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2.
Chemosphere ; 340: 139847, 2023 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37595689

RESUMO

To achieve a waste-free clean production, the present study aimed to valorize an underused agroindustrial byproduct (rice bran) by mealworms bioconversion and produce bio-oil from pyrolysis of insect excreta (frass) as bioinsecticide. To reach the first goal, the suitability of rice bran (RB) versus standard diet, wheat bran (WB), was examined by determining feed conversion, growth performance, and nutritional profile of T. molitor larvae. RB diet was an appropriate feed substrate for breeding mealworms, as evidenced by their high survival rates, optimal feed conversion parameters, and its capability to support the growth and life cycle of this insect. Besides, RB did not affect soluble larval protein content but modified crude fat content and fatty acid profile. In order to address the second aim, egested frass from RB and WB were subjected to pyrolysis to obtain bio-oils. The main compound was acetic acid (≈37%) followed by 1,6-anhydro-ß-d-glucopyranose (from 16 to 25%), as measured by GC-MS analysis. Nitrogen-containing chemicals accounted for ≈10%. Frass bio-oils could represent a novel source of bioinsecticides due to their bioeffectiveness in insect pests of economic importance (Plodia interpunctella and Tribolium castaneum) and medical interest (Culex pipiens pipiens). For P. interpunctella adults, frass bio-oils produced insecticidal activity by fumigant and contact exposure whereas for T. castaneum adults, just fumigant. By a miniaturized model that simulates semireal storage conditions, it was seen that, on T. castaneum, frass RB bio-oil generated higher repellent effect than frass WB. Finally, bio-oils proved to have larvicidal activity against Cx. p. pipiens.


Assuntos
Tenebrio , Animais , Pirólise , Óleos de Plantas , Fibras na Dieta
3.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 82(supl.2): 1-55, abr. 2022. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1375898

RESUMO

Resumen Los anticoagulantes orales directos han surgido como una de las herramientas que ha cambiado el manejo de la enfermedad trombótica en los últimos 15 años. Sus ventajas, desde el punto de vista de la facilidad de uso y menor riesgo de sangrado, especialmente de sangrado cerebral, han posicionado a estos nuevos anticoagulantes como la primera alternativa de tratamiento en las dos indicaciones más frecuentes en que necesitamos estas drogas, la fibrilación auricular y la enfermedad tromboembólica venosa. Sin embargo, no todos los pacientes pueden recibir estos agentes, no todos los anticoagulantes directos tienen las mismas pro piedades y fundamentalmente, no todas las enfermedades con indicación de un anticoagulante pueden tratarse con ellos;con lo cual es necesario que todos los profesionales que están involucrados en el manejo de estos medicamentos estén obligados a conocerlos en profundidad, para poder decidir el mejor tratamiento en cada caso particular. Este documento de posición de expertos de diferentes especialidades de Argentina, presenta lineamientos para el uso correcto de los anticoagulantes directos en base a nueva evidencia y a la experiencia de uso de un amplio grupo de profesionales. La forma de relacionarnos con el tratamiento anticoagulante ha cambiado. Los médicos que trabajamos con ellos también debemos hacerlo.


Abstract Direct oral anticoagulants have emerged as the drugs that have changed the man agement of the antithrombotic treatment in the last 15 years. Their advantages, like a more friendly way of anticoagulation and their lower risk of bleeding, especially in the brain, have positioned these new anticoagu lants as the first drug of choice in the two most frequent indications of anticoagulation, atrial fibrillation, and the venous thromboembolic disease. However, not all the patients can receive these agents, not all the direct oral anticoagulants have the same characteristics, and most importantly, not all the diseases with an indication of an anticoagulant drug can be treated with them. Therefore, it is mandatory that all the faculties involved in the management of these drugs must know them in depth, to decide the best treatment for the patient. This position paper, from a group of experts in anticoagulation in Argentina, can help the general practitioner in the daily use of direct oral anticoagulants based on the new evidence and the experience of a wide group of professionals. The way we relate to the anticoagulant treatment has changed in the last years. The doctors who work with them must also do so.

4.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 82 Suppl 2: 1-55, 2022 Mar.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35344926

RESUMO

Direct oral anticoagulants have emerged as the drugs that have changed the management of the antithrombotic treatment in the last 15 years. Their advantages, like a more friendly way of anticoagulation and their lower risk of bleeding, especially in the brain, have positioned these new anticoagulants as the first drug of choice in the two most frequent indications of anticoagulation, atrial fibrillation, and the venous thromboembolic disease. However, not all the patients can receive these agents, not all the direct oral anticoagulants have the same characteristics, and most importantly, not all the diseases with an indication of an anticoagulant drug can be treated with them. Therefore, it is mandatory that all the faculties involved in the management of these drugs must know them in depth, to decide the best treatment for the patient. This position paper, from a group of experts in anticoagulation in Argentina, can help the general practitioner in the daily use of direct oral anticoagulants based on the new evidence and the experience of a wide group of professionals. The way we relate to the anticoagulant treatment has changed in the last years. The doctors who work with them must also do so.


