Changes in Quality of life Outcomes of Patients with HIV/AIDS Under a Theory-based Mobile Health Intervention.

This study examined the effectiveness of a theory-based mHealth intervention on the quality of life (QOL) of people living with HIV. A randomized controlled trial was performed at two outpatient clinics in Hanoi, Vietnam. There were 428 patients with HIV/AIDs in selected clinics and were divided into the intervention arm (receiving HIV-assisted smartphone application and usual care) and the control arm (receiving only usual care). The WHOQOLHIV-BREF instrument was utilized to measure QOL. An intention-to-treat approach using Generalized Linear Mixed Model analysis was performed. The trial showed significant improvements in Physical health, Psychological health, and Level of Dependence among patients in the intervention arm compared to the control arm. However, the Environment and Spirituality/Personal beliefs improvements would require additional interventions, both individual, organizational, or governmental. This study explored the utility of a smartphone mobile application for individuals with HIV, and how the resultant application could improve the overall QOL.

Crucial choices in a global health crisis: Revealing the demand and willingness to pay for a hypothetical monkeypox vaccine - the PREVENT study.

Background: The latent monkeypox outbreak has become the most emergent public health challenge globally. This study was conducted to assess the acceptability, and willingness to take and pay for a hypothetical Monkeypox vaccine among the Vietnamese general public as well as investigate preference for individual vaccine attributes. Methods: An online cross-sectional study was conducted using snowball sampling among 842 respondents in Vietnam in 2022. A Discrete choice experiment (DCE) on preference for six major attributes of vaccine: effectiveness, immunity duration, side effects, mortality rate, restriction, and the cost was applied. Results: Fear of the impact of monkeypox on public health and the economy, vaccine service satisfaction and responsibility to the community were the most weighted factors in the decision to take a hypothetical monkeypox vaccine. Two-thirds of participants were willing to take the vaccine, while insufficient information on monkeypox and the vaccine were the main reasons for vaccine hesitancy. For vaccine attributes, the mortality rate after seven days of vaccination was the most weighted while cost was the least influential attribute. Factors associated with willingness to take and to pay for the monkeypox vaccine included knowledge of transmission, geographical location, service satisfaction, and risk of infection, while financial burden and fear of vaccine were major drivers of hesitancy. Conclusion: Our findings underline an urgent need for effective information dissemination through social media and counseling. The implementation of nationwide monkeypox vaccination requires prioritization and support for high-risk groups as well as consideration for the country's financial resources.

Efficacy of a Mobile Phone-Based Intervention on Health Behaviors and HIV/AIDS Treatment Management: Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is considered the most important intervention for HIV-positive patients; thus, encouraging the use of and adherence to ART are vital to HIV treatment outcomes. Advances in web and mobile technologies hold potential in supporting HIV treatment management. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a theory-based mobile health (mHealth) intervention on health behaviors and HIV treatment adherence among patients with HIV/AIDS in Vietnam. METHODS: We performed a randomized controlled trial on 425 HIV patients in two of the largest HIV clinics in Hanoi, Vietnam. Both the intervention group (238 patients) and the control group (187 patients) received regular consultations with doctors and then participated in 1-month and 3-month follow-up visits. Patients in the intervention group received a theory-driven smartphone app to facilitate medication adherence and self-efficacy in HIV patients. Measurements were developed based on the Health Belief Model, which included the visual analog scale of ART Adherence, HIV Treatment Adherence Self-Efficacy Scale, and HIV Symptom Management Self-Efficacy Scale. We also included the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to assess patients' mental health throughout treatment. RESULTS: In the intervention group, the adherence score increased significantly (ß=1.07, 95% CI .24-1.90) after 1 month, whereas the HIV adherence self-efficacy was significantly higher after 3 months (ß=2.17, 95% CI 2.07-2.27) compared to the control group. There was a positive but low level of change in risk behaviors such as drinking, smoking, and drug use. Factors related to positive change in adherence were being employed and having stable mental well-being (lower PHQ-9 scores). Factors associated with self-efficacy in treatment adherence and symptom management were gender, occupation, younger age, and having no other underlying conditions. A longer duration of ART increased treatment adherence but decreased self-efficacy in symptom management. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that the mHealth app could improve the overall ART adherence self-efficacy of patients. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed to support our findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Thai Clinical Trials Registry TCTR20220928003; https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20220928003.

