Ropinirole is effective in the long-term management of restless legs syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.

The objective of this study was to investigate the long-term efficacy of ropinirole in patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) and to assess the potential for relapse after the discontinuation of active treatment. Patients with primary RLS (n = 202) received single-blind ropinirole for 24 weeks. Patients meeting treatment continuation criteria were randomized to double-blind treatment with ropinirole or placebo for a further 12 weeks. The primary efficacy variable was the proportion of patients relapsing during double-blind treatment. Additional efficacy measures included time to relapse, withdrawals due to lack of efficacy, improvement on the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) scale, change in International Restless Legs Scale (IRLS) score during double-blind treatment, and changes in sleep and quality of life (QoL) parameters. Significantly fewer patients relapsed on ropinirole than on placebo (32.6% vs. 57.8%; P = 0.0156). Time to relapse was longer with ropinirole and more patients withdrew due to lack of efficacy with placebo. Patients showed improvements in IRLS and CGI-I scores, sleep and QoL parameters with single-blind ropinirole, which were better maintained when ropinirole was continued during the double-blind phase, but reduced with placebo. Ropinirole was well tolerated; adverse events were typical for dopamine agonists. Ropinirole was highly effective and well tolerated in the long-term management of RLS, with pharmacological effect over 36 weeks.

CAG repeats in Restless Legs syndrome.

Recent reports established an association of restless legs syndrome (RLS) and spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) type 1, 2, and 3. To evaluate the contribution of SCA alleles to idiopathic RLS we investigated the CAG repeat length at the SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6, SCA7, and SCA17 loci in 215 patients who fulfilled the clinical criteria of RLS and presented periodic leg movements in sleep (PLMS) in polysomnographic recording. Fifty percent of patients had a positive family history of RLS. We found one intermediate (CAG)(43) allele for SCA17 in a 44-year-old female with RLS starting at the age of 43. Neurologic examination and family history were unremarkable in this patient. Otherwise, allele distribution did not differ between RLS patients and healthy controls. Stratification for age, age of onset, sex, peripheral neuropathy, and sporadic or familial RLS revealed no effect. Thus, CAG repeat length in the investigated genes is not a major determinant of idiopathic or familial RLS.

[Delay in progression of dependency and need of care of dementia patients treated with Ginkgo special extract EGb 761]. / Verzögerung der Progression von Abhängigkeit und Pflegebedürftigkeit von Demenz-Patienten unter Behandlung mit Ginkgo-Spezialextrakt EGb 761.

In studies on the efficacy of antidementia drugs, a delay in symptom progression was often postulated based on a comparison of the change upon treatment and an assumed "natural" progression. Such comparisons were usually based on the cognitive subscore of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-cog), using either the drug-placebo differences after randomized treatment or the changes upon active drug treatment in open-label extension studies. Considering quality of life, competence, cost of care, and economics of therapeutic measures, a delay in the progression of dependency and need of care appears to be more relevant than a delay in cognitive abilities not directly related to activities of daily living. Therefore, for dementia patients treated with the Ginkgo special extract EGb 761, the delay in loss of capacities needed to cope with the demands of daily living was estimated, based on the Geriatric Evaluation of Relative's Rating Instrument (GERRI). The drug-placebo differences documented after 26 and 52 weeks of treatment corresponded to a delay in progression by 10 and 21 months, respectively. Regarding the subgroup with dementia of the Alzheimer type, the estimated delay was 16 and 25 months, respectively. It could thus be shown that by treatment with EGb 761 the progression of dependency and need of care can be slowed down, which may have an impact on costs for care, e.g. by delaying nursing home placement.