Los anticoagulantes orales directos han surgido como una de las herramientas que ha cambiado el manejo de la enfermedad trombótica en los últimos 15 años. Sus ventajas, desde el punto de vista de la facilidad de uso y menor riesgo de sangrado, especialmente de sangrado cerebral, han posicionado a estos nuevos anticoagulantes como la primera alternativa de tratamiento en las dos indicaciones más frecuentes en que necesitamos estas drogas, la fibrilación auricular y la enfermedad tromboembólica venosa. Sin embargo, no todos los pacientes pueden recibir estos agentes, no todos los anticoagulantes directos tienen las mismas propiedades y fundamentalmente, no todas las enfermedades con indicación de un anticoagulante pueden tratarse con ellos;con lo cual es necesario que todos los profesionales que están involucrados en el manejo de estos medicamentos estén obligados a conocerlos en profundidad, para poder decidir el mejor tratamiento en cada caso particular. Este documento de posición de expertos de diferentes especialidades de Argentina, presenta lineamientos para el uso correcto de los anticoagulantes directos en base a nueva evidencia y a la experiencia de uso de un amplio grupo de profesionales. La forma de relacionarnos con el tratamiento anticoagulante ha cambiado. Los médicos que trabajamos con ellos también debemos hacerlo.


Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial , Tromboembolia , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Argentina , Fibrilação Atrial/tratamento farmacológico , Hemorragia/induzido quimicamente , Hemorragia/tratamento farmacológico , Hemorragia/prevenção & controle , Humanos
5.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 81(1): 31-36, mar. 2021. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1287238

RESUMO

Resumen El síndrome del opérculo torácico se refiere a una serie de signos y síntomas que se producen por la compresión del paquete vásculo-nervioso en la unión costo-clavicular. El síndrome de Paget-Schroetter (SPS) se define como la trombosis primaria, espontánea o de esfuerzo de la vena subclavia. Las vías de abordaje quirúrgicas tradicionales utilizadas para descomprimir el opérculo torácico son la trans axilar y las claviculares (supra e infra). El objetivo del estudio fue describir nuestra experiencia en la resección de la primera costilla por videotoracoscopía (VATS). Este es un estudio descriptivo observacional utilizando una base de datos prospectiva con análisis retrospectivo desde enero de 2017 a marzo de 2020. Se incluyeron 9 pacientes con diagnóstico de SPS en los que se resecó la primera costilla por VATS. En un paciente el procedimiento fue bilateral por presentar trombosis espontánea en ambas venas subclavias. De los 9, 6 eran mujeres. La edad media fue de 30.7 ± 10.7 años. La estadía hospitalaria media fue de 3.1 ± 0.5 días. Uno fue re-operado por hemotórax. No se detectaron recurrencias en el seguimiento a mediano-largo plazo. La resección de la primera costilla por VATS es un procedimiento seguro y factible. La misma, a diferencia de los abordajes tradicionales, puede ser resecada bajo visión directa de todos los elementos del opérculo torácico. Sin embargo, esta técnica requiere un manejo avanzado en cirugía toracoscópica.


Abstract Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) refers to a number of signs and symptoms that arise from compression of the neurovascular bundle at the costoclavicular junction. Paget-Schroetter syndrome is defined as the primary, spontaneous or effort thrombosis of the subclavian vein. The supraclavicular and trans-axillary approaches are currently the most commonly used for first rib resection. The aim of this article was to describe our experience in a minimally invasive approach (VATS) of first rib resection for primary venous thoracic outlet and the associated outcomes. This is a descriptive observational study using a retrospective analysis of a prospective database from January 2017 to March 2020. Nine patients underwent video thoracoscopic first rib resection due to PagetSchroetter syndrome (one bilateral procedure). Ten thoracoscopic first rib resections were performed. There were 6 female and 3 male patients, with a mean age of 30.7 ± 10.7 years. The mean length of hospital stay was 3.1 ± 0.5 days. No complications were recorded intraoperatively. One patient had to be re-operated because of hemothorax. There were no recurrences in a follow-up of at least 12 months. VATS resection of the first rib is a safe and feasible procedure and can be performed under direct vision of thoracic outlet elements. However, the technique requires experience with thoracoscopic surgery. The outcomes associated with our technique are comparable with the outcomes related to other current standards of care.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Trombose Venosa Profunda de Membros Superiores/cirurgia , Trombose Venosa Profunda de Membros Superiores/diagnóstico por imagem , Costelas/cirurgia , Costelas/diagnóstico por imagem , Toracoscopia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento
6.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 81(1): 31-36, 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33611242

