Views of the Pharmacists' Role in HPV Vaccinations: A Qualitative Study in Tennessee.

The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a frequently occurring sexually transmitted infection in adults and is associated with various cancers that can affect both males and females. Recently, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) expanded its recommendations for the HPV vaccine to include patients aged 27-45 years with shared clinical decision-making. A commonly reported obstacle to receiving the HPV vaccine among adults is a lack of healthcare provider recommendations. Considering the suboptimal HPV vaccine coverage figures and noting that the vast majority of hesitancy research has been conducted among children and adolescents, limited research is available on the adult perception of HPV vaccination in pharmacies. This study focuses on understanding adults' opinions and perceptions regarding the role of pharmacists in the uptake of the HPV vaccine and awareness of its availability in the pharmacy setting. METHODS: After receiving approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB), the qualitative study was initiated using virtual focus groups (FGs). Concepts from the Transtheoretical Model, the Health Belief Model, and the Social Cognitive Theory guided the study design. The corpus of data was collected in 2021 and 2022 by two researchers, and a third party transcribed the FGs to avoid any biases. The data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's Thematic Analysis. RESULTS: Out of 35 subjects that participated in six FGDs, most identified as female, with ages ranging from 18 to 45 years. The following four themes emerged: (1) HPV vaccine awareness; (2) stigmas leading to reduced education and vaccination rates; (3) education preferences; (4) follow-up in vaccination series reminders and preferences. CONCLUSION: Participants' views of the HPV vaccine and the ability to receive the vaccine in a pharmacy are influenced by a myriad of factors. Common factors include improved awareness, preferences for educational modalities, avoiding stigmas associated with HPV vaccination, combating gender-focused biases, and preferences for the location of vaccination. These barriers provide opportunities for pharmacists to promote and enhance vaccine uptake.

COVID-19 vaccination program at a student-run free clinic: A descriptive study.

People historically excluded from receiving medical care in the United States, in addition to being at greater risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection, have had slower vaccine uptake due to structural barriers to availability. We present one student-run free clinic's SARS-CoV-2 vaccination program from January 15 to August 1, 2021, in Nashville, Tennessee. We tracked SARS-CoV-2 vaccine primary series completion among 273 free clinic patients with the help of medical student volunteers, who scheduled appointments and answered vaccine-related questions. We worked with our academic medical center partner to host a single-dose vaccination event at our clinic. We compared vaccine series completion in our clinic to adult vaccine completion in Davidson County, Tennessee on August 1, 2021. Of the 273 free clinic participants, 144 identified as Spanish-speaking (52.7%) and 172 (63%) had at least one qualifying comorbidity per the December 30, 2020, Tennessee COVID-19 Vaccination Plan. As such, 183 (67%) were characterized as vaccine eligible in Phase 1a2, 1b, or 1c. On August 1, 2021, 63.1% of free clinic patients had completed their primary SARS-CoV-2 vaccination series compared with 58.9% of adults in Davidson County, Tennessee (RD 4.2%, 95% CI: -1.5% to 9.9%). Spanish-speaking free clinic patients were most likely to have completed their vaccination series. We describe a framework for a patient-centered vaccination effort to reach individuals traditionally missed by large vaccination campaigns. We highlight structural hurdles experienced by vulnerable populations, including language barriers, lack of technology or reliable internet access, inflexible working schedules, lack of transportation, and vaccine misinformation.

A Comprehensive Review of Vaping Use in Pediatric Patients and Recent Changes in Regulatory Laws.

The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), also known as vapes, by adolescents and young adults has dramatically increased over the past several years. E-cigarettes continue to be the most used form of tobacco among youth. As a result of this concerning trend, policies at both the state and federal levels have been implemented to limit availability in this population. Additionally, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had some positive and negative effects on the youth vaping epidemic with adolescent consumers reporting limited access to retail sites during the stay-at-home executive orders, but easier access with online purchasing because age verification was often not required. Complications resulting from vaping have been reported and include e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) and thrombotic events. Data suggest that the use of vaping devices can lead to both short- and long-term respiratory morbidity in the pediatric population. This review serves to provide a comprehensive examination of vaping use in pediatric patients and recent changes in regulatory laws to equip pharmacists with the knowledge to be aware of the different devices and products available, ask their pediatric patients regularly about use, and counsel and educate on the potential harmful effects.

