RESUMO
Aim: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to investigate posterior tibial nerve electrical stimulation application methods in patients with chronic constipation. Background: Posterior tibial nerve electrical stimulation is a management procedure for chronic constipation. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted on Ovid, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library based on the PICO formation of the study. All randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies in which patients with chronic constipation were treated with transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) or percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) were included in this study. Two independent reviewers screened all titles, abstracts, and full texts. The selected studies' quality was assessed critically using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. The data synthesis was conducted using Review Manager Software. Results: Out of 1016 records, 11 studies were included in this study. The results showed that TTNS was effective in improving constipation symptoms (SMD: -1.52, CI 95%: -2.81 to -0.22, p< 0.0001) and reducing defecation time of patients with chronic constipation (SMD: -0.86, CI 95%: -1.60 to -0.13, p= 0.17). Additionally, PTNS was found to improve the quality of life of these patients (SMD: -1.32, CI 95%: -2.05 to -0.59, p< 0.00001). Conclusion: Both TTNS and PTNS can be effective interventions for chronic constipation. To suggest a definitive and standard treatment plan, further research is needed to determine optimal parameters for TTNS and PTNS applications.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common disorder in women that can affect a person's quality of life. There are several instruments to assess the severity of urinary incontinence. One of the common tools is the Protection, Amount, Frequency, Adjustment, Body image (PRAFAB) questionnaire. Therefore, this study was performed with the aim of assessing the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the PRAFAB questionnaire. METHODS: First, the English version of the questionnaire was translated into Persian. Second, the psychometric properties of the Persian version were collected in 60 women with urinary incontinence referred to Al-Zahra Hospital by an expert team. Content validity (CV) was evaluated through CV index (CVI) and CV ratio (CVR). Construct validity was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis and reproducibility was tested based on test-retest reliability using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's α. RESULTS: The results showed acceptable CVI in relevancy, clarity, and simplicity, acceptable CVR for all items, good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.738) and excellent repeatability (ICC = 0.98). CONCLUSION: The Persian version of the PRAFAB questionnaire has acceptable validity and reliability and in future it can be used as a suitable evaluation instrument to assess urinary incontinence in Iranian women.