higher hypertension risk was found in abdominal obesity group (OR = 84.4, 95% CI 17.8-194.0; p<0.001). ICT correlates with groups of systolic blood pressure p<0.001). Distribution by ICT is consistent with the BMI Z-Score ones, increasing abdominal obesity with BMI (in 96.8% of obese match both criteria). Conclusion: A direct relation between overweight and obesity with hypertension, body fat and abdominal obesity in preschoolers is presented. It is showed the validity of accessible anthropometric (ICT and body fat percentage) to study metabolic syndrome risk factors (AU)


Assuntos
Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidade Abdominal/epidemiologia , Tecido Adiposo , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Sístole/fisiologia , Dobras Cutâneas , Fatores de Risco , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Estado Nutricional/fisiologia , Determinação da Pressão Arterial , Composição Corporal
4.
Nutr Hosp ; 30(3): 478-85, 2014 Sep 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25238821

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: There are different parameters to express the loss of weight in the treatment of overweight and obesity: absolute loss, percentage of loss, decrease in BMI, etc. OBJECTIVE: To determine the magnitudes more used in the bibliography in order to establish criteria for uniformity in the expression of those results. METHODS: a systematic review of the last five years has made at Proquest, CINHAL, Scopus, with descriptors "body fat distribution" and "diet" and "diet, reducing" and "weight loss". Articles published in English, French and Spanish were selected. Inclusion criteria were used: articles only dietary treatment of overweight in humans, and exclusion criteria: not dietary treatments, metabolic diseases, less than 50 patients and less than 8 weeks of treatment. Title, summary, methodology, results and discussion have been analysed by two researchers independently. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: 854 items found, only 61 met the criteria. These were grouped into 5 subgroups, as they expressed the weight loss (weight or fat loss in kg; weight and fat loss in kg; weight or fat loss in %; weight loss in % and fat loss in kg or vice versa; weight and far loss in%). The results show a lack of homogeneity in the loss, being the percentage the most used expression. CONCLUSIONS: There is great heterogeneity in the expression of results of the treatments for weight loss; the diet is one of the least used tools; the analysis of clinical trials of intervention reflects a high quality in subjects older than 18 years, highlighting the lack of this type of research lines in children under 18 years. Therefore, it should standardize the magnitudes of expression of the success of these treatments and increase the lines of research on this topic.


Introduccion: Existen diferentes tratamientos para reducir el sobrepeso y la obesidad; no obstante, los resultados de los tratamientos sobre la pérdida de peso tienen una expresión muy heterogénea. Objetivo: Determinar las unidades de medida más utilizadas en los tratamientos de pérdida de peso, mediante la revisión de artículos científicos. Método: Se ha realizado una revisión sistemática de los últimos 5 años en CINHAL, Proquest y Scopus. Se han seleccionado los artículos publicados en inglés, francés y español. Los criterios de inclusión han sido: artículos de tratamiento únicamente dietético del sobrepeso en humanos. Los criterios de exclusión: tratamientos no dietéticos, enfermedades metabólicas, menos de 50 pacientes y menos de 8 semanas de tratamiento. La revisión ha sido realizada por dos investigadores independientes. Resultados y discusión: De 854 artículos, sólo 61 cumplían con los criterios establecidos. Estos se agruparon en 5 subgrupos, según expresaban la pérdida, en kilos o en porcentajes. Los resultados muestran falta de homogeneidad en la expresión de dicha pérdida. Conclusiones: Existe una gran heterogeneidad en la expresión de los resultados de los tratamientos de pérdida de peso; la dieta es una de las herramientas menos usadas; el análisis de los ensayos clínicos de intervención refleja una alta calidad en los sujetos mayores de 18 años, destacando la carencia de este tipo de líneas de investigación en los menores de esa edad. Por ello, se deberían estandarizar las magnitudes de expresión del éxito de dichos tratamientos y aumentar las líneas de investigación sobre este tema.


Assuntos
Obesidade/diagnóstico , Obesidade/terapia , Redução de Peso , Pesos e Medidas Corporais/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos
5.
Nutr. hosp ; 30(3): 478-485, sept. 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-143767

RESUMO

Existen diferentes tratamientos para reducir el sobrepeso y la obesidad; no obstante, los resultados de los tratamientos sobre la pérdida de peso tienen una expresión muy heterogénea. Objetivo: Determinar las unidades de medida más utilizadas en los tratamientos de pérdida de peso, mediante la revisión de artículos científicos. Método: Se ha realizado una revisión sistemática de los últimos 5 años en CINHAL, Proquest y Scopus. Se han seleccionado los artículos publicados en inglés, francés y español. Los criterios de inclusión han sido: artículos de tratamiento únicamente dietético del sobrepeso en humanos. Los criterios de exclusión: tratamientos no dietéticos, enfermedades metabólicas, menos de 50 pacientes y menos de 8 semanas de tratamiento. La revisión ha sido realizada por dos investigadores independientes. Resultados y discusión: De 854 artículos, sólo 61 cumplían con los criterios establecidos. Estos se agruparon en 5 subgrupos, según expresaban la pérdida, en kilos o en porcentajes. Los resultados muestran falta de homogeneidad en la expresión de dicha pérdida. Conclusiones: Existe una gran heterogeneidad en la expresión de los resultados de los tratamientos de pérdida de peso; la dieta es una de las herramientas menos usadas; el análisis de los ensayos clínicos de intervención refleja una alta calidad en los sujetos mayores de 18 años, destacando la carencia de este tipo de líneas de investigación en los menores de esa edad. Por ello, se deberían estandarizar las magnitudes de expresión del éxito de dichos tratamientos y aumentar las líneas de investigación sobre este tema (AU)


There are different parameters to express the loss of weight in the treatment of overweight and obesity: absolute loss, percentage of loss, decrease in BMI, etc. Objective: To determine the magnitudes more used in the bibliography in order to establish criteria for uniformity in the expression of those results. Methods: a systematic review of the last five years has made at Proquest, CINHAL, Scopus, with descriptors «body fat distribution» and «diet» and «diet, reducing» and «weight loss». Articles published in English, French and Spanish were selected. Inclusion criteria were used: articles only dietary treatment of overweight in humans, and exclusion criteria: not dietary treatments, metabolic diseases, less than 50 patients and less than 8 weeks of treatment. Title, summary, methodology, results and discussion have been analysed by two researchers independently. Results and discussion: 854 items found, only 61 met the criteria. These were grouped into 5 subgroups, as they expressed the weight loss (weight or fat loss in kg; weight and fat loss in kg; weight or fat loss in %; weight loss in % and fat loss in kg or vice versa; weight and far loss in%). The results show a lack of homogeneity in the loss, being the percentage the most used expression. Conclusions: There is great heterogeneity in the expression of results of the treatments for weight loss; the diet is one of the least used tools; the analysis of clinical trials of intervention reflects a high quality in subjects older than 18 years, highlighting the lack of this type of research lines in children under 18 years. Therefore, it should standardize the magnitudes of expression of the success of these treatments and increase the lines of research on this topic (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Dieta Redutora/métodos , Redução de Peso/fisiologia , Pesos e Medidas , Pesos e Medidas Corporais , Tamanho da Porção de Referência/estatística & dados numéricos , Distribuição da Gordura Corporal/estatística & dados numéricos , Resultado do Tratamento
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