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1.
East. Mediterr. health j ; 26(4): 453-460, 2020-04.
Artigo em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-361436

RESUMO

Background: Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax are prevalent in Pakistan. Data on the epidemiology of Plasmodium infec-tions in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province are lacking. Aims: This study aimed to: 1) determine the malaria prevalence in three districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province with endemic malaria (Bannu, Dera Ismail Khan and Lakki Marwat); 2) determine household ownership of long-lasing insecti-cidal bed nets in the districts; and 3) assess malaria services in health facilities in the districts, in order to provide baseline information for malaria control in these areas. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. In total, 31 041 individuals were selected for the malaria prevalence survey, 864 households for the insecticidal net ownership survey and 98 health facilities for malaria services. Rapid diag-nostic tests were used to test for malaria. Results: Overall, 4297 (13.8%) people tested positive for malaria. The prevalence of P. vivax, P. falciparum and mixed infec-tion was 92.4%, 4.7% and 2.9%, respectively. The prevalence of malaria infection differed significantly between districts (P < 0.05). Prevalence was higher in people over 14 years and in women for P. vivax and P. falciparum malaria (P < 0.05). Only 44.1% of households owned one or more insecticidal nets. The most common drugs used to treat malaria were primaquine (62.5% of cases) and chloroquine (36.1%).Conclusions: The prevalence of malaria infection was high in the three districts. Malaria services in the health facili-ties were weak. Household ownership of long-lasing insecticidal nets was low. Malaria control or elimination strategies should be strengthened in these districts.


Contexte : Le Plasmodium falciparum ainsi que le P. vivax sont prévalents au Pakistan. Il n’existe pas de données disponibles sur l’épidémiologie des infections à Plasmodium dans la province de Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Objectifs : La présente étude avait pour objectifs i) de déterminer la prévalence du paludisme dans trois districts de la province de Khyber Pakhtunkhwa touchés par le paludisme endémique (Bannu, Dera Ismail Khan et Lakki Marwat) ; ii) de déterminer la proportion de ménages disposant de moustiquaires impregnées d’insectiside à effet rémanent dans les districts ; et iii) d’évaluer les services de lutte antipaludique dans les établissements de santé de ces districts afin de fournir des informations de base permettant de lutter contre cette maladie dans ces zones.Méthodes : Une étude transversale a été menée. Au total, 31 041 individus ont été sélectionnés pour l’enquête sur la prévalence du paludisme, 864 ménages pour l’enquête sur la possession de moustiquaires et 98 établissements de santé pour les services de lutte antipaludique. Des tests diagnostiques rapides ont été utilisés pour le dépistage du paludisme. Résultats : Au total, 4297 personnes (13,8 %) ont été testées positives pour le paludisme. La prévalence de l’infection à P. vivax, à P. falciparum ou par les deux espèces était respectivement de 92,4 %, 4,7 % et 2,9 %. On a observé des différences importantes en ce qui concerne la prévalence de l’infection palustre entre les districts (p < 0,05). La prévalence de l’infection à P. vivax et à P. Falciparum était plus élevée chez les personnes de plus de 14 ans et chez les femmes (p < 0,05). Seulement 44,1 % des ménages possédaient une ou plusieurs moustiquaires imprégnées d’insecticide. Les médicaments antipaludiques les plus couramment utilisés étaient la primaquine (62,5 % des cas) et la chloroquine (36,1 %). Conclusions : La prévalence de l’infection palustre était élevée dans les trois districts endémiques du Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Les services de lutte antipaludique des établissements de santé étaient déficients. Le taux de possession par les ménages de moustiquaires imprégnées d’insecticide à effet rémanent était bas. Les stratégies de lutte antipaludique ou d’élimination de cette maladie doivent être renforcées dans ces districts.


Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis , Malária , Malária Falciparum , Malária Vivax , Inseticidas , Paquistão , Região do Mediterrâneo
2.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-779458

RESUMO

Wu Lien Teh (1879-1960), a world-renowned health and epidemic prevention expert, was a pioneer in public health and medical education in China. With his scientific ideas and methods, he extinguished the plague epidemic in northeast China which shocked the world at the beginning of the 20th century. He proposed and enriched the theory of pneumonic plague, and his work marked a milestone in the world’s plague prevention and treatment. He established a scientific health and epidemic prevention system in China, promoted the reform of medical education, established modern medical institutes and hospitals, founded the Chinese Medical Association, helped reclaim the right of port quarantine, strengthened the anti-opium campaign, and promoted cultural exchanges between Chinese and western medicine. He was knowledgeable and far-sighted, and committed to the practice and research of infectious disease prevention and treatment, promoting the development of China’s public health, which has a far-reaching impact on China and the world.

3.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-778701

RESUMO

Web technologies, such as search engines and social media, have provided an opportunity for the management of user generated data in real time. Through the analysis of these web-based data, people can understand the health issues of concern, which can be used for the prediction of the epidemic of infectious diseases and the monitoring of chronic non-communicable diseases. The emergence of Infodemiology, also known as Information Epidemiology, aims to study the occurrence, distribution and influencing factors of health information from electronic medium, so as to raise awareness of disease and health problems among people, and provide the basis for the formulation of disease prevention and control strategies. This review summarizes the research progress in Infodemiology.

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