Large intra-abdominal venous malformations in associated with inferior vena cava aneurysm.

Intra-abdominal venous malformations and inferior vena cava aneurysms are rare and difficult to diagnose because of their nonspecific clinical symptoms. These vascular anomalies are important entities due to the risk of thrombosis or rupture. According to the classification of International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies, venous malformations are classified as low-flow vascular anomalies, showing absence of arterial and early venous enhancement and slow gradual filling with contrast on delayed venous imaging. Phleboliths related to thrombosis and calcifications, are the key finding of venous malformations. In this article, we report an exceptional case of large intra-abdominal venous malformations in associated with an inferior vena cava aneurysm.

Cushing's syndrome due to atypical carcinoid of the mediastinum.

Ectopic Cushing's syndrome, caused by a neuroendocrine tumor (NET), is a rare finding. NETs of the mediastinum are extremely rare. NETs arising from the anterior mediastinum are generally aggressive. They are widely characterized at clinical presentations, and may be asymptomatic or present with atypical symptoms. Prognosis is often poor due to their local recurrence and distant metastasis despite a multimodal approach. A 33-year-old male patient was admitted to our department with a femoral soft tissue abscess, diabetes, and hypokalemia. He had no typical features of Cushing's syndrome. However, with a few simple tests, that is, a basal hormone profile, and low-dose and high-dose dexamethasone suppression tests, we diagnosed this complicated condition of ectopic adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) secretion. Thoracic computed tomography revealed an anterior mediastinal mass of 35 × 22 mm. A surgical excision of the tumor was proposed, and intra-operative pathology consultation returned positive for the suspected NET. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for CK, CD56, Chromogranin, Synaptophysin, S100, and CD117. No thymic tissue was found. The Ki-67 was 4%. A diagnosis of primary NETs of the mediastinum, intermediate grade (G2), of atypical carcinoids according to WHO 2015 was established. This patient survived with no sequelae, no distant metastasis, no recurrence, and without adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy 2 years after surgery thanks to earlier diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention. Mediastinum ectopic ACTH-secreting tumors are a rare type of cancer. According to recent research, these tumors frequently display more aggressive behavior and are linked to endocrinopathies. It is noted that patient might have a better outcome and a longer survival time due to earlier detection and complete resection of malignancies.

A novel bimetallic MOFs combined with gold nanoflakes in electrochemical sensor for measuring bisphenol A.

In this paper, a novel bimetallic Fe-Cu metal-organic framework combined with 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (Fe-Cu-BTC) are synthesized using hydrothermal reaction. The bimetallic Fe-Cu-BTC with high BET (1504 cm3 g-1) and high Langmuir surface area (1831 cm3 g-1) is composited by gold nanoparticles to improve the conductivity and to develop their synergistic effect. A novel bisphenol A (BPA) sensor was prepared by dropcasting Fe-Cu-BTC on glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) followed by AuNPs electrodeposition. The Fe-Cu-BTC framework were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy studies (TEM), FT-IR, BET measurements and EDX spectra. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were carried out for surveying the electrochemical properties of the sensors and for the quantification of BPA. Two linear ranges of BPA concentrations 0.1-1.0 µM and 1.0-18 µM with 18 nM limit of detection were obtained. The developed sensor was used to measure the concentration of BPA in samples extracted from rain coat with the recovery ranging from 85.70 to 103.23%.

A novel machine learning approach to predict the export price of seafood products based on competitive information: The case of the export of Vietnamese shrimp to the US market.