RESUMO

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) refers to a number of signs and symptoms that arise from compression of the neurovascular bundle at the costoclavicular junction. Paget-Schroetter syndrome is defined as the primary, spontaneous or effort thrombosis of the subclavian vein. The supraclavicular and trans-axillary approaches are currently the most commonly used for first rib resection. The aim of this article was to describe our experience in a minimally invasive approach (VATS) of first rib resection for primary venous thoracic outlet and the associated outcomes. This is a descriptive observational study using a retrospective analysis of a prospective database from January 2017 to March 2020. Nine patients underwent video thoracoscopic first rib resection due to Paget- Schroetter syndrome (one bilateral procedure). Ten thoracoscopic first rib resections were performed. There were 6 female and 3 male patients, with a mean age of 30.7 ± 10.7 years. The mean length of hospital stay was 3.1 ± 0.5 days. No complications were recorded intraoperatively. One patient had to be re-operated because of hemothorax. There were no recurrences in a follow-up of at least 12 months. VATS resection of the first rib is a safe and feasible procedure and can be performed under direct vision of thoracic outlet elements. However, the technique requires experience with thoracoscopic surgery. The outcomes associated with our technique are comparable with the outcomes related to other current standards of care.


El síndrome del opérculo torácico se refiere a una serie de signos y síntomas que se producen por la compresión del paquete vásculo-nervioso en la unión costo-clavicular. El síndrome de Paget- Schroetter (SPS) se define como la trombosis primaria, espontánea o de esfuerzo de la vena subclavia. Las vías de abordaje quirúrgicas tradicionales utilizadas para descomprimir el opérculo torácico son la trans axilar y las claviculares (supra e infra). El objetivo del estudio fue describir nuestra experiencia en la resección de la primera costilla por videotoracoscopía (VATS). Este es un estudio descriptivo observacional utilizando una base de datos prospectiva con análisis retrospectivo desde enero de 2017 a marzo de 2020. Se incluyeron 9 pacientes con diagnóstico de SPS en los que se resecó la primera costilla por VATS. En un paciente el procedimiento fue bilateral por presentar trombosis espontánea en ambas venas subclavias. De los 9, 6 eran mujeres. La edad media fue de 30.7 ± 10.7 años. La estadía hospitalaria media fue de 3.1 ± 0.5 días. Uno fue re-operado por hemotórax. No se detectaron recurrencias en el seguimiento a mediano-largo plazo. La resección de la primera costilla por VATS es un procedimiento seguro y factible. La misma, a diferencia de los abordajes tradicionales, puede ser resecada bajo visión directa de todos los elementos del opérculo torácico. Sin embargo, esta técnica requiere un manejo avanzado en cirugía toracoscópica.


Assuntos
Trombose Venosa Profunda de Membros Superiores , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Costelas/diagnóstico por imagem , Costelas/cirurgia , Toracoscopia , Resultado do Tratamento , Trombose Venosa Profunda de Membros Superiores/diagnóstico por imagem , Trombose Venosa Profunda de Membros Superiores/cirurgia , Adulto Jovem
7.
BMC Med Res Methodol ; 20(1): 286, 2020 11 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33256642

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Systematic reviews allow health decisions to be informed by the best available research evidence. However, their number is proliferating quickly, and many skills are required to identify all the relevant reviews for a specific question. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We screen 10 bibliographic databases on a daily or weekly basis, to identify systematic reviews relevant for health decision-making. Using a machine-based approach developed for this project we select reviews, which are then validated by a network of more than 1000 collaborators. After screening over 1,400,000 records we have identified more than 300,000 systematic reviews, which are now stored in a single place and accessible through an easy-to-use search engine. This makes Epistemonikos the largest database of its kind. CONCLUSIONS: Using a systematic approach, recruiting a broad network of collaborators and implementing automated methods, we developed a one-stop shop for systematic reviews relevant for health decision making.