A social media microinfluencer intervention to reduce coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine hesitancy in underserved Tennessee communities: A protocol paper.

BACKGROUND: Central to effective public health policy and practice is the trust between the population served and the governmental body leading health efforts, but that trust has eroded in the years preceding the pandemic. Vaccine hesitancy among adults is also a growing concern across the United States. Recent data suggest that the trustworthiness of information about the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine was a larger concern than the vaccine's adverse effects or risks. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe the methods used to create a public health microinfluencer social media vaccine confidence campaign for the COVID-19 vaccine in underserved Tennessee communities. A secondary objective is to describe how the Social-Ecological Model (SEM) and Social Cognitive Theory may address vaccine hesitancy using community pharmacies. METHODS: In late 2020, 50 independent community pharmacies in underserved communities across Tennessee were involved in a public health project with the State of Tennessee Department of Health and the University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy. The project involved a 3-pronged, pharmacy-based COVID-19 vaccination outreach project, including (1) social media messaging (i.e., microinfluencer approach), (2) community partner collaboration, and (3) in-pharmacy promotion. Quantitative and qualitative data will assess the quality and effectiveness of the program. Social media outcomes will also be assessed to measure the impact of the microinfluencer social media training. RESULTS: Project implementation is planned for 6 months (January 2021 to June 2021) after an initial month of planning by the research team (December 2020) and preceding several months of assessment (July 2021 and beyond). CONCLUSIONS: Novel, theory-based approaches will be necessary to improve vaccine confidence. One approach to promoting public health, derived from the SEM, may be to use trusted microinfluencers on social media platforms, such as local community pharmacists and community leaders.

Comparison of Clinical Outcomes and Medication Use of Obese Versus Nonobese Children Admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

Background: Few studies have compared clinical outcomes and medication use between obese and nonobese children in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Objectives: The primary objective was to compare clinical outcomes including mortality, PICU length of stay (LOS), and mechanical ventilation (MV) requirement between obese and nonobese children. Secondary objectives included analysis of factors associated with these outcomes and medication use between groups. Methods: This retrospective study included children 2 to 17 years old admitted to the PICU over a 1-year time frame. Patients were categorized as obese, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 95th percentile, and nonobese (BMI < 95th percentile). Three binary regression models assessed the impact of obesity on clinical outcomes. Results: There were 834 admissions, with 22.1% involving obese children. There was no difference in mortality, MV requirement, or PICU LOS between groups. There were no associations with obesity and clinical outcomes found, but an association was noted for medication classes and receipt of continuous infusions on clinical outcomes. There was no difference noted in the median number (interquartile range [IQR]) of medications between obese and nonobese children, 8 (6-13) versus 9 (6-15), P = .38, but there was a difference in patients receiving a continuous infusion between obese and nonobese children, 24.4% versus 8.8%, P < .01. The 15 most used medications in both groups included analgesics, antimicrobials, corticosteroids, bronchodilators, and gastrointestinal agents. Conclusions: One-fifth of all admissions included obese children. Obesity was not associated with mortality, PICU LOS, and MV requirement, but the number of medication classes and continuous infusions were associated with these outcomes.

Descriptive study of discharge medications in pediatric patients.

BACKGROUND: Limited studies have evaluated medications in children discharged from hospitals. Knowledge of the number of medications and dosage forms could provide a baseline to establish a medication discharge prescription program. OBJECTIVES: To identify the median number of discharge prescriptions per patient. Secondary objectives included an evaluation of the dosage formulations and frequency, and comparisons of the prevalence of unrounded medication doses between service type (medical vs surgical) and physician provider level (trainees vs attendings). METHODS: This retrospective study included children <18 years receiving >1 discharge prescription during 4 selected months over a 1-year time frame. Comparisons were made via Pearson's chi-square tests, Fisher's Exact tests, and Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric rank tests as appropriate with a priori p value of <0.05. RESULTS: A total of 852 patients were evaluated, with most (78.8%) on a medical service. The median (interquartile range) number of new medications at discharge was 2 (1-3), with the median total number of discharge medications of 3 (2-6). There was no difference in the net change of the median number of home medications stopped and new medications started between service types. The majority (72.2%) received >1 oral liquid medications. There was no difference in prescribing rates per service type and provider level. There was a difference in the number of unrounded doses between trainees versus attendings, 17.8% versus 9.5%, p = 0.048. CONCLUSION: Patients were discharged on a median of three medications, and most received >1 oral liquid medications. These data can be used to target children who would benefit from medication discharge prescription programs.