Predicting the export price of shrimp is important for Vietnam's fisheries. It not only promotes product quality but also helps policy makers determine strategies to develop the national shrimp industry. Competition in global markets is considered to be an important factor, one that significantly influences price. In this study, we predicted trends in the export price of Vietnamese shrimp based on competitive information from six leading exporters (China, India, Indonesia, Thailand, Ecuador, and Chile) who, alongside Vietnam, also export shrimp to the US. The prediction was based on a dataset collected from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and the World Trade Organization (WTO) (May-1995 to May-2019) that included price, required farming certificates, and disease outbreak data. A super learner technique, which combined 10 single algorithms, was used to make predictions in selected base periods (3, 6, 9, and 12 months). It was found that the super learner obtained results in all base periods that were more accurate and stable than any candidate algorithms. The impacts of variables in the predictive model were interpreted by a SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis to determine their influence on the price of Vietnamese exports. The price of Indian, Thai, and Chinese exports highlighted the advantages of being a World Trade Organization member and the disadvantages of the prevalence of shrimp disease in Vietnam, which has had a significant impact on the Vietnamese shrimp export price.

Fuzzy-Assisted Mobile Edge Orchestrator and SARSA Learning for Flexible Offloading in Heterogeneous IoT Environment.

In the era of heterogeneous 5G networks, Internet of Things (IoT) devices have significantly altered our daily life by providing innovative applications and services. However, these devices process large amounts of data traffic and their application requires an extremely fast response time and a massive amount of computational resources, leading to a high failure rate for task offloading and considerable latency due to congestion. To improve the quality of services (QoS) and performance due to the dynamic flow of requests from devices, numerous task offloading strategies in the area of multi-access edge computing (MEC) have been proposed in previous studies. Nevertheless, the neighboring edge servers, where computational resources are in excess, have not been considered, leading to unbalanced loads among edge servers in the same network tier. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a collaboration algorithm between a fuzzy-logic-based mobile edge orchestrator (MEO) and state-action-reward-state-action (SARSA) reinforcement learning, which we call the Fu-SARSA algorithm. We aim to minimize the failure rate and service time of tasks and decide on the optimal resource allocation for offloading, such as a local edge server, cloud server, or the best neighboring edge server in the MEC network. Four typical application types, healthcare, AR, infotainment, and compute-intensive applications, were used for the simulation. The performance results demonstrate that our proposed Fu-SARSA framework outperformed other algorithms in terms of service time and the task failure rate, especially when the system was overloaded.

Bacillus subtilis QST 713 Supplementation during Late Gestation in Gilts Reduces Stillbirth and Increases Piglet Birth Weight.

Recent studies have shown that probiotic supplementation during late gestation exerts some beneficial effects on reproductive performance of the sows. This study aimed to investigate effects of Bacillus subtilis QST 713 supplementation in gilts on different reproductive criteria. A total of 94 Camborough-48 gilts at day 85 of gestation were randomly allocated into 2 groups: (1) control diet; (2) control diet + 4 × 108 CFU Bacillus subtilis QST 713 per day. Gilts were supplemented until farrowing. At farrowing, litter size, number of piglets born alive, stillbirths, mummies, birth weight, farrowing duration, and birth interval were recorded. Within litter variation of piglet birth weight, depicted as SDBW and CVBW, was also calculated. Results showed that Bacillus subtilis QST 713 supplementation decreased stillbirth rate (1.26 vs. 4.37%, p=0.035) and increased birth weight of the piglets (1303.94 vs. 1234.09 g, p=0.007). Also, the litter size (11.85 vs. 10.67, p=0.03), number of piglets born alive (11.71 vs. 10.23, p=0.008), and litter weight (15473.06 vs. 13174.86 g, p=0.002) in the treatment group were higher than those in the control. Farrowing duration (174.39 vs. 160.81 minutes, p=0.162), birth interval (16.32 vs. 16.59 minutes, p=0.674), SDBW (85.07 vs. 94.65 g, p=0.343), and CVBW (6.42 vs. 7.85, p=0.12) were independent of the Bacillus subtilis QST 713 supplementation. Results of the present study indicate that supplementation of Bacillus subtilis QST 713 during late gestation in gilts reduces stillbirth and increases birth weight thereby improving their reproductive performance.

