Tiña por Nannizzia nana: caso clínico y revisión bibliográfica / Ringworm by Nannizzia nana: Clinical case and literature review

Introducción Las dermatofitosis humanas son el grupo más extendido de infecciones causadas por hongos. Estos son capaces de invadir los tejidos que contienen queratina de los animales. Nannizzia nana (N. nana) puede causar tiña en cerdos y que de manera excepcional puede producir infecciones en humanos. Métodos Realizamos una búsqueda en PubMed de artículos publicados desde el 1 de enero de 1990 hasta el 31 de marzo del 2022 para identificar casos adicionales. Los términos de búsqueda empleados fueron «Microsporum nanum» y «Nannizzia nana». Resultados Tras la revisión bibliográfica identificamos un total 16 casos de dermatofitosis por N. nana desde 1990. En la mayoría de los pacientes, el diagnóstico clínico fue tinea corporis y los antifúngicos más utilizados fueron terbinafina y griseofulvina. Conclusión N. nana es una especie de dermatofito aislada infrecuentemente en humanos, pero que representa una fuente potencial de dermatofitosis en personas que entran en contacto directo o indirecto con animales y con el suelo (AU)

Introduction Human dermatophytoses are the most widespread infections caused by fungi. These are capable of invading the keratin-containing tissues of animals. Nannizzia nana (N. nana) can cause ringworm in pigs and rarely cause infections in humans. Methods We conducted a search using PubMed for articles published from January 1, 1990 to March 31, 2022 to identify additional cases. The search terms used were “Microsporum nanum” and “Nannizzia nana”. Results After reviewing the literature, we identified a total of 16 cases of dermatophytosis due to N. nana since 1990. In most of the patients, the clinical diagnosis was tinea corporis and the most widely used antifungals were: terbinafine and griseofulvin. Conclusion N. nana is a dermatophyte species isolated infrequently in humans, but it represents a potential source of dermatophytosis in people who come into direct or indirect contact with animals and soil (AU)

The CARBA-MAP study: national mapping of carbapenemases in Spain (2014-2018).

Introduction: Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including isolates producing acquired carbapenemases, constitute a prevalent health problem worldwide. The primary objective of this study was to determine the distribution of the different carbapenemases among carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE, specifically Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae complex, and Klebsiella aerogenes) and carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa (CPPA) in Spain from January 2014 to December 2018. Methods: A national, retrospective, cross-sectional multicenter study was performed. The study included the first isolate per patient and year obtained from clinical samples and obtained for diagnosis of infection in hospitalized patients. A structured questionnaire was completed by the participating centers using the REDCap platform, and results were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 29.0.0. Results: A total of 2,704 carbapenemase-producing microorganisms were included, for which the type of carbapenemase was determined in 2692 cases: 2280 CPE (84.7%) and 412 CPPA (15.3%), most often using molecular methods and immunochromatographic assays. Globally, the most frequent types of carbapenemase in Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa were OXA-48-like, alone or in combination with other enzymes (1,523 cases, 66.8%) and VIM (365 cases, 88.6%), respectively. Among Enterobacterales, carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae was reported in 1821 cases (79.9%), followed by E. cloacae complex in 334 cases (14.6%). In Enterobacterales, KPC is mainly present in the South and South-East regions of Spain and OXA-48-like in the rest of the country. Regarding P. aeruginosa, VIM is widely distributed all over the country. Globally, an increasing percentage of OXA-48-like enzymes was observed from 2014 to 2017. KPC enzymes were more frequent in 2017-2018 compared to 2014-2016. Discussion: Data from this study help to understand the situation and evolution of the main species of CPE and CPPA in Spain, with practical implications for control and optimal treatment of infections caused by these multi-drug resistant organisms.

Ringworm by Nannizzia nana: Clinical case and literature review.

INTRODUCTION: Human dermatophytoses are the most widespread infections caused by fungi. These are capable of invading the keratin-containing tissues of animals. Nannizzia nana (N. nana) can cause ringworm in pigs and rarely cause infections in humans. METHODS: We conducted a search using PUBMED for articles published from January 1, 1990 to March 31, 2022 to identify additional cases. The search terms used were "Microsporum nanum" and "Nannizzia nana". RESULTS: After reviewing the literature, we identified a total of 16 cases of dermatophytosis due to N. nana since 1990. In most of the patients, the clinical diagnosis was tinea corporis and the most widely used antifungals were: terbinafine and griseofulvin. CONCLUSION: N. nana is a dermatophyte species isolated infrequently in humans, but it represents a potential source of dermatophytosis in people who come into direct or indirect contact with animals and soil.

