RESUMO
The transition movement of the 1980s was preceded by two similar movements: (a) the career education movement in the 1970s and (b) the work/study movement in the 1960s. These three movements are described and compared to provide an historical context for understanding current problems and issues regarding transition. Some broad social issues, such as educational reform, are then examined to illustrate the potential influence of such issues on the future developments of policy that will affect the transition movement.
Assuntos
Educação de Pessoa com Deficiência Intelectual/história , Deficiência Intelectual/história , Inclusão Escolar/história , Reabilitação Vocacional/história , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , História do Século XX , Humanos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Most measures of adaptive behavior are derived from rating scales. There are only a few instruments that approach the measurement of adaptive behavior through direct testing. In the present study we examined the relative efficacy of rating and testing approaches for predicting criterion behavior. Three tests from the Social and Prevocational Information Battery were selected as a foundation for the development of analogous behavior-rating and applied-performance instruments. All three types of instruments were administered to the same subjects, mildly retarded adolescents, in order to estimate the validity of testing and rating approaches. Although both approaches were found to be valid, the testing approach appeared to be substantially superior. Implications of this finding were discussed briefly.
Assuntos
Adaptação Psicológica , Educação de Pessoa com Deficiência Intelectual/normas , Avaliação Educacional/métodos , Humanos , Deficiência Intelectual/psicologia , PsicometriaRESUMO
There were two purposes of this study. The primary goal was to examine the employment success of both graduates and early terminators from high school work/study programs for educable retarded young adults (16--21 years old). A second goal was to study the employment levels of these same mentally retarded persons. Data sources included the vocational placement results of students who terminated from work/study programs in 14 Oregon school districts, along with analogous information about work/study terminators from 43 Federally funded work/study projects conducted in the United States between 1955 and 1972. Both the Oregon and the Federal program participants demonstrated that mentally retarded persons who finished their work/study programs had substantially higher employment levels than did similar retarded persons not completing or only partially served by their programs. Also, work/study program completors had comparable employment levels with same age non-white adults in the general population.
Assuntos
Educação de Pessoa com Deficiência Intelectual , Emprego , Reabilitação Vocacional/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Estados UnidosRESUMO
The Social and Prevocational Information Battery, a series of knowledge tests developed for use with mildly retarded adolescents, was revised to facilitate assessment of moderately retarded persons knowledge in social and prevocational areas. In addition, the relationship between knowledge and applied performance in these domains was examined. Results indicated that the revised battery demonstrated adequate test and item difficulty and internal-consistency reliability and that mildly and moderately retarded persons' knowledge was substantially related to applied performance in these skill domains.
Assuntos
Conscientização , Cognição , Deficiência Intelectual/reabilitação , Comportamento Social , Atividades Cotidianas , Humanos , Inteligência , PsicometriaRESUMO
The reliability and validity of the Social and Prevocational Information Battery (SPIB) for EMR individuals was evaluated with samples other than those on whom the battery was developed. Results substantiated initially reported reliability and validity indices and provided encouraging evidence for the general appropriateness of the SPIB for use with mildly retarded adolescents and young adults.
Assuntos
Testes de Aptidão , Deficiência Intelectual/diagnóstico , Ajustamento Social , Adolescente , Adulto , Educação de Pessoa com Deficiência Intelectual , Humanos , Psicometria , Reabilitação VocacionalRESUMO
The social and Prevocational Information Battery contains nine subtests measuring social and prevocational awareness. It was developed and normed on secondary EMR pupils in Oregon. The battery is easy to administer, orally presented to eliminate reading ability as a determinant of performance, and relatively simple to score and interpret. Information concerning the standard error measurement and predictive validity inidicates that this battery may be used for pupil screeening, monitoring pupil progress, or for program evaluation.