Exploring the early phase of implementation of a vaccine-based clinical decision support system in the community pharmacy.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the implementation strategy of a recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) clinical decision support (CDS) intervention in community pharmacy workflow to increase second-dose vaccination rates. SETTING: The level of analysis was the unit (e.g., pharmacy). The participants were selected from across approximately 2200 pharmacies in 37 states on the basis of criteria believed to affect implementation success (e.g., size, location) using a sampling matrix. PRACTICE DESCRIPTION: Large supermarket pharmacy chain. PRACTICE INNOVATION: Vaccine-based CDS intervention in community pharmacy workflow. EVALUATION: A mixed-methods contextual inquiry approach explored the implementation of a new RZV CDS workflow intervention. Data collection involved key informant, semistructured interviews and an electronic, Web-based survey. The survey was based on a validated instrument and was made available to all pharmacists nationwide within the study organization to assess views of the implementation's appropriateness, acceptability, and feasibility during early implementation. Afterward, a series of semistructured, in-depth interviews were conducted until a point of saturation was reached. The interview guide was based on selected constructs of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. RESULTS: A total of 1128 survey responses were collected. Survey respondents agreed or strongly agreed that the implementation was acceptable (78.34%), appropriate (79.92%), and feasible (80.53%). Twelve pharmacist participants were interviewed via telephone. Five themes emerged from the interviews, revealing facilitators and barriers that affected implementation of the intervention: intervention characteristics, outer setting, inner setting, characteristics of individuals, and process. CONCLUSION: The implementation of the RZV CDS "nudge" intervention was welcomed, suitable, and operable in the community pharmacy setting to meet the needs of the organization, employees, and patients. The contextual factors identified during the implementation process of this CDS intervention in a community pharmacy setting may be used in scaling this and future CDS interventions for public health initiatives aimed at pharmacists in this setting.

A survey of pediatric degree option program graduates in a doctor of pharmacy curriculum: Confidence and initial employment position.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Graduates from the pediatric degree option program (PDOP) were tracked to identify confidence with pediatric pharmacotherapy and categorize initial employment following graduation. EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY AND SETTING: The PDOP was established in 2011 and requires 16 credits of pediatric-focused didactic coursework and advanced pharmacy practice experiences. Thirty PDOP graduates completed a 30-item questionnaire to assess confidence in pediatric pharmacotherapy knowledge and skill statements and employment position following graduation. Responses were compared between those completing post-graduate pediatric pharmacy training and those who did not. FINDINGS: Nineteen (63.3%) graduates responded. All expressed "very high" or "high" confidence with dose calculations, first-line treatment selection for otitis media, and counseling caregivers on medications. However, <75% expressed "very high" or "high" confidence with identification of pharmacokinetic differences in neonates vs. children, utilization of growth charts, and counseling children. Ten (52.6%) respondents completed post-graduate training, and the remainder had an initial position in community or hospital pharmacy. There were no significant differences in pharmacotherapy skill and knowledge statements between those completing residency vs. those who did not. The most beneficial experiences reported were gaining clinical experience in pediatric pharmacy and medication safety. SUMMARY: Overall, PDOP graduates noted high confidence in pediatric pharmacotherapy skills and knowledge. Most felt that the PDOP influenced their initial career plans and made them more competitive for their initial position following graduation. The PDOP was well received and provided an opportunity for additional knowledge and skill development for students interested in pediatrics.

Prescribing Patterns of Continuous Infusions in Nonobese versus Obese Children Admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

This retrospective study compared the continuous infusions prescribed for obese and nonobese children. Ninety-five (13.2%) received an infusion. A greater percentage of obese ( n = 42/168) versus nonobese (53/552) children received infusions, p < 0.01. No difference was noted in the median number of infusions between the obese and nonobese groups, 2 versus 2, p = 0.975. The top 20 prescribed infusions included ten (50%) for sedation/analgesia or neuromuscular blockade and six (30%) for hemodynamic support. A literature search was performed for these 20 agents to determine pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and dosing in obese children and revealed six studies evaluating fentanyl ( n = 2), midazolam ( n = 1), and propofol ( n = 3).