Assuntos
Atenção à Saúde , Ferramenta de Busca , Bases de Dados Bibliográficas , Bases de Dados Factuais , Humanos , Revisões Sistemáticas como Assunto
8.
Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica ; 36(2): 231-238, 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31460634

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES.: To identify the main viral etiological agents in patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) hospitalized in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) and to analyze their clinical characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS.: Prospective longitudinal study in children under five years of age hospitalized due to SARI at the PICU of t Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño (National Children´s Hospital) in Lima, Peru. Real-time direct immunofluorescence and RT-PCR tests were performed for the diagnosis of respiratory viruses on tracheal aspirate or nasopharyngeal swab samples. RESULTS.: We included 117 patients. Median age was four months, 66% had comorbidity and 91% required mechanical ventilation. Respiratory virus monoinfection was identified in 47% and viral co-infection in 2.6%, with the respiratory syncytial virus subtype A (RSV-A) being the most frequent. The median length of hospitalization was 21 days and 20 (17%) patients died. An association was found between a history of chronic lung disease and RSV-A infection (p=0.045), and between Down syndrome and influenza A virus infection (p=0.01). After controlling for potential confounders, congenital heart disease (RR 3.1; 95% CI: 1.3-5.8, p=0.002) and nosocomial infection (RR 2.6; 95% CI: 1.0-5.3, p=0.01) were found to increase the risk of death in patients with SARI. CONCLUSIONS.: RSV-A was the most common viral etiology in children under five hospitalized by SARI at the PICU. No association was found between viral infection and patient survival.


OBJETIVOS.: Identificar los principales agentes etiológicos virales en pacientes con infección respiratoria aguda grave (IRAG) hospitalizados en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UCIP) y analizar sus características clínicas. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS.: Estudio longitudinal prospectivo en menores de cinco años hospitalizados por IRAG en la UCIP del Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño en Lima, Perú. Se realizaron pruebas de inmunofluorescencia directa y RT-PCR en tiempo real para el diagnóstico de virus respiratorios en muestras de aspirado traqueal o hisopado nasofaríngeo. RESULTADOS.: Se incluyeron 117 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue cuatro meses, el 66% presentaron comorbilidad y el 91% requirieron ventilación mecánica. Se identificó monoinfección por virus respiratorios en el 47% y coinfección viral en el 2,6%, siendo el virus sincicial respiratorio subtipo A (VSR-A) el más frecuente. La mediana del tiempo de hospitalización fue de 21 días y 20 (17%) pacientes fallecieron. Se encontró asociación entre el antecedente de enfermedad pulmonar crónica y la infección por el VSR-A (p=0,045) y entre el síndrome de Down y la infección por virus influenza A (p=0,01). Después de controlar por potenciales factores de confusión, se halló que la cardiopatía congénita (RR: 3,1; IC 95%: 1,3-5,8; p=0,002) y la infección nosocomial (RR: 2,6; IC 95%: 1,0-5,3; p=0,01) incrementaron el riesgo de muerte en pacientes con IRAG. CONCLUSIONES.: El VSR-A fue la etiología viral más frecuente en menores de cinco años hospitalizados por IRAG en la UCIP. No se encontró asociación entre la infección viral y la sobrevida del paciente.


Assuntos
Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/epidemiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Viroses/epidemiologia , Doença Aguda , Feminino , Hospitalização , Humanos , Lactente , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica , Tempo de Internação , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Peru , Estudos Prospectivos , Respiração Artificial/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Viroses/virologia
9.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 36(2): 231-238, abr.-jun. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1020784

RESUMO

RESUMEN Objetivos. Identificar los principales agentes etiológicos virales en pacientes con infección respiratoria aguda grave (IRAG) hospitalizados en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UCIP) y analizar sus características clínicas. Materiales y métodos. Estudio longitudinal prospectivo en menores de cinco años hospitalizados por IRAG en la UCIP del Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño en Lima, Perú. Se realizaron pruebas de inmunofluorescencia directa y RT-PCR en tiempo real para el diagnóstico de virus respiratorios en muestras de aspirado traqueal o hisopado nasofaríngeo. Resultados. Se incluyeron 117 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue cuatro meses, el 66% presentaron comorbilidad y el 91% requirieron ventilación mecánica. Se identificó monoinfección por virus respiratorios en el 47% y coinfección viral en el 2,6%, siendo el virus sincicial respiratorio subtipo A (VSR-A) el más frecuente. La mediana del tiempo de hospitalización fue de 21 días y 20 (17%) pacientes fallecieron. Se encontró asociación entre el antecedente de enfermedad pulmonar crónica y la infección por el VSR-A (p=0,045) y entre el síndrome de Down y la infección por virus influenza A (p=0,01). Después de controlar por potenciales factores de confusión, se halló que la cardiopatía congénita (RR: 3,1; IC 95%: 1,3-5,8; p=0,002) y la infección nosocomial (RR: 2,6; IC 95%: 1,0-5,3; p=0,01) incrementaron el riesgo de muerte en pacientes con IRAG. Conclusiones. El VSR-A fue la etiología viral más frecuente en menores de cinco años hospitalizados por IRAG en la UCIP. No se encontró asociación entre la infección viral y la sobrevida del paciente.


