Concordance of informant and self-reported ratings on the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale in adult survivors of pediatric brain tumor.

OBJECTIVE: It has been theorized that pediatric brain tumor survivors may have reduced insight into their executive functioning. Agreement between informants and survivors has been used to probe this theory, but findings have been inconsistent. This study sought to expand on prior work by examining the relationship between participant role and ratings on the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe) among 73 adult survivors and their informants. This study also sought to test whether agreement on scores varied as a function of tumor treatment. METHOD: Dyadic mixed effects models examined the relationship between participant ratings on FrSBe subscales and the role of a participant (survivor or informant). Intraclass correlations (ICC) were used to calculate reliable change indices to evaluate significant divergence in self and informant agreement. RESULTS: Dyadic mixed effects models showed an insignificant relationship between participant role and ratings on the FrSBe apathy and executive dysfunction subscales. Participant role was related to ratings on the disinhibition subscale of the FrSBe. The ICC for apathy was ICC = .583, for disinhibition ICC = .420, and for executive dysfunction ICC = .373. Significant divergence in scores did not vary by history of chemoradiation. CONCLUSIONS: Results demonstrate an effect of role on one FrSBe subscale and weak to moderate agreement between survivor and informant scores, which suggests that agreement between informants and survivors varies by FrSBe domain. The strongest relationship between survivors and informants was seen on apathy, which suggests that apathy is a shared concern for survivors and their families.

White matter predictors of PTSD: Testing different machine learning models in a sample of Black American women.

BACKGROUND: Machine learning neuroimaging studies of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) show promise for identifying neurobiological signatures of PTSD. However, studies to date, have largely evaluated a single machine learning approach, and few studies have examined white matter microstructure as a predictor of PTSD. Further, individuals from minoritized racial groups, specifically, Black individuals, who experience disproportionate trauma frequency, and have relatively higher rates of PTSD, have been underrepresented in these studies. We used four different machine learning models to test white matter microstructure classifiers of PTSD in a sample of trauma-exposed Black American women with and without PTSD. METHOD: Participants included 45 Black women with PTSD and 89 trauma-exposed controls recruited from an ongoing trauma study. Current PTSD presence was estimated using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. Average fractional anisotropy of 53 white matter tracts served as input features. Additional exploratory analysis incorporated estimates of interpersonal and structural racism exposure. Classification models included linear support vector machine, radial basis function support vector machine, multilayer perceptron, and random forest. RESULTS: Performance varied notably between models. With white matter features along, linear support vector machine demonstrated the best model fit and reached an average AUC = 0.643. Inclusion of estimates of exposure to racism increased linear support vector machine performance (AUC = 0.808). CONCLUSIONS: White matter microstructure had limited ability to predict PTSD presence in this sample. These results may indicate that the relationship between white matter microstructure and PTSD may be nuanced across race and gender spectrums.

White matter hyperintensities relate to executive dysfunction, apathy, but not disinhibition in long-term adult survivors of pediatric cerebellar tumor.

White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) have been related to executive dysfunction, apathy and disinhibition in a wide range of neurological populations. However, this relationship has not been examined in survivors of pediatric brain tumor. The goal of this study was to investigate how executive dysfunction, apathy, and disinhibition relate to WMHs in 31 long-term survivors of pediatric cerebellar brain tumor and 58 controls, using informant-report data from the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale. Total WMH volume was quantified using the Lesion Growth Algorithm. Further, periventricular, and subcortical volumes were identified based on proximity to custom ventricle masks generated in FSL. A ratio of WMH volume to whole brain volume was used to obtain normalized WMH volumes. Additionally, a multivariate regression analysis was performed. On average, informant-report scores were within normal limits and only executive dysfunction was significantly higher in survivors compared to controls (t(47.9) = -2.4, p=.023). Informants reported clinically significant levels of apathy in 32.3% of survivors. Informants also reported clinically significant executive dysfunction in 19.4 % of survivors and clinically significant disinhibition in, again, 19.4 % of survivors. Increased volume of WMHs was positively correlated with executive dysfunction (r = 0.33, p = 0.02) and apathy (r = 0.23, p = .04). Similarly, multivariate regression demonstrated correlations with executive dysfunction (p=.05, FDR corrected) and apathy (p=.05, FDR corrected). Exploratory analysis demonstrated an interaction wherein the relationship between total WMHs and executive dysfunction and apathy depends on whether the participant was a survivor. The current findings indicate that increased WMH volumes are associated with higher ratings of apathy and executive dysfunction, and that these results are likely unique to cerebellar brain tumor survivors. WMH burden may serve as a useful marker to identify survivors at risk of executive dysfunction or increased apathy.