Impact of Pharmacy School Characteristics on NAPLEX First-time Pass Rates.

Objective. To assess the impact of pharmacy school characteristics on the pass rates of students taking the North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination (NAPLEX) for the first time. Methods. A retrospective review of NAPLEX first-time pass rates, pharmacy school characteristics and percent of total graduating class who matched for a first postgraduate year (PGY1) residency was performed for 2014, 2015, and 2016. All US colleges of pharmacy accredited as of July 2017 were included. Independent samples t tests, paired samples t tests, correlational analysis, and multiple linear regression were conducted. Results. The first-time pass rates on the NAPLEX were significantly higher for the following: schools located within an academic health center; schools established before 2000, and public schools. The 2016 NAPLEX first-time pass rate was significantly higher for schools with a traditional four-year program structure versus an accelerated three-year structure. Also, a school's first-time pass rate on the NAPLEX was positively, significantly correlated with percentage of fourth-year students who matched for a PGY1 residency and being located within an academic health center. The NAPLEX first-time pass rate for the previous year and percent of the total graduating class that matched for a PGY1 residency were significant predictors in the final regression models for 2015 and 2016 NAPLEX first-time pass rates. Conclusion. While differences in certain program characteristics was coorelated with NAPLEX pass rate, many of these factors are not modifiable. Programs can proactively and critically evaluate their educational programs and the readiness of their students to sit for the NAPLEX.

Academic Careers in Pediatric Pharmacy: Part 2-Academic Advancement.

An increasing number of pediatric clinical pharmacists are pursuing careers in academia. Once in an academic position, questions, challenges and benefits related to the processes of academic evaluation and advancement unique to pediatric academia often arise. This is the second article in a 2-part series that attempts to demystify pediatric faculty positions and address gaps in the literature regarding careers in pediatric-focused academic positions. The purpose of this article is to review key aspects pertaining to academic evaluation and the preparation for and process of academic advancement/promotion. A question and answer format is used to discuss common questions related to these processes and tips for success are provided. This article is primarily intended to be used as a helpful guide for junior faculty members as well as mid-level individuals seeking advancement; however, it will also benefit students, trainees, and practicing pharmacists seeking increased knowledge of pediatric academic career paths.

Overview and Preparation Guide for Academic Careers in Pediatric Pharmacy, Part 1: Career as a Pediatric Pharmacy Practice Faculty Member.

Pediatric clinical pharmacy is a growing and evolving field with an increasing number of pediatric clinical pharmacists in academia. In 2017, pediatric practice faculty members represented approximately 7.6% of all pharmacy practice faculty in the United States. The benefits of practicing in an academic environment are many, including, but not limited to, the ability to shape the future of pharmacy practice through the training of the next generation of pharmacists, contributing to science through research and scholarly activities for the care of pediatric patients, and positively impacting patient care for the most vulnerable of patients. Part one of this two-part series describes careers in academic pediatric pharmacy, as well as faculty roles and responsibilities, and provides information and advice related to the preparation and transition into careers in academic pediatric pharmacy.

Description of a pediatric degree option program in a doctorate of pharmacy curriculum and its impact on pediatric-focused advanced pharmacy practice experience rotations and faculty scholarly productivity.