ABSTRACT Objectives. To identify the main viral etiological agents in patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) hospitalized in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) and to analyze their clinical characteristics. Materials and Methods. Prospective longitudinal study in children under five years of age hospitalized due to SARI at the PICU of t Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño (National Children´s Hospital) in Lima, Peru. Real-time direct immunofluorescence and RT-PCR tests were performed for the diagnosis of respiratory viruses on tracheal aspirate or nasopharyngeal swab samples. Results. We included 117 patients. Median age was four months, 66% had comorbidity and 91% required mechanical ventilation. Respiratory virus monoinfection was identified in 47% and viral co-infection in 2.6%, with the respiratory syncytial virus subtype A (RSV-A) being the most frequent. The median length of hospitalization was 21 days and 20 (17%) patients died. An association was found between a history of chronic lung disease and RSV-A infection (p=0.045), and between Down syndrome and influenza A virus infection (p=0.01). After controlling for potential confounders, congenital heart disease (RR 3.1; 95% CI: 1.3-5.8, p=0.002) and nosocomial infection (RR 2.6; 95% CI: 1.0-5.3, p=0.01) were found to increase the risk of death in patients with SARI. Conclusions. RSV-A was the most common viral etiology in children under five hospitalized by SARI at the PICU. No association was found between viral infection and patient survival.


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Viroses/epidemiologia , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Peru , Respiração Artificial/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Viroses/virologia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica , Doença Aguda , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Longitudinais , Hospitalização , Tempo de Internação
10.
Med. interna (Caracas) ; 35(2): 73-78, 2019. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LIVECS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1050489

RESUMO

El Síndrome de Guillain Barré (SGB) es una enfermedad inflamatoria desmielinizante aguda de probable etiología autoinmune, relacionada con diversos procesos infecciosos. Se caracteriza por debilidad muscular y disminución de los reflejos, pudiendo presentar un patrón clásico simétrico ascendente o con variables. La gravedad y pronóstico son variables, pudiendo comprometer los músculos torácicos derivando en insuficiencia respiratoria. Han sido descritos brotes endémicos asociados a diversos agentes infecciosos. Se presenta el reporte de 4 casos con el patrón más frecuente de SGB en los cuales se hizo el diagnóstico clínico confirmado por estudio del líquido cefalorraquídeo o electromiografía con progresión agresiva, 3 de ellos ameritando el traslado a unidad de terapia intensiva (UTI) para su tratamiento. Presentaron distintos factores de riesgo infecciosos como la suspensión de terapia antiretroviral y síntomas gastrointestinales, principalmente diarrea acuosa previo al debut de la paresia. Se implementó el tratamiento haciendo uso de plasmaféresis en uno de los casos e inmunoglobulina endovenosa en el resto con resultados variables. Se resalta la importancia del diagnóstico oportuno de esta patología ante la presencia de paresia y arreflexia con o sin patrón característico con la finalidad de atender la progresión de los mismos de forma adecuada, mejorar el pronóstico y evitar o disminuir las secuelas de los pacientes(AU)


Guillain Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an acute demyelinating inflammatory disease with probable autoimmune etiology related to diverse infectious processes. It is characterized by muscle weakness and diminished reflexes and may present an ascending symmetrical pattern or with other variables. The severity and prognosis are variable, and the thoracic muscles can be affected, resulting in respiratory failure. Endemic outbreaks associated with various infectious agents have been described. A report of 4 cases is presented in which the clinical diagnosis was confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid study or electromyography, with aggressive progression, 3 of them requiring to be transferred to the intensive care unit. The patients presented different infectious risk factors such as the interruption of anti-retroviral therapy and gastrointestinal symptoms, mainly watery diarrhea prior to the onset of the symptoms. The treatment was implemented using plasmapheresis in one of the cases and intravenous immunoglobulin in the rest with variable results. The importance of the timely diagnosis of this pathology in the presence of paresis and dimished reflexes with or without the characteristic pattern is highlighted in order to address the progression, appropriate management, improve the prognosis and avoid or reduce the sequelae of patients(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Desmielinizantes/fisiopatologia , Debilidade Muscular/etiologia , Síndrome de Guillain-Barré/fisiopatologia , Síndrome de Guillain-Barré/imunologia , Líquido Cefalorraquidiano , Eletromiografia , Medicina Interna , Noxas
11.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 78(5): 372-375, 2018.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30285932