Elevated congenital heart disease birth prevalence rates found in Central Vietnam and dioxin TCDD residuals from the use of 2, 4, 5-T herbicides (Agent Orange) in the Da Nang region.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) birth prevalence rate in Da Nang City and two adjacent provinces in Central Vietnam reported by Giang et al. in 2019 was 20.09/1000 births, much higher than any CHD birth rates previously reported. In this current study, three physicians trained in pediatric cardiology reanalyzed and reclassified the Giang et al 2019 cardiac anomalies data, eliminating singular small PDAs and separating cardiac defects into 27 contemporary CHD subgroups. These CHD subgroups were then statistically compared with Liu et al. 2019 Global CHD birth prevalence study of Asian Low-Middle Income Countries (LMIC) CHD subgroup rate of 9.34/1000 births (95% CI 8.07-10.70). Despite applying newer diagnostic criteria and refining the cardiac anomalies data, the Da Nang region continued to show significantly (p<0.0001) elevated total CHD birth prevalence rates at 14.71/1000 births (95% CI 12.74-16.69) compared to the Asian LMIC CHD birth prevalence rate 9.34/1000 births. This finding raises the question of whether environmental persistence of the contaminant dioxin TCDD from 2,4,5-T herbicides (Agent Orange) used during the Vietnam War (1961-1971) in the Da Nang region might be a factor associated with elevated CHD birth prevalence, as it is not present in other LMIC surrounding Vietnam. We recommend testing of soils and sediments in rural and agricultural areas in Central Vietnam that received high volume applications of contaminated herbicides to assess the relationship of the higher CHD birth prevalence rate and the presence of residual dioxin TCDD. Enhanced fetal cardiac echocardiograpy in the region to screen for CHD would enable early interventions and could improve outcomes for infants and children.

Telephone-Based Smoking Cessation Counseling Service: Satisfaction and Outcomes in Vietnamese Smokers.

BACKGROUND: As a method to acknowledge the devastating health and economic impacts of tobacco usage worldwide, telephone-based tobacco cessation counseling services have emerged as a potential tool to aid people in their quitting process. This study explores the satisfaction of smokers who use the QUITLINE service and factors associated with their quit attempts and cessation. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 110 participants was conducted from June to July 2016 at the Respiratory Center at Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam. Multivariate logistic regression was used, and it was found that the percentage of people quitting smoking increased after using the service. RESULTS: In total, 65.5% of participants were completely satisfied with the counseling service. The mean score of staff/s capacity/responsiveness, motivation, and service convenience were 4.37 ± 0.78, 4.30 ± 0.81, and 4.27 ± 0.66, respectively. The smoking relapse rate was relatively high at 58.3%, which mainly resulted from cravings and busy work (26.2% and 14.3%, respectively). A higher satisfaction score in "Staffs' capacity and responsiveness" was negatively associated with "ever tried to quit smoking in consecutive 24 h" and actually quit smoking after receiving counseling. Meanwhile, a higher score in the "Motivation" domain was positively associated with both quit attempt indicators as well as actually quitting smoking after receiving counseling (OR = 9.48; 95%CI = 2.27; 39.57). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that it is crucial for decision makers to place more focus on countermeasures for smoking relapse and to strengthen the capacity of staff, especially in motivating clients. Interventions should also be maintained throughout a long period of time to prevent relapse.

Methylene blue adsorption mechanism of activated carbon synthesised from cashew nut shells.

Activated carbon produced from agricultural products and wastes has been applied widely to remove pollutants in the field of waste water treatment. However, the cost of this adsorbent depends so much on the raw material sources. Therefore, the approach of producing activated carbon from agricultural waste is strongly recommended due to economic advantages and environmental protection. One of the potential feed-stocks for the activated carbon production is cashew nut shell (CNS) waste which could reduce the negative impacts to the environment from the cashew nut processing industry and simultaneously enhance the values of the related products. This study focused on evaluating the influences of variable factors, such as activation temperature and time, on the properties of the activated carbon obtained from CNS. Methylene blue (MB) adsorption was applied to understand the adsorption mechanism of the products. The results show that increasing the activation temperature led to a rise in the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon within the temperature range of 800 to 850 °C. Otherwise, the values were reduced when the temperature was greater than 850 °C and this was related to the thermal decomposition of carbon. The adsorption capacity also increased when the activation time was changed from 30 min to 50 min. However, in the activation time range from 50 to 70 min, there was a reduction of the adsorption capacity of CNS-based activated carbon. The results also show that the MB adsorption of the activated carbon occurred with one-site-occupancy in the first layer and then layer-by-layer adsorption formation.

