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1.
J Econ Entomol ; 116(2): 486-495, 2023 04 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36895193

RESUMO

Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss produces a valuable timber but plantations are susceptible to attack by the shoot-tip borer Hypsipyla robusta Moore. An integrated pest management (IPM) approach is desirable to limit the extent of damage. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the deployment of IPM measures in plantations in Vietnam. Data on tree damage and the biology of H. robusta were gathered in 4 provinces over one year and used to build an investigation schedule. Two preliminary IPM trials were then established in which Bacillus thuringiensis and Metarhizium anisopliae were applied to the foliage when the damage incidence (P%) was in the range 5-10%; and insecticides (Carbaryl, Carbosulfan) were applied when the P% exceeded 10%. In addition, larvae and pupae were removed manually over time. In the first trial, the combination of manual and biological control methods reduced the damage index (DI) of trees from 4 tolerant families by 82% compared to the untreated control plots. In the second trial using standard planting stock, application of insecticides was required to reduce the DI by 83%. Six extended IPM trials were undertaken using the same IPM protocols and these reduced the DI to the same extent as in the preliminary trials. Over an 18-month period, the deployment of IPM increased height growth by 19-22% and diameter growth by 38-41% compared to the controls. These findings highlight the value of planting improved seed and the benefit of adopting an IPM approach to manage the shoot-tip borer.


Assuntos
Inseticidas , Lepidópteros , Meliaceae , Mariposas , Animais , Controle de Insetos/métodos , Larva , Controle Biológico de Vetores/métodos
2.
Biomed Res Int ; 2021: 5516344, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34368349

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic of pneumonia spreading around the world, leading to serious threats to public health and attracting enormous attention. There is an urgent need for sensitive diagnostic testing implementation to control and manage SARS-CoV-2 in public health laboratories. The quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) assay is the gold standard method, but the sensitivity and specificity of SARS-CoV-2 testing are dependent on a number of factors. METHODS: We synthesized RNA based on the genes published to estimate the concentration of inactivated virus samples in a biosafety level 3 laboratory. The limit of detection (LOD), linearity, accuracy, and precision were evaluated according to the bioanalytical method validation guidelines. RESULTS: We found that the LOD reached around 3 copies/reaction. Furthermore, intra-assay precision, accuracy, and linearity met the accepted criterion with an RSD for copies of less than 25%, and linear regression met the accepted R 2 of 0.98. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that synthesized RNA based on the database of the NCBI gene bank for estimating the concentration of inactivated virus samples provides a potential opportunity for reliable testing to diagnose coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as well as limit the spread of the disease. This method may be relatively quick and inexpensive, and it may be useful for developing countries during the pandemic era. In the long term, it is also applicable for evaluation, verification, validation, and external quality assessment.


Assuntos
COVID-19/virologia , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/normas , RNA Viral/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/métodos , SARS-CoV-2/genética , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/genética , Países em Desenvolvimento/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos , Pandemias , RNA Viral/análise , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Estudos de Validação como Assunto
3.
Biomed Res Int ; 2020: 7610678, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33029522

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: There is a shortage of chemical reagents for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) diagnosis and a surge of SARS-CoV-2 cases, especially in limited-resource settings. Therefore, the combination of an optimal assay kit is necessary. METHODS: We compared the ability to screen SARS-CoV-2 among three primer-probe sets in two different master mixes, Invitrogen™ SuperScript™ III One-Step RT-PCR and LightCycler Multiplex RNA Virus Master. RESULTS: The assay with TIB-Molbiol, IDT, and Phu Sa sets for LightCycler Multiplex RNA Virus Master or Invitrogen™ SuperScript™ III One-Step RT-PCR showed positive results from a single reaction of triplicate in the three days of 4.8 copies per reaction. R squared and amplification efficiency were 0.97 and ranged from 107 to 108%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicated that TIB-Molbiol, IDT, and Phu Sa primer-probe sets could be beneficial for the laboratory screening of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-qPCR assay of E gene. There is a need to consider the combination of these reagent sets as a new strategy to increase the testing capacity of screening programs for COVID-19.


Assuntos
Betacoronavirus/genética , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico/métodos , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Primers do DNA/genética , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Sondas RNA/genética , Betacoronavirus/isolamento & purificação , COVID-19 , Teste para COVID-19 , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/virologia , Humanos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex/métodos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex/estatística & dados numéricos , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/virologia , RNA Viral/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/estatística & dados numéricos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/métodos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/estatística & dados numéricos , SARS-CoV-2 , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
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