RESUMO

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the upper limb is a rare entity, estimated to account for 10% of all cases of DVT. Classically, they are classified into primary (idiopathic, due to subclavian vein compression or exercise related) and secondary (cancer, thrombophilia, trauma, shoulder surgery, associated to venous catheters or due to hormonal causes). The Paget- Schrötter syndrome is a primary thrombosis of the subclavian vein in the subclavian-axillary junction, related either to repetitive movements or to exercise; leading to microtrauma in the endothelium with consequent activation of the coagulation cascade. Clinically, it presents abruptly with pain, edema and feeling of heaviness in the affected limb. The treatment varies from thrombolytics and anticoagulation to surgical intervention, depending on the time of evolution. We present four cases of exercise-related subclavian vein thrombosis.


Assuntos
Veia Axilar/patologia , Veia Subclávia/patologia , Trombose Venosa Profunda de Membros Superiores/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Veia Axilar/diagnóstico por imagem , Edema , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Flebografia , Veia Subclávia/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia Doppler , Trombose Venosa Profunda de Membros Superiores/diagnóstico , Trombose Venosa Profunda de Membros Superiores/tratamento farmacológico
12.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 78(5): 372-375, oct. 2018. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-976128

RESUMO

La trombosis venosa profunda (TVP) del miembro superior es una entidad poco frecuente, se estima que representa el 10% de todos los casos de TVP. Clásicamente se clasifican en primarias (idiopáticas, por compresión de la vena subclavia o relacionadas con el ejercicio) y secundarias (cáncer, trombofilia, traumatismo, cirugía del hombro, asociadas a catéteres venosos o de causa hormonal). El síndrome de Paget- Schrötter es una trombosis primaria de la vena subclavia en la unión subclavio-axilar, ya sea por movimientos repetitivos o relacionada al ejercicio; llevando a microtrauma en el endotelio con la consiguiente activación de la cascada de coagulación. Clínicamente se presenta de forma brusca con dolor, edema y sensación de pesadez en el miembro afectado. El tratamiento varía desde trombolíticos y anticoagulación a la intervención quirúrgica, dependiendo del tiempo de evolución. Presentamos cuatro casos de trombosis de vena subclavia relacionada con el ejercicio.


Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the upper limb is a rare entity, estimated to account for 10% of all cases of DVT. Classically, they are classified into primary (idiopathic, due to subclavian vein compression or exercise related) and secondary (cancer, thrombophilia, trauma, shoulder surgery, associated to venous catheters or due to hormonal causes). The Paget- Schrötter syndrome is a primary thrombosis of the subclavian vein in the subclavian-axillary junction, related either to repetitive movements or to exercise; leading to microtrauma in the endothelium with consequent activation of the coagulation cascade. Clinically, it presents abruptly with pain, edema and feeling of heaviness in the affected limb. The treatment varies from thrombolytics and anticoagulation to surgical intervention, depending on the time of evolution. We present four cases of exercise-related subclavian vein thrombosis.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Veia Subclávia/patologia , Veia Axilar/patologia , Trombose Venosa Profunda de Membros Superiores/patologia , Veia Subclávia/diagnóstico por imagem , Veia Axilar/diagnóstico por imagem , Flebografia , Ultrassonografia Doppler , Edema , Trombose Venosa Profunda de Membros Superiores/diagnóstico , Trombose Venosa Profunda de Membros Superiores/tratamento farmacológico , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico
13.
Sci Rep ; 8(1): 13457, 2018 09 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30194319

RESUMO

Acute auditory processing in bats is typically associated with echolocation. A subset of bats, called gleaners, listens to prey-generated noise to hunt surface-dwelling prey. Gleaners depend less on echolocation to hunt and, therefore, accurate localization of prey-generated noise is necessary for foraging success. Here we studied azimuth sound localization behavior in the pallid bat, a gleaning bat in which spatial encoding has been studied extensively. We tested pallid bats on a relatively difficult open loop task (single sound, duration ≤ 200 ms). The bats were trained to face the midline when stimulus was presented, and this was confirmed with video analysis. Bats localized broadband noise (5-30 kHz) from 1 out of 11 speakers spaced evenly across the horizontal plane of the frontal sound field. Approach to the correct speaker was rewarded. Pallid bats show accurate localization near the midline with mean errors between 3-6°. Remarkably, the accuracy does not decline significantly at peripheral locations with bats averaging <~7° error upto 72° off midline. Manipulation of stimulus bandwidth shows that higher frequencies (20-30 kHz) are necessary for accurate localization. Comparative studies of gleaning bats will reveal convergent adaptations across auditory systems for non-echolocation-based behaviors in bats.