Evaluación del citómetro UF-1000i como método de cribado en el diagnóstico de infecciones del tracto urinario / Evaluation of the Sysmex UF-1000i flow cytometer for screening of urinary tract infection

INTRODUCCIÓN: El cultivo de orina supone una enorme carga de trabajo en el Laboratorio de Microbiología y sigue siendo técnica de referencia para el diagnóstico de las infecciones urinarias. Considerando la elevada prevalencia de resultados negativos, la implementación de un método de cribado fiable y rápido podría suponer un ahorro en costes de carga de trabajo y adelantar los resultados negativos. MÉTODO: Evaluamos la utilidad del citómetro de flujo UF-1000i® (bioMérieux, España) para cribado de muestras negativas que se pueden excluir del cultivo. Dividimos las muestras en 2 grupos: grupo 1, hombres y mujeres en edad fértil, que se consideran positivas con un crecimiento ≥ 104 UFC/ml, y grupo 2, consideradas positivas con crecimiento ≥ 105 UFC/ml. RESULTADOS: Enfrentando los datos del cultivo y del cribado en curva ROC, los puntos de mejor sensibilidad y especificidad fueron de 53,1 bacterias/μl para el grupo 1, y de 128,35 bacterias/μl para el grupo 2. En el grupo 1 la sensibilidad fue del 92,2%, la especificidad del 60%, la reducción de cultivos de orina del 46%, con el 2,1% de falsos negativos (42 muestras). En el grupo 2, la sensibilidad fue del 86%, la especificidad del 87,7%, la reducción de cultivos del 57,5%, con el 5,1% de falsos negativos (74 muestras). CONCLUSIÓN: La incorporación del citómetro UF-1000i al cribado de las muestras de orina depende mucho de las características de los pacientes y de la definición de cultivo de orina positivo. En nuestro caso, con el estudio exclusivo de la bacteriuria, los datos de reducción de carga de trabajo y de falsos negativos cuestionan seriamente esta incorporación

INTRODUCTION: The urine culture is a huge workload in the Microbiology Laboratory and remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections. Considering the high prevalence of negative results, the implementation of a reliable screening method could lead to cost saving in the workload, and speedup reporting of negative results. METHODS: We evaluated the usefulness of the flow cytometer UF-1000i in the screening for negative samples than could be excluded from culture. We divided the samples into two groups, Group 1, males and women of childbearing age who were considered positive with a growth ≥ 104 CFU/ml, and Group 2,considered positive with ≥ 105 CFU/ml growth. RESULTS: On comparing the culture and screening data in the ROC curve, the best sensitivity and specificity points were 53.1 bact/l for Group 1, and 128.3 bact/l for Group 2. In Group 1, the sensitivity was 92.2%and a specificity of 60%, a reduction in urine cultures of 46%, with 2.1% false negative (42 samples). In Group 2, the sensitivity was 86%, with a specificity of 87.7%, a culture reduction of 57.5%, and 5.1% false negatives (74 samples). CONCLUSION: The incorporating of the UF-1000i cytometer to the screening of urine samples depends on the characteristics of the patients and the definition of positive urine culture. In our case, with only studying bacteriuria, the data on the reduction of workload and the false negatives seriously question this incorporation

[Evaluation of the Sysmex UF-1000i flow cytometer for screening of urinary tract infection]. / Evaluación del citómetro UF-1000i como método de cribado en el diagnóstico de infecciones del tracto urinario.

INTRODUCTION: The urine culture is a huge workload in the Microbiology Laboratory and remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections. Considering the high prevalence of negative results, the implementation of a reliable screening method could lead to cost saving in the workload, and speed up reporting of negative results. METHODS: We evaluated the usefulness of the flow cytometer UF-1000i in the screening for negative samples than could be excluded from culture. We divided the samples into two groups, Group 1, males and women of childbearing age who were considered positive with a growth ≥ 104 CFU/ml, and Group 2, considered positive with ≥ 105 CFU/ml growth. RESULTS: On comparing the culture and screening data in the ROC curve, the best sensitivity and specificity points were 53.1 bact/µl for Group 1, and 128.3 bact/µl for Group 2. In Group 1, the sensitivity was 92.2% and a specificity of 60%, a reduction in urine cultures of 46%, with 2.1% false negative (42 samples). In Group 2, the sensitivity was 86%, with a specificity of 87.7%, a culture reduction of 57.5%, and 5.1% false negatives (74 samples). CONCLUSION: The incorporating of the UF-1000i cytometer to the screening of urine samples depends on the characteristics of the patients and the definition of positive urine culture. In our case, with only studying bacteriuria, the data on the reduction of workload and the false negatives seriously question this incorporation.