Pressure effects on the EXAFS Debye-Waller factor of iron.

The pressure effects on atomic mean-square relative displacement characterizing the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) Debye-Waller factor of iron metal have been investigated based on the Debye model. The analytical expressions of the Debye frequency and EXAFS Debye-Waller factor have been derived as functions of crystal volume compressibility. Based on the well established equation-of-state including the contributions of the anharmonic and electronic thermal pressures, numerical calculations have been performed for iron up to a pressure of 220 GPa and compared with experimental data when possible. These results show that the Debye frequency increases rapidly with compression, and beyond 150 GPa it behaves as a linear function of pressure. Meanwhile the mean-square relative displacement curve drops robustly with pressure, especially at pressures smaller than 100 GPa. This phenomenon causes the enhancement of EXAFS signals at high pressure. Reversely, the increasing of temperature will reduce the amplitude of EXAFS spectra.

Heterostemma cucphuongense (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae), a new species from Vietnam.

Heterostemma cucphuongense (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae), a new species from Vietnam is described, illustrated and compared with the similar species Heterostemma succosum Kerr. Heterostemma cucphuongense differs from H. succosum by the morphology of the rachis of the inflorescence, the margins of the corolla lobes and the colour of the adaxial surface of the corolla.

Effectiveness of germinated brown rice on metabolic syndrome: A randomized control trial in Vietnam.

To treating Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in the human body by using cooked pre-germinated brown rice (PGBR), a randomized control trial was done in Vietnam. 80 subjects (65.1 ± 3.81 years old) separated into two groups in pairs were assigned a daily intake of 200 g PGBR, and the subjects in the placebo group were kept in normal living ways (consuming white rice). Before baseline and after 3 months of the intervention, anthropometric measurements, blood chemical examinations, a nutrition survey, and physical activity measurements were conducted. The main finding showed that the percentages of patients with MetS in the PGBR group were reduced significantly compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05). Serum HDL cholesterol concentrations were significantly increased from 1.11 (mmol/l) to 1.44 (mmol/l) compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05). The findings suggest that PGBR may affect HDL cholesterol, PGBR might be considered in reducing the risk of MetS in Vietnam.

The optimal mid-upper-arm circumference cutoffs to screen severe acute malnutrition in Vietnamese children.

Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) remains a main cause of mortality among children under five years old. Vietnam needs further study to establish the optimal mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) cutoff for improving the accuracy of the MUAC indicator in screening SAM children aged 6-59 months. A survey was conducted at all 16 subdistricts across four provinces in Northern Midlands and mountainous areas. The data of 4,764 children showed that an optimal MUAC cutoff of 13.5 cm would allow the inclusion of 65% of children with weight-for-height z-scores (WHZs) below -3SD. A combination of MUAC and WHZ may achieve a higher impact on therapeutic feeding programs for SAM children. The MUAC cutoff of 13.5 cm (65% sensitivity and 72% specificity) should be used as the cutoff for improving and/or preventing SAM status among children under 5 in the Midlands and mountainous areas in Vietnam.

Management of Antibiotic-Resistant Helicobacter pylori Infection: Perspectives from Vietnam.

Antibiotic resistance is the most important factor leading to the failure of eradication regimens. This review focuses on the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori primary and secondary resistance to clarithromycin, metronidazole, amoxicillin, levofloxacin, tetracycline, and multidrug in Vietnam. We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Vietnamese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Vietnamese Biomedical databases from January 2000 to December 2016. The search terms included the following: H. pylori infection, antibiotic (including clarithromycin, metronidazole, amoxicillin, levofloxacin, tetracycline, and multidrug) resistance in Vietnam. The data were summarized in an extraction table and analyzed manually. Finally, Excel 2007 software was used to create charts. Ten studies (three studies in English and seven in Vietnamese) were included in this review. A total of 308, 412, 523, 408, 399, and 268 H. pylori strains were included in this review to evaluate the prevalence of H. pylori primary resistance to amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, levofloxacin, tetracycline, and multidrug resistance, respectively. Overall, the primary resistance rates of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, levofloxacin, tetracycline, and multidrug resistance were 15.0%, 34.1%, 69.4%, 27.9%, 17.9% and 48.8%, respectively. Secondary resistance rates of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, levofloxacin, tetracycline, and multidrug resistance were 9.5%, 74.9%, 61.5%, 45.7%, 23.5% and 62.3%, respectively. In Vietnam, primary and secondary resistance to H. pylori is increasing over time and affects the effectiveness of H. pylori eradication.

