Could anticoagulation avoid bioprosthesis subclinical thrombosis in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement?

BACKGROUND: Despite a lack of clear evidence, current European guidelines recommend antiplatelet therapy after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Recent investigations suggest that bioprosthesis thrombosis after TAVR is not uncommon and may be prevented by anticoagulation, but not by antiplatelet therapy. AIMS: The study objective was to assess the impact of the antithrombotic regimen on post-TAVR early haemodynamics. METHODS: Patients eligible for TAVR with an Edwards SAPIEN 3 valve were included in this prospective observational study. Patients undergoing long-term anticoagulation before TAVR continued their treatment, whereas previously non-anticoagulated patients received antiplatelet therapy. The primary endpoint was the mean transaortic gradient assessed by transthoracic echocardiography at the first post-TAVR follow-up. Safety was assessed by two composite endpoints: bleeding/vascular complications and major adverse postoperative events. RESULTS: Among 135 included patients, 78 were discharged on antiplatelet therapy and 57 on anticoagulation. Both groups had similar baseline characteristics, except for supraventricular arrhythmia (7.7% on antiplatelets vs. 89.5% on anticoagulation; P<0.001). At 1-2months after TAVR, the mean transaortic gradient was significantly higher in the antiplatelet therapy group versus the anticoagulation group (13.0±4.0 vs. 9.0±2.8mmHg; P<0.001, independently of prosthesis size). Safety analyses showed no significant differences of the composite endpoints. CONCLUSION: Prolonged anticoagulation after TAVR was associated with lower early transaortic gradients than antiplatelet therapy. Anticoagulation treatment may limit clinical and subclinical thrombosis without increasing early postoperative complications.

Is there an inherited anatomical conformation favoring aneurysmal formation of the anterior communicating artery?

OBJECTIVE The pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the formation of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) remain only partially elucidated. However, current evidence suggests a genetic component. The purpose of this study was to investigate the specific anatomical variations in the arterial complex that are associated with the presence of anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms in the familial forms of IAs. METHODS This multicenter study investigated bifurcation IAs in patients who had a sporadic ACoA IA without a family history of IA (SACAA group), in patients who had an ACoA IA with a family history of IA (FACAA group), and in their healthy first-degree relatives (HFDRs). Through the use of MR angiography (MRA) reconstructions, the symmetry of the A1 segments and the angle between the A1 and A2 segments were analyzed on 3D models for each group. These measurements were then compared among the 3 groups. RESULTS Twenty-four patients with SACAA, 24 patients with FACAA, and 20 HFDRs were included in the study. Asymmetrical configuration of the A1 segments was more frequent in the FACAA group than in the HFDR group (p = 0.002). The aneurysm-side A1-A2 angle was lower in the FACAA group (p = 0.003) and SACAA group (p = 0.007) than in the HFDR group. On the contralateral side, there was no difference in A1-A2 angles between groups. CONCLUSIONS The anatomical shape of the ACoA complex seems to be similarly associated with the presence of ACoA IAs in both the FACAA and SACAA groups. This highlights the role played by hemodynamic constraints in aneurysm formation and questions the hypothesis of the hereditary character of these anatomical shapes.