Diseño y validación de un cuestionario autorreportado de frecuencia de consumo de polifenoles aportados por la dieta / Design and validation of a self-reported dietary polyphenol intake frequency questionnaire

Introducción: aun cuando existe evidencia que vincula el consumo de polifenoles con mejores resultados en salud, la información sobre patrones de consumo, particularmente en países latinoamericanos, es escasa. Objetivo: diseñar y evaluar la validez de un cuestionario en línea autorreportado de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos para medir la ingesta de polifenoles totales de la dieta en población adulta chilena. Métodos: el cuestionario diseñado (FFQ-P) se sometió a opinión de expertos para estimación de coeficiente de validez de contenido; luego se efectuó estudio piloto en 47 adultos, quienes completaron el FFQ-P, además de un registro de alimentos de seis días como método de referencia. Se aplicaron Wilcoxon en muestras relacionadas, correlación Spearman para determinación de fuerza de asociación y diagramas de Bland-Altman para examinar diferencia entre métodos. Resultados: la validez de contenido reflejó valores concordantes para adecuación (0,94 ± 0,04) y pertinencia (0,93 ± 0,05). La diferencia porcentual entre ambos métodos fue del 1,2 %, observándose mayor variabilidad en frutas (9 %) y bebidas alcohólicas (4 %). La prueba de Wilcoxon no mostró diferencias significativas entre los grupos de alimentos. Se observó confiabilidad media para verduras, frutas, té y café (0,26-0,5) y confiabilidad moderada en el caso de bebidas alcohólicas (0,5-0,75). El valor promedio de la diferencia fue de 9,8, a una corta distancia de cero. Conclusión: el FFQ-P es confiable para estimar ingesta de polifenoles de frutas, verduras, bebidas alcohólicas, té y café, sin embargo, la ingesta de bebidas no alcohólicas, frutos secos y aceitunas se debe interpretar con reservas. (AU)

Introduction: although there is evidence linking polyphenol consumption with better health outcomes, information on consumption patterns, particularly in Latin American countries, is scarce. Objective: to design and evaluate the validity of an online self-reported food frequency questionnaire to measure dietary total polyphenol intake in the Chilean adult population. Methods: the designed questionnaire (FFQ-P) was submitted to expert opinion for content validity coefficient estimation; then a pilot study was conducted in 47 adults who completed FFQ-P, in addition to a six-day food record as a reference method. Wilcoxon was applied in related samples, Spearman’s correlation to determine the strength of association and Bland-Altman diagrams to examine the difference between methods. Results: content validity reflected concordant values for adequacy (0.94 ± 0.04) and relevance (0.93 ± 0.05). The percentage difference between both methods was 1.2 %, with greater variability observed in fruits (9 %) and alcoholic beverages (4 %). The Wilcoxon test showed no significant differences between food groups. Medium reliability was observed for vegetables, fruits, tea, and coffee (0.26 to 0.5) and moderate reliability for alcoholic beverages (0.5 to 0.75). The mean value of the difference was 9.8, being within a short distance of zero. Conclusion: FFQ-P is reliable for estimating polyphenol intake from fruits, vegetables, alcoholic beverages, tea, and coffee; however, the intake of non-alcoholic beverages, nuts and olives should be interpreted with reservation. (AU)

Dietary Fibre Intake in Chile: 13 Years after the Last National Report.

BACKGROUND: The objective is to provide updated data on the intake of total dietary fibre in the population residing in Chile and to identify food sources that contribute most to its intake, as well as its association with different sociodemographic and nutritional status-related determinants. METHODS: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a nationwide survey was applied to determine fibre intake using an instrument that has been previously validated in the resident population of Chile. RESULTS: The sample consisted of a total of 1761 participants. Dietary fibre intake was 12.8 ± 7.1 g/day for the total population, and 90% of participants did not meet the recommendation, with no differences in consumption by sex, geographical area, and the urban/rural population. A lower consumption was found among participants with overweight and obesity. According to food groups, bread was the major contributor to fibre intake, providing 4.39 ± 3.05 g/day, followed by cereals (2.26 ± 2.80 g/day) and vegetables (1.85 ± 1.59 g/day). CONCLUSIONS: 90% of the population consume less fibre than recommended, and bread is the main food source; these data are critical for the development of strategies that are aimed at changing habits in order to improve diet quality.