PURPOSE: To describe the development of a Pediatric Degree Option program and its impact on pediatric-focused advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs) and faculty scholarly productivity. EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY: The Pediatric Degree Option program was established in 2011 and requires 16 h of didactic coursework and APPEs. The number of pediatric-focused APPEs and mean number of APPEs per pediatric faculty per year was compared pre- (2005-2010) and post-implementation (2011-2016). In addition, the median number of scholarship activities per student pre- and post-implementation was compared. The initial position obtained by graduates completing the degree option was collected. FINDINGS: Thirty students have completed the program. There were 146 pediatric-focused APPEs for the pre-implementation period and 259 post-implementation. However, there was an increase in pediatric faculty during the post-implementation, so there was no difference in the mean number of pediatric-focused APPEs per pediatric faculty in the pre- versus post-implementation period, 8.4 + 2.7 versus 6.9 +1.0, p = .224. A significant increase in the median number of pediatric-focused scholarly activities per student was observed pre-versus post-implementation, 3 (2-5) versus 5 (3-7), p = .005. Twenty-six (86.7%) students in the post-implementation period participated as a research assistant or coauthor in an original research or manuscript writing project. Students accepted a variety of positions after graduation including twelve (40%) accepting a PGY1 residency and eight (36.7%) as community pharmacists. SUMMARY: Although the number of pediatric-focused APPEs increased in the post-implementation, this did not result in an increase in the mean number of mean pediatric-focused APPEs per pediatric faculty member. However, it did allow a unique opportunity for 30 students with interest in pediatrics and allowed for content and skill development. The Pediatric Degree Option program allowed students to gain experience with pediatric-focused scholarly activities that also enhanced faculty productivity in scholarship and research.

Assessing self-assessment practices: A survey of U.S. colleges and schools of pharmacy.

OBJECTIVE: This study quantifies and describes student self-assessment approaches in colleges of pharmacy across the United States. METHODS: Faculty members identified as assessment directors from college websites at U.S. colleges of pharmacy were electronically surveyed. Prior to distribution, feedback and question validation was sought from select assessment directors. Surveys were distributed and recorded, via Qualtrics® survey software and analyzed in Microsoft Excel®. RESULTS: Responses were received from 49 colleges of pharmacy (n = 49/134, 37% response rate). The most commonly used strategies were reflective essays (n = 44/49, 90%), portfolios (n = 40/49, 82%), student self-evaluations (n = 35/49, 71%) and questionnaires/surveys/checklists (n = 29/49, 59%). Out of 49 submitted surveys, 35 programs noted students received feedback on self-assessment. Feedback came most commonly from faculty (n = 31/35, 88%). Thirty-four programs responded regarding self-assessment integration including fifteen colleges (n = 15/34, 44%) that integrated self-assessment both into the curriculum and co-curricular activities, while 14 (n = 14/34, 41%) integrated self-assessment exclusively into the curriculum, and five (n = 5/34, 15%) used self-assessment exclusively in co-curricular activities. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Student self-assessment is a critical first step of the Continuing Professional Development (CPD) process. Colleges and schools of pharmacy use a wide variety of methods to develop this skill in preparing future practitioners.

Prevalence of Unrounded Medication Doses and Associated Factors Among Hospitalized Pediatric Patients.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with unrounded doses ordered via a computerized prescriber order entry (CPOE) system among children during a 1-week reference period. METHODS: This retrospective, cross-sectional study included children younger than 18 years admitted during a 7-day period. An unrounded dose was defined as an unrounded actual dose (eg, dose calculated to the tenths place for non-neonatal intensive care (non-NICU) patients and dose calculated to the hundredth place for NICU patients) or unrounded volume per dose [eg, <0.1 mL for non-NICU patients and <0.01 mL for NICU patients]. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to determine the prevalence and factors associated with unrounded doses via a CPOE system with adjustment for clustering effects. RESULTS: A total of 395 patients were admitted with 391 receiving medications. The overall prevalence of unrounded doses was 30% among the 2426 doses administered. Patients on the NICU team had the highest prevalence of unrounded doses. The odds of an unrounded dose were 4% (adjusted odds ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.94-0.98) lower with each additional kilogram increase in weight after controlling for age, route, scheduled versus as-needed administration, and cluster effects. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of unrounded doses was higher than in previous studies. It was higher in smaller children after controlling for age, medication-related variables, and clustering. Future studies should focus on the role of CPOE in preventing unrounded and unmeasurable doses and if these strategies affect clinical outcomes (eg, adverse drug events).

Assessment of inpatient admissions and top 25 medications for obese pediatric patients at two academic hospitals.