Screening and Characterization of Novel Polyesterases from Environmental Metagenomes with High Hydrolytic Activity against Synthetic Polyesters.

The continuous growth of global plastics production, including polyesters, has resulted in increasing plastic pollution and subsequent negative environmental impacts. Therefore, enzyme-catalyzed depolymerization of synthetic polyesters as a plastics recycling approach has become a focus of research. In this study, we screened over 200 purified uncharacterized hydrolases from environmental metagenomes and sequenced microbial genomes and identified at least 10 proteins with high hydrolytic activity against synthetic polyesters. These include the metagenomic esterases MGS0156 and GEN0105, which hydrolyzed polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone, as well as bis(benzoyloxyethyl)-terephthalate. With solid PLA as a substrate, both enzymes produced a mixture of lactic acid monomers, dimers, and higher oligomers as products. The crystal structure of MGS0156 was determined at 1.95 Å resolution and revealed a modified α/ß hydrolase fold, with a lid domain and highly hydrophobic active site. Mutational studies of MGS0156 identified the residues critical for hydrolytic activity against both polyester and monoester substrates, with two-times higher polyesterase activity in the MGS0156 L169A mutant protein. Thus, our work identified novel, highly active polyesterases in environmental metagenomes and provided molecular insights into their activity, thereby augmenting our understanding of enzymatic polyester hydrolysis.

Clown knifefish (Chitala ornata) oxygen uptake and its partitioning in present and future temperature environments.

It has been argued that tropical ectotherms are more vulnerable to the projected temperature increases than their temperate relatives, because they already live closer to their upper temperature limit. Here we examine the effects of a temperature increase in environmental temperature to 6°C above the present day median temperature (27°C) in the freshwater air-breathing fish Chitala ornata, on aspects of its respiratory physiology in both normoxia and in hypoxia. We found no evidence of respiratory impairment with elevated temperature. The standard metabolic rate (SMR) and routine metabolic rate (RMR) in the two temperatures in normoxia and hypoxia increased with Q10 values between 2.3 and 2.9, while the specific dynamic action (SDA) and its coefficient increased from 7.8 to 14.7% in 27°C and 33°C, respectively. In addition, Chitala ornata exhibited significantly improved growth at the elevated temperature in both hypoxic and normoxic water. While projected temperature increases may negatively impact other essential aspects in this animal's environment, we see no evidence of a negative impact on this species itself.

Determinants and Prediction of Esterase Substrate Promiscuity Patterns.

Esterases receive special attention because of their wide distribution in biological systems and environments and their importance for physiology and chemical synthesis. The prediction of esterases' substrate promiscuity level from sequence data and the molecular reasons why certain such enzymes are more promiscuous than others remain to be elucidated. This limits the surveillance of the sequence space for esterases potentially leading to new versatile biocatalysts and new insights into their role in cellular function. Here, we performed an extensive analysis of the substrate spectra of 145 phylogenetically and environmentally diverse microbial esterases, when tested with 96 diverse esters. We determined the primary factors shaping their substrate range by analyzing substrate range patterns in combination with structural analysis and protein-ligand simulations. We found a structural parameter that helps rank (classify) the promiscuity level of esterases from sequence data at 94% accuracy. This parameter, the active site effective volume, exemplifies the topology of the catalytic environment by measuring the active site cavity volume corrected by the relative solvent accessible surface area (SASA) of the catalytic triad. Sequences encoding esterases with active site effective volumes (cavity volume/SASA) above a threshold show greater substrate spectra, which can be further extended in combination with phylogenetic data. This measure provides also a valuable tool for interrogating substrates capable of being converted. This measure, found to be transferred to phosphatases of the haloalkanoic acid dehalogenase superfamily and possibly other enzymatic systems, represents a powerful tool for low-cost bioprospecting for esterases with broad substrate ranges, in large scale sequence data sets.