A photothermal assisted zinc-air battery cathode based on pyroelectric and photocatalytic effect.

Zinc-air battery as one of the new generations of battery system, its theoretical specific energy is as high as 1086 Wh kg-1, specific capacity up to 820 mAh/g, and zinc has the advantages of environmental friendliness, resource abundance, low cost and good safety, so it has attracted much attention. However, due to its slow reaction kinetic process, zinc-air battery will produce a large charging overpotential usually up to 2 V, it is far beyond the theoretical voltage of 1.65 V, so reducing the overpotential of zinc-air batteries is extremely necessary, and the most common way to solve this problem is to use excellent catalyst cathode to improve the oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution kinetics of zinc-air batteries. So we developed a new photothermal assisted zinc-air battery system with Hollow carbon nanosphere@poly (vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene)@CdS(HCN@PVTC@CdS) photocathode, the pyroelectric and photocatalysis effect can effectively promote the reaction kinetics and reduce the reaction overpotential. With the pyroelectric and photocatalysis synergistic effect, the zinc-air has displayed a high discharge potential of 1.33 V and a low charging potential of 1.5 V with good cycle stability. This multi-assist technology with built-in electric and light fields paves the way for the development of high-performance zinc-air batteries and other energy storage systems.

A Cu/MnOx Composite with Copper-Doping-Induced Oxygen Vacancies as a Cathode for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are anticipated to be the next generation of important energy storage devices to replace lithium-ion batteries due to the ongoing use of lithium resources and the safety hazards associated with organic electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries. Manganese-based compounds, including MnOx materials, have prominent places among the many zinc-ion battery cathode materials. Additionally, Cu doping can cause the creation of an oxygen vacancy, which increases the material's internal electric field and enhances cycle stability. MnOx also has great cyclic stability and promotes ion transport. At a current density of 0.2 A g-1, the Cu/MnOx nanocomposite obtained a high specific capacitance of 304.4 mAh g-1. In addition, Cu/MnOx nanocomposites showed A high specific capacity of 198.9 mAh g-1 after 1000 cycles at a current density of 0.5 A g-1. Therefore, Cu/MnOx nanocomposites are expected to be a strong contender for the next generation of zinc-ion battery cathode materials in high energy density storage systems.

High-Voltage Na0.76Ni0.25-x/2Mgx/2Mn0.75O2-xFx Cathode Improved by One-Step In Situ MgF2 Doping with Superior Low-Temperature Performance and Extra-Stable Air Stability.

P2-NaxMnO2 has garnered significant attention due to its favorable Na+ conductivity and structural stability for large-scale energy storage fields. However, achieving a balance between high energy density and extended cycling stability remains a challenge due to the Jahn-Teller distortion of Mn3+ and anionic activity above 4.1 V. Herein, we propose a one-step in situ MgF2 strategy to synthesize a P2-Na0.76Ni0.225Mg0.025Mn0.75O1.95F0.05 cathode with improved Na-storage performance and decent water/air stability. By partially substituting cost-effective Mg for Ni and incorporating extra F for O, the optimized material demonstrates both enhanced capacity and structure stability via promoting Ni2+/Ni4+ and oxygen redox activity. It delivers a high capacity of 132.9 mA h g-1 with an elevated working potential of ≈3.48 V and maintains ≈83.0% capacity retention after 150 cycles at 100 mA g-1 within 2-4.3 V, compared to the 114.9 mA h g-1 capacity and 3.32 V discharging potential of the undoped Na0.76Ni0.25Mn0.75O2. While increasing the charging voltage to 4.5 V, 133.1 mA h g-1 capacity and 3.55 V discharging potential (vs Na/Na+) were achieved with 72.8% capacity retention after 100 cycles, far beyond that of the pristine sample (123.7 mA h g-1, 3.45 V, and 43.8%@100 cycles). Moreover, exceptional low-temperature cycling stability is achieved, with 95.0% after 150 cycles. Finally, the Na-storage mechanism of samples employing various doping strategies was investigated using in situ EIS, in situ XRD, and ex situ XPS techniques.

How and when is academic stress associated with mobile phone addiction? The roles of psychological distress, peer alienation and rumination.

BACKGROUND: Mobile phone addiction has a high detection rate among adolescents and is thought to be related to academic stress. However, the underlying mechanisms in this relation were still unclear. The present study tested the mediating role of psychological distress and the moderating roles of peer alienation and rumination in the relationship between academic stress and mobile phone addiction. METHODS: A total of 742 middle school students were recruited to complete measures of academic stress, psychological distress, mobile phone addiction, peer alienation, rumination, and demographic variables. Regression-based statistical mediation and moderation were conducted using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. RESULTS: The results indicated that academic stress was significantly and positively associated with mobile phone addiction, and this link could be mediated by psychological distress. Moreover, this indirect effect was moderated by both peer alienation and rumination. Specifically, the mediating effect of psychological distress was stronger for adolescents with higher levels of peer alienation or adolescents with higher levels of rumination, as well as those with both higher levels of peer alienation and rumination. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study enrich our understanding of how and for whom academic stress is correlated with mobile phone addiction. Education experts and parents should pay special attention to adolescents suffering from academic stress, especially those with higher peer alienation and rumination, and help them get rid of mobile phone addiction.

Electrically Conductive Polymers for Additive Manufacturing.