Assuntos
Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Quirópteros/fisiologia , Localização de Som/fisiologia , Animais
14.
Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica ; 34(2): 192-200, 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29177376

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES.: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients diagnosed with epidermolysis bullosa (EB) at the Instituto Nacional de Salud (INSN) in Lima, Peru; a National Reference Center for this disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: . Observational, descriptive and transversal study. We reviewed the clinical histories and laboratory tests of patients diagnosed with EB treated in INSN from 1993 to 2015. RESULTS.: 93 patients were registered. The average age was 7.9 ± 5.6 years; 53.8% (n = 50) were boys. Clinical forms corresponded to dystrophic EB with 41 (44.1%) cases, simple EB with 39 (41.9%) union EB cases with 8 (8.6%) and Kindler syndrome with 4 (4.3%) cases. The clinical form could not be identified in a case. A total of 48 cases (51.6%) came from Lima and Callao, and 45 cases (48.4%) from other provinces of the country. Extracutaneous manifestations involved gastrointestinal (44.1%), ocular (37.6%), odontogenic (87.1%), and nutritional (79.6%) involvement, as well as pseudosindactilia (16.1%). Chronic malnutrition (71.6%), acute malnutrition (17.6%) and anemia (62.4%) were found. Mortality corresponded to 6 cases (6.5%). CONCLUSIONS.: 93 cases of EB were reported in INSN, the predominant clinical presentation was the dystrophic form.


OBJETIVOS.: Estandarizar la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real (RT-PCR) múltiple para la detección de virus influenza A, B y tipificación de subtipos A (H1N1) pdm09, A (H3N2) en muestras clínicas. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS.: Se analizaron 300 muestras de hisopado nasofaríngeo. Esta metodología fue estandarizada en dos pasos: la primera reacción detectó el gen de la matriz del virus de influenza A, gen de la nucleoproteína del virus influenza B y el gen GAPDH de las células huésped. La segunda reacción detectó el gen de la hemaglutinina de los subtipos A (H1N1) pandémico (pdm09) y A (H3N2). RESULTADOS.: Se identificaron 109 muestras positivas a influenza A y B, de las cuales 72 fueron positivas a influenza A (36 positivas a influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 y 36 positivos a influenza A (H3N2)) y 37 muestras positivas a influenza B. 191 fueron negativas a ambos virus mediante RT-PCR en tiempo real multiplex. Se encontró una sensibilidad y especificidad del 100% al analizar los resultados de ambas reacciones. El límite de detección viral fue del rango de 7 a 9 copias/µL por virus. Los resultados no mostraron ninguna reacción cruzada con otros virus tales como adenovirus, virus sincitial respiratorio, parainfluenza (1,2 y 3), metapneumovirus, subtipos A (H1N1) estacional, A (H5N2) y VIH. CONCLUSIONES.: La RT-PCR múltiple demostró ser una prueba muy sensible y específica para la detección de virus influenza A, B y subtipos A (H1N1, H3N2) y su uso puede ser conveniente en brotes estacionales.


Assuntos
Haemophilus influenzae tipo b/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2/isolamento & purificação , Influenza Humana/virologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino
15.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 34(2): 192-200, abr.-jun. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: biblio-902900

RESUMO

RESUMEN Objetivos. Estandarizar la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real (RT-PCR) múltiple para la detección de virus influenza A, B y tipificación de subtipos A (H1N1) pdm09, A (H3N2) en muestras clínicas. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron 300 muestras de hisopado nasofaríngeo. Esta metodología fue estandarizada en dos pasos: la primera reacción detectó el gen de la matriz del virus de influenza A, gen de la nucleoproteína del virus influenza B y el gen GAPDH de las células huésped. La segunda reacción detectó el gen de la hemaglutinina de los subtipos A (H1N1) pandémico (pdm09) y A (H3N2). Resultados. Se identificaron 109 muestras positivas a influenza A y B, de las cuales 72 fueron positivas a influenza A (36 positivas a influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 y 36 positivos a influenza A (H3N2)) y 37 muestras positivas a influenza B. 191 fueron negativas a ambos virus mediante RT-PCR en tiempo real multiplex. Se encontró una sensibilidad y especificidad del 100% al analizar los resultados de ambas reacciones. El límite de detección viral fue del rango de 7 a 9 copias/µL por virus. Los resultados no mostraron ninguna reacción cruzada con otros virus tales como adenovirus, virus sincitial respiratorio, parainfluenza (1,2 y 3), metapneumovirus, subtipos A (H1N1) estacional, A (H5N2) y VIH. Conclusiones. La RT-PCR múltiple demostró ser una prueba muy sensible y específica para la detección de virus influenza A, B y subtipos A (H1N1, H3N2) y su uso puede ser conveniente en brotes estacionales.


