Well-being and cultural identity for Maori: Knowledge of iwi (tribal) affiliations does not strongly relate to health and social service outcomes.

Research indicates that experiences in health and social services vary depending on identity. For Indigenous groups, identity and affiliation is complex. This paper explores ethnicity and knowledge of tribal (iwi) affiliations for Maori (the Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand), and links this to health and social service outcomes in administrative data, the national Census, and Maori social survey data. While many initiatives have sought to connect Maori to iwi - where such knowledge has been severed by colonization - we find surprisingly few differences in data between those who named tribal affiliations and those who did not, across sole- and mixed-Maori ethnicity groups. Those who did not name an iwi were less likely to live in overcrowded homes, but were less likely to own that home, and more likely to be a smoker. Unsurprisingly, those who did not name tribal affiliations were less likely to find Maori culture as important, although many still did. These groups also had slightly less contact with social networks and support, plus felt lonelier. The results also point to sole-ethnic identification as Maori as a key marker of experiences of inequity and suggest that connections to tribal affiliations are more complicated than a binary of "connected" or "disconnected". However, in some indicator areas, affiliation differences should be followed up with future work. We argue these results give further weight to the need for good quality data and indicators designed with Maori populations in mind to measure and monitor inequity.

Ingroup Love or Outgroup Hate (or Both)? Mapping Distinct Bias Profiles in the Population.

Researchers have long argued that ingroup favoritism and outgroup derogation are separable phenomena that occur in different, meaningful combinations. Statistical methods for testing this thesis, however, have been underutilized. We address this oversight by using latent profile analysis (LPA) to investigate distinct profiles of group bias derived from ingroup and outgroup warmth ratings. Using a national probability sample of Maori (the indigenous people of New Zealand; N = 2,289) and Europeans (N = 13,647), we identify a distinct profile reflecting ingroup favoritism/outgroup derogation (Type III in Brewer's typology of ingroup bias) in both groups (6.7% of Maori, 10.3% of Europeans). The factors associated with this type, however, differed between groups. Whereas ethnic identity centrality predicted membership for Type III for Maori, social dominance orientation predicted this type for Europeans. Thus, although both groups may express the same kind of bias pattern, the motivation underlying this bias varies by status.