Effect on Adipose Tissue of Diabetic Mice Supplemented with n-3 Fatty Acids Extracted from Microalgae.

BACKGROUND: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is considered a chronic noncommunicable disease in which oxidative stress is expected as a result of hyperglycaemia. One of the most recent approaches is the study of microalgae fatty acids and their possible antioxidant effect. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyse the effect of supplementation with n-3 fatty acids extracted from microalgae on the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid peroxidation of adipose tissue and plasma from diabetic (db/db) and healthy (CD1) mice. METHODS: Mice were supplemented with lyophilized n-3 fatty acids extracted from microalgae or added to the diet, from week 8 to 16. TAC assay and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances assay (TBARS) were performed on adipose tissue and plasma samples. RESULTS: The supplementation of lyophilized n-3 fatty acids from microalgae increased the total antioxidant capacity in adipose tissue of diabetic mice (615.67µM Trolox equivalents vs 405.02µM Trolox equivalents from control mice, p<0.01) and in the plasma of healthy mice (1132.97±85.75µM Trolox equivalents vs 930.64±32µM Trolox equivalents from modified diet mice, p<0.01). There was no significant effect on lipid peroxidation on both strains. CONCLUSION: The use of n-3 fatty acids extracted from microalgae could be a useful strategy to improve total antioxidant capacity in T2DM.

Correlation of the Homeostasis Model Assessment Index and Adiponectin, Leptin and Insulin Levels to Body Mass Index-Associated Gene Polymorphisms in Adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to describe correlations between glucose, insulin and adipokine levels and the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index with regards to the presence/absence of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) rs9939609 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-y rs1801282 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as indicators of body mass index in adolescents. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted between September and December 2016 in Toluca, Mexico. A total of 71 students between 14-18 years old were included. Various anthropometric and laboratory measurements were collected, including lipid profile, glucose, insulin and adipokine levels and HOMA index. The degree of association between variables was evaluated with regards to the presence/absence of the SNPs. RESULTS: Leptin levels were significantly higher among female students (P = 0.001), although adiponectin levels did not differ significantly (P = 0.060). There were significant positive correlations between insulin levels and HOMA index with FTO (r = 0.391; P = 0.007 and r = 0.413; P = 0.005, respectively) and PPARγ (r = 0.529; P = 0.007 and r = 0.537; P = 0.007, respectively) SNPs. Leptin showed a significant positive correlation in the presence of PPARγ (r = 0.483; P = 0.007) or in the absence of both SNPs (r = 0.627; P = 0.039). However, adiponectin was significantly negatively correlated in the presence of FTO, either alone (r = -0.333; P = 0.024) or in combination with PPARγ (r = -0.616; P = 0.043). CONCLUSION: The presence of FTO and/or PPARγ SNPs might be related to a genetic predisposition to metabolic syndrome.