ABSTRACT Objectives. To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients diagnosed with epidermolysis bullosa (EB) at the Instituto Nacional de Salud (INSN) in Lima, Peru; a National Reference Center for this disease. Material and methods . Observational, descriptive and transversal study. We reviewed the clinical histories and laboratory tests of patients diagnosed with EB treated in INSN from 1993 to 2015. Results. 93 patients were registered. The average age was 7.9 ± 5.6 years; 53.8% (n = 50) were boys. Clinical forms corresponded to dystrophic EB with 41 (44.1%) cases, simple EB with 39 (41.9%) union EB cases with 8 (8.6%) and Kindler syndrome with 4 (4.3%) cases. The clinical form could not be identified in a case. A total of 48 cases (51.6%) came from Lima and Callao, and 45 cases (48.4%) from other provinces of the country. Extracutaneous manifestations involved gastrointestinal (44.1%), ocular (37.6%), odontogenic (87.1%), and nutritional (79.6%) involvement, as well as pseudosindactilia (16.1%). Chronic malnutrition (71.6%), acute malnutrition (17.6%) and anemia (62.4%) were found. Mortality corresponded to 6 cases (6.5%). Conclusions. 93 cases of EB were reported in INSN, the predominant clinical presentation was the dystrophic form.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Haemophilus influenzae tipo b/isolamento & purificação , Influenza Humana/virologia , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Estudos Transversais
17.
Medwave ; 17(Suppl1): e6817, 2017 Jan 09.
Artigo em Espanhol, Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28112709

RESUMO

Fluid restriction is usually recommended in chronic heart failure. However, the evidence base to support this is not that clear. Searching in Epistemonikos database, which is maintained by screening multiple databases, we identified five systematic reviews evaluating 11 studies addressing the question of this article, including seven randomized trials. We extracted data, combined the evidence using meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table following the GRADE approach. We concluded fluid restriction probably decreases hospital readmission in chronic heart failure and might decrease mortality, but the certainty of the evidence for the latter is low.


Habitualmente se recomienda la restricción de volumen en la insuficiencia cardíaca. Sin embargo, esto no necesariamente está sustentado por evidencia científica. Utilizando la base de datos Epistemonikos, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples bases de datos, identificamos cinco revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyen once estudios pertinentes a la pregunta, de los cuales siete corresponden a estudios controlados aleatorizados. Realizamos un metanálisis y tablas de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. Concluimos que la restricción de volumen en la insuficiencia cardíaca probablemente disminuye la readmisión hospitalaria y podría disminuir la mortalidad, aunque la certeza de la evidencia para esto último es baja.


Assuntos
Hidratação/métodos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Hospitalização , Doença Crônica , Insuficiência Cardíaca/mortalidade , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Readmissão do Paciente , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto
19.
Medwave ; 16(Suppl5): e6795, 2016 Dec 14.
Artigo em Espanhol, Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28024140

RESUMO

There is controversy about the effectiveness of branched chain amino acids for treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. Searching in Epistemonikos database, which is maintained by screening multiple databases, we identified seven systematic reviews including 32 randomized controlled trials, of which 30 address the question of this article. We extracted results, combined the evidence using meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings following the GRADE approach. We concluded branched chain amino acids might improve hepatic encephalopathy, but they probably lead to little or no effect on mortality.


Assuntos
Aminoácidos de Cadeia Ramificada/administração & dosagem , Encefalopatia Hepática/tratamento farmacológico , Cirrose Hepática/tratamento farmacológico , Suplementos Nutricionais , Encefalopatia Hepática/mortalidade , Encefalopatia Hepática/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto
20.
Medwave ; 16(Suppl5): e6696, 2016 Dec 05.
Artigo em Espanhol, Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27922584

RESUMO

Sodium restriction has been recommended in chronic heart failure for decades. However, the evidence about the benefit of this measure is not clear, and it might even increase risks. Searching in Epistemonikos database, which is maintained by screening multiple databases, we identified three systematic reviews incorporating 13 studies addressing the question of this article, 10 were randomized trials. We extracted data, combined the evidence using meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table following the GRADE approach. We concluded sodium restriction might increase mortality and the risk of hospital admission in chronic heart failure, but the certainty of the evidence is low.


Assuntos
Dieta Hipossódica/métodos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/dietoterapia , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Doença Crônica , Dieta Hipossódica/efeitos adversos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/mortalidade , Humanos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto
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