[Design and validation of a self-reported dietary polyphenol intake frequency questionnaire.] / Diseño y validación de un cuestionario autorreportado de frecuencia de consumo de polifenoles aportados por la dieta.

Introduction: Introduction: although there is evidence linking polyphenol consumption with better health outcomes, information on consumption patterns, particularly in Latin American countries, is scarce. Objective: to design and evaluate the validity of an online self-reported food frequency questionnaire to measure dietary total polyphenol intake in the Chilean adult population. Methods: the designed questionnaire (FFQ-P) was submitted to expert opinion for content validity coefficient estimation; then a pilot study was conducted in 47 adults who completed FFQ-P, in addition to a six-day food record as a reference method. Wilcoxon was applied in related samples, Spearman's correlation to determine the strength of association and Bland-Altman diagrams to examine the difference between methods. Results: content validity reflected concordant values for adequacy (0.94 ± 0.04) and relevance (0.93 ± 0.05). The percentage difference between both methods was 1.2 %, with greater variability observed in fruits (9 %) and alcoholic beverages (4 %). The Wilcoxon test showed no significant differences between food groups. Medium reliability was observed for vegetables, fruits, tea, and coffee (0.26 to 0.5) and moderate reliability for alcoholic beverages (0.5 to 0.75). The mean value of the difference was 9.8, being within a short distance of zero. Conclusion: FFQ-P is reliable for estimating polyphenol intake from fruits, vegetables, alcoholic beverages, tea, and coffee; however, the intake of non-alcoholic beverages, nuts and olives should be interpreted with reservation.

Introducción: Introducción: aun cuando existe evidencia que vincula el consumo de polifenoles con mejores resultados en salud, la información sobre patrones de consumo, particularmente en países latinoamericanos, es escasa. Objetivo: diseñar y evaluar la validez de un cuestionario en línea autorreportado de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos para medir la ingesta de polifenoles totales de la dieta en población adulta chilena. Métodos: el cuestionario diseñado (FFQ-P) se sometió a opinión de expertos para estimación de coeficiente de validez de contenido; luego se efectuó estudio piloto en 47 adultos, quienes completaron el FFQ-P, además de un registro de alimentos de seis días como método de referencia. Se aplicaron Wilcoxon en muestras relacionadas, correlación Spearman para determinación de fuerza de asociación y diagramas de Bland-Altman para examinar diferencia entre métodos. Resultados: la validez de contenido reflejó valores concordantes para adecuación (0,94 ± 0,04) y pertinencia (0,93 ± 0,05). La diferencia porcentual entre ambos métodos fue del 1,2 %, observándose mayor variabilidad en frutas (9 %) y bebidas alcohólicas (4 %). La prueba de Wilcoxon no mostró diferencias significativas entre los grupos de alimentos. Se observó confiabilidad media para verduras, frutas, té y café (0,26-0,5) y confiabilidad moderada en el caso de bebidas alcohólicas (0,5-0,75). El valor promedio de la diferencia fue de 9,8, a una corta distancia de cero. Conclusión: el FFQ-P es confiable para estimar ingesta de polifenoles de frutas, verduras, bebidas alcohólicas, té y café, sin embargo, la ingesta de bebidas no alcohólicas, frutos secos y aceitunas se debe interpretar con reservas.

Adherence to safe food-handling practices and dietary patterns in cancer survivors.

BACKGROUND: In Chile there is a high risk profile of developing cancer which is associated, among other factors, to eating behaviors and, in this line, it is essential for cancer survivors to have access to nutritional advice that includes aproppriate food safety practices. The objective of this study is to characterize the level of adherence of cancer survivors to safe food-handling practices and dietary patterns in a Chilean National Health Survey. METHODS: Secondary analysis study, conducted using the National Health Survey 2016-2017 database. The association between adherence to dietary patterns and safe food-handling practices was conducted by means of a logistic regression analisys, considering a p value of <0.05 as statistically significant. RESULTS: 2765 participants, females, 5.8% were cancer survivors who adhered twice more to the safe food-handling practice "wash your hands with soap and water before preparing food and before eating", and 1.5 times more to the practice "keep raw meat separate from other foods when preparing food or cooking". In both groups, it was observed a low adherence to achieve the recommendations on healthy weight, physical activity, fruits and vegetables consumption, and alcohol and sugar-sweetened beverages consumption of the WCRF/AICR. CONCLUSIONS: Partial adherence to the safe food-handling recommendations and low adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations were observed among cancer survivors and subjects without cancer.