PURPOSE: Inpatient admissions and the top 25 medications for obese pediatric patients at two academic hospitals were assessed. METHODS: Children age 2-17 years were included if they were obese and admitted to either hospital on or after January 1, 2011, and discharged before December 31, 2011. Obesity was defined as a body mass index of ≥95th percentile for age and sex. The objectives of this study were to determine the percentage of hospital admissions involving obese children and compile a list of medications prescribed to these patients. The top 25 medications prescribed were further evaluated to determine their pharmacokinetic disposition in obese patients. RESULTS: Obese children accounted for 18.8% of the 15,119 admissions for children age 2-17 years at the two study hospitals. No significant difference was noted in the number of obese pediatric children admitted between institutions. A total of 28,234 medications were ordered for this population, with a median number of 8 medications prescribed per admission. Sixteen of the same medications (64.0%) ranked in the top 25 at each facility. The most commonly prescribed medications for these patients included analgesics, antimicrobials, corticosteroids, bronchodilators, and gastrointestinal agents. CONCLUSION: Obese children accounted for 18.8% of admissions for patients age 2-17 years at two academic hospitals over a 1-year period. The most commonly prescribed medications for these children included analgesics, antimicrobials, corticosteroids, bronchodilators, and gastrointestinal agents. The literature guiding the dosing of these medications in this population was limited to seven studies, representing just three medications.

Vancomycin Dosing and Pharmacokinetics in Postoperative Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery Patients.

OBJECTIVES: This study compared vancomycin trough concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters in pediatric cardiothoracic surgery (CTS) patients versus those in controls receiving 20 mg/kg/dose, intravenously, every 8 hours. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in children <18 years of age, following CTS, versus an age-and sex-matched control group. The primary objective was to determine differences in trough concentrations between groups. Secondary objectives included comparisons of pharmacokinetics between groups and development of vancomycin-associated acute kidney injury (AKI), defined as a doubling in serum creatinine from baseline. Also dosing projections were developed to target an area-under-the-curve-to-minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC:MIC) ratio of ≥400. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients in each group were evaluated. Mean trough concentrations were significantly different between groups (CTS: 18.4 mg/L; control: 8.8 mg/L; p < 0.01). Vancomycin-associated acute kidney injury AKI was significantly higher in the CTS group than in controls (25.9% versus 0%, respectively, p<0.01). There were significant differences in vancomycin elimination rates, with a high degree of variability, but no statistical differences in other parameters. Based on dosing projections, CTS patients would require 21 to 88 mg/kg/day, with a dosage interval determined by the child's glomerular filtration rate to achieve the target AUC:MIC ≥400. CONCLUSIONS: Vancomycin dosage of 20 mg/kg/dose intravenously every 8 hours achieved significantly higher trough concentrations in CTS patients than in controls. Pharmacokinetic parameters were highly variable in CTS patients, indicating more individualization of dosage is needed. A future prospective study is needed to determine whether the revised dosage projections achieve the AUC:MIC target and to determine whether these regimens are associated with less vancomycin-associated AKI.

A multimodal approach to improving human papillomavirus vaccination in a community pharmacy setting.

BACKGROUND: Community pharmacy has become a major access point for several types of vaccinations. Despite the success of vaccination programs like influenza, pneumococcal, and herpes zoster, the rates of human papillomavirus vaccination continue to lag. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective is to describe and report on the impact of a multimodal series of pharmacist-led educational interventions on human papillomavirus vaccination rates in a community pharmacy setting. The primary outcome of this study was change in pharmacist-delivered human papillomavirus vaccination throughout a corresponding 8-week period in 2014 and 2015. METHODS: A single-center, quasi-experimental interrupted time series mixed-methods pilot study was used to investigate a pharmacist-led, multimodal educational intervention approach to improve human papillomavirus vaccination rates in the community. RESULTS: During the 2014 control period, there were no human papillomavirus vaccines dispensed or administered according to the internal prescription dispensing software. In 2015, a total of 10 patients indicated that they were vaccinated, with 9 patients receiving their first dose and 1 patient receiving his or her second dose at the pharmacy. Pharmacist recommendation was the most reported education method for increasing patient awareness of the human papillomavirus vaccine (n = 10). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates pharmacist designed, educational interventions may impact human papillomavirus vaccination rates in the community. Further community-based research with larger sample sizes is warranted to verify these results. Due to the unique barriers to human papillomavirus vaccination, a multimodal and inter-professional approach such as the one presented here is warranted.