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1.
BMC Infect Dis ; 18(1): 680, 2018 Dec 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30567502

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The widespread use of an effective and safe vaccine to measles has substantially decreased morbidity and mortality from this epidemic. Nevertheless, HIV-infected children vaccinated against measles may develop an impaired vaccine response and remain susceptible to this disease. In Morocco, infants are routinely vaccinated against measles, regardless of their HIV serostatus. An evaluation of the immunization of these children may be of paramount importance to implement timely measures aimed at preventing measles transmission. METHODS: In this study, we have enrolled 114 children vaccinated against measles, 50 children prenatally infected with HIV and 64 HIV-uninfected children. For all children, blood samples were taken to measure anti-measles IgG by EIA and CD4 count by flow cytometry. Additionally, HIV viral load was determined by automated real time PCR, for HIV-infected children. RESULTS: The seroprotective rate of IgG anti-measles antibodies was significantly lower among HIV-infected children (26%) compared with HIV-uninfected children (73%) (p < 0.001). Within HIV-infected children group, the comparison of variables between children without seroprotective seroconversion to measles and those with seroprotective immunity, displayed that sex and age were not statistically different, p > 0.999 and p = 0.730, respectively. However, CD4 count was lower among children with negative serostatus to measles (23% versus 32%, p < 0.001). Furthermore, viral load was higher, with 2.91 log10 ± 2.24 versus 1.7 log10 ± 1.5 (p = 0.042). Finally, 62% of children with a negative vaccine response to measles were under HAART therapy, versus 92% (p = 0.008). CONCLUSION: The majority of HIV-infected children vaccinated against measles develop a suboptimal seroprotective titer, and therefore remain at risk for this highly infectious disease. These data in combination with international recommendations, including recent WHO guidance on vaccination of HIV-infected children, suggest there is a need for national measures to prevent these children from measles.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Formação de Anticorpos , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Vacina contra Sarampo/uso terapêutico , Sarampo/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , HIV , Infecções por HIV/sangue , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Humanos , Lactente , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Sarampo/sangue , Sarampo/complicações , Vacina contra Sarampo/imunologia , Vírus do Sarampo/imunologia , Marrocos/epidemiologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Vacinação
2.
BMC Public Health ; 17(1): 752, 2017 09 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28962610

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Since its development in the early 1980s, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine has been proven to be highly protective. However, its immunogenicity may be ineffective among HIV-infected children. In Morocco, HBV vaccine was introduced in 1999, and since then all infants, including vertically HIV-infected infants, have been following the vaccination schedule, implemented by the Moroccan ministry of health. An assessment of the immunization of these children is important to optimize efforts aimed at tackling Hepatitis B coinfection, within the country. METHODS: Forty-nine HIV-infected children (HIV group) and 112 HIV uninfected children (control group) were enrolled in this study. Samples were tested by Elisa (Monolisa Anti-HBs, Biorad) to quantify the anti-HBs antibodies. The % of lymphocyte subsets i.e. CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, and NK, was determined by flow cytometry, using CellQuest Pro software (Becton-Dickinson), and for HIV group, HIV viral load was measured by real time PCR assay (Abbott). All variables were statistically compared in the two groups. RESULTS: The median age was 51 ± 35 months for the HIV group and 50 ± 36 months (p > 0.05) for the control group. Female represented 63% and 41% (p = 0.01), among the HIV group and the control group, respectively. Among HIV-infected children, 71.4% (35/49) were under HAART therapy at the enrollment in the study. Seroprotection titer i.e. anti-HBs ≥10mUI/ml among control group was 76% (85/112), and only 29% (14/49) among the perinatally HIV-infected children (p < 0.0001). Lower % of CD4 + T cells was observed in HIV-infected children with a poor anti-HBs response. CONCLUSION: In this studied group, we have shown that despite the vaccination of HIV-children with HBV vaccine, 71% did not show any seroprotective response. These findings support the need for monitoring HBV vaccine response among HIV-infected children in Morocco, in order to revaccinate non-immunized children.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/análise , Vacinas contra Hepatite B/administração & dosagem , Hepatite B/prevenção & controle , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Coinfecção/prevenção & controle , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Humanos , Esquemas de Imunização , Lactente , Masculino , Marrocos/epidemiologia
3.
J Oncol ; 2009: 963037, 2009.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20339520

RESUMO

Abrogating the suppression of glioma-infiltrating Tregs in the periphery and the central nervous system is essential to successful glioma rejection. We sought to improve the immune response in glioma-bearing mice, by investigating new strategies using the anti-CD25 immunotherapy. We found a complete long-term survival of glioma-bearing mice treated with a combination of systemic and intracranial anti-CD25 mAb immunotherapy as compared to systemic administration of anti-CD25 mAb. In addition, the group of mice that had been cured by the combined anti-CD25 mAb showed long-term survival without late tumor relapse when challenged with the GL261 glioma. The antitumor immune response was investigated by analysis of antitumor immune response (CTL). Results showed that the use of the combined injections of anti-CD25 mAb induced efficient targeting of Tregs expansion inside and outside of the brain and altered Tregs trafficking in the bone marrow and brain areas where antitumor immunity was primed.

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