Efecto de las atenciones nutricionales en la pérdida de peso y cambios de hábitos alimentarios en adultos con malnutrición por exceso en la atención primaria de salud de la comuna de La Florida / Effect of nutritional care on weight loss and changes in eating habits in adults with excess malnutrition in primary health care in the community of Florida

Fundamentos: La malnutrición por exceso es un problema importante de salud pública, ya que está asociadacon la elevación de costos sociales y sanitarios, por lo que mejorar el manejo en los entornos de atenciónprimaria es esencial para reducir sus comorbilidades y consecuencias.Métodos: Estudio descriptivo con alcance correlacional (n=127), realizada a adultos entre 20 a 59 años deedad, que asistieron a consultas nutricionales en alguno de los Centros de Salud Familiar (CESFAM) de lacomuna de La Florida.Resultados: En usuarios que asistieron a 2 consultas nutricionales, el 52,9% tuvo una pérdida de pesosignificativa, mientras que el 65,2% de quienes asistieron a 3 o más controles en un año disminuyeron pesocorporal, siendo estadísticamente significativo. La frecuencia de consumo aumentó significativamente en losgrupos de las legumbres, frutas y verduras.Conclusiones: La asistencia a consultas nutricionales mejora discretamente algunos hábitos alimentarios yayuda a la pérdida de peso corporal. (AU)

Background: Excess malnutrition is an important public health problem, since it is associated with increasedsocial and health costs, so improving management in primary care settings is essential to reduce itscomorbidities and consequences.Methods: Descriptive study with correlational scope (n = 127), carried out on adults between 20 and 59 yearsof age, who attended nutritional consultations in one of the Family Health Centers (CESFAM) of thecommune.Results: In users who attended 2 nutritional consultations, 52.9% had a significant weight loss, while 65.2% ofthose who attended 3 or more controls in one year decreased body weight, being statistically significant. Thefrequency of consumption increased significantly in the groups of legumes, fruits and vegetables.Conclusions: Attendance at nutritional consultations discreetly improves some eating habits and helps tolose body weight. (AU)

Relación entre fuerza prensil e indicadores antropométricos en personas mayores residentes en establecimientos de larga estancia / Relationship between prehensile strength and anthropometric indicators in elderly residents in long-stay facilities

Fundamentos: El aumento en la proporción de personas mayores genera eventos como disminución en la calidad de vida y deterioro físico, cuyas características son disminución demasa muscular y menor fuerza muscular. El objetivo del presente estudio es relacionar la fuerza prensil con diferentesvariables antropométricas, aportando datos cuantificables que contribuyan a reforzar la necesidad de intervención en la población de adultos mayores.Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal (n = 84). Se identificaron variables sociodemográficas y antropométricas en personas mayores de 60 años residentes en establecimientos de larga estancia. Resultados: El 26,7% de los adultos mayores presenta malnutrición por exceso, mientras que el 20,2% y 32,9% de hombres y mujeres respectivamente, tienen masa muscular disminuida. Se observó una correlación positiva entre fuerza prensil y la circunferencia de pantorrilla y el IMC.Conclusiones: Existe una correlación entre la fuerza prensil y la masa muscular, lo que sugiere la necesidad urgente de generar programas preventivos en población mayor, integrando tanto la intervención nutricional, como kinésica, que en conjunto y bajo la mirada oportuna, permitiría mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas mayores. (AU)

Background: The increase in the proportion of older peoplegenerates events such as decreased quality of life and physicaldeterioration, whose characteristics are decreased muscle mass and reduced muscle strength. The objective of the present study was to relate prehensile strength with different anthropometric variables, providing quantifiable data that contribute to reinforce the need of intervention in the adult population.Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study (n = 84). Sociodemographic and anthropometric variables were identified in people over 60 years old living in long-stay facilities. Results: Malnutrition due to excess was found in 26.7%, while 20.2% and 32.9% of men and women, respectively, had decreased muscle mass. A positive correlation is observed between prehensile strength with calf circumference and BMI. Conclusions: The existing correlation between prehensilestrength and muscle mass is confirmed, which suggests the urgent need to generate preventive programs in the elderly population, integrating both nutritional and kinesic interventions, which together and under the appropriate consideration, would allow to improve the quality of life of the elderly. (AU)