The use of electrically conductive polymers (CPs) in the development of electronic devices has attracted significant interest due to their unique intrinsic properties, which result from the synergistic combination of physicochemical properties in conventional polymers with the electronic properties of metals or semiconductors. Most conventional methods adopted for the fabrication of devices with nonplanar morphologies are still challenged by the poor ionic/electronic mobility of end products. Additive manufacturing (AM) brings about exciting prospects to the realm of CPs by enabling greater design freedom, more elaborate structures, quicker prototyping, relatively low cost, and more environmentally friendly electronic device creation. A growing variety of AM technologies are becoming available for three-dimensional (3D) printing of conductive devices, i.e., vat photopolymerization (VP), material extrusion (ME), powder bed fusion (PBF), material jetting (MJ), and lamination object manufacturing (LOM). In this review, we provide an overview of the recent research progress in the area of CPs developed for AM, which advances the design and development of future electronic devices. We consider different AM techniques, vis-à-vis, their development progress and respective challenges in printing CPs. We also discuss the material requirements and notable advances in 3D printing of CPs, as well as their potential electronic applications including wearable electronics, sensors, energy storage and conversion devices, etc. This review concludes with an outlook on AM of CPs.

Advances in herbal polysaccharides-based nano-drug delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy.

The boom in cancer immunotherapy has provided many patients with a better chance of survival, but opportunities often come with challenges. Single immunotherapy is not good enough to eradicate tumours, and often fails to achieve the desired therapeutic effect because of the low targeting of immunotherapy drugs, and causes more side effects. As a solution to this problem, researchers have developed several nano Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS) to deliver immunotherapeutic agents to achieve good therapeutic outcomes. However, traditional drug delivery systems (DDS) have disadvantages such as poor bioavailability, high cytotoxicity, and difficulty in synthesis, etc. Herbal Polysaccharides (HPS), derived from natural Chinese herbs, inherently possess low toxicity. Furthermore, the biocompatibility, biodegradability, hydrophilicity, ease of modification, and immunomodulatory activities of HPS offer unique advantages in substituting traditional DDS. This review initially addresses the current developments and challenges in immunotherapy. Subsequently, it focuses on the immunomodulatory mechanisms of HPS and their design as nanomedicines for targeted drug delivery in tumour immunotherapy. Our findings reveal that HPS-based nanomedicines exhibit significant potential in enhancing the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, providing crucial theoretical foundations and practical guidelines for future clinical applications.

An oncogene regulating chromatin favors response to immunotherapy: Oncogene CHAF1A and immunotherapy outcomes.

Many biological processes related to cell function and fate begin with chromatin alterations, and many factors associated with the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are actually downstream events of chromatin alterations, such as genome changes, neoantigen production, and immune checkpoint expression. However, the influence of genes as chromatin regulators on the efficacy of ICIs remains elusive, especially in gastric cancer (GC). In this study, thirty out of 1593 genes regulating chromatin associated with a favorable prognosis were selected for GC. CHAF1A, a well-defined oncogene, was identified as the highest linkage hub gene. High CHAF1A expression were associated with microsatellite instability (MSI), high tumor mutation burden (TMB), high tumor neoantigen burden (TNB), high expressions of PD-L1 and immune effector genes, and live infiltration of immune cells. High CHAF1A expression indicated a favorable response and prognosis in immunotherapy of several cohorts, which was independent of MSI, TMB, TNB, PD-L1 expression, immune phenotype and transcriptome scoring, and improved patient selection based on these classic biomarkers. In vivo, CHAF1A knockdown alone inhibited tumor growth but it impaired the effect of an anti-PD-1 antibody by increasing the relative tumor proliferation rate and decreasing the survival benefit, potentially through the activation of TGF-ß signaling. In conclusion, CHAF1A may be a novel biomarker for improving patient selection in immunotherapy.

A novel biomarker associated with EBV infection improves response prediction of immunotherapy in gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: Novel biomarkers are required in gastric cancer (GC) treated by immunotherapy. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection induces an immune-active tumor microenvironment, while its association with immunotherapy response is still controversial. Genes underlying EBV infection may determine the response heterogeneity of EBV + GC. Thus, we screened hub genes associated with EBV infection to predict the response to immunotherapy in GC. METHODS: Prognostic hub genes associated with EBV infection were screened using multi-omic data of GC. EBV + GC cells were established and confirmed by EBV-encoded small RNA in situ hybridization (EBER-ISH). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of the hub genes was conducted in GC samples with EBER-ISH assay. Infiltrating immune cells were stained using immunofluorescence. RESULTS: CHAF1A was identified as a hub gene in EBV + GC, and its expression was an independent predictor of overall survival (OS). EBV infection up-regulated CHAF1A expression which also predicted EBV infection well. CHAF1A expression also predicted microsatellite instability (MSI) and a high tumor mutation burden (TMB). The combined score (CS) of CHAF1A expression with MSI or TMB further improved prognostic stratification. CHAF1A IHC score positively correlated with the infiltration of NK cells and macrophages M1. CHAF1A expression alone could predict the immunotherapy response, but its CS with EBV infection, MSI, TMB, or PD-L1 expression showed better effects and improved response stratification based on current biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS: CHAF1A could be a novel biomarker for immunotherapy of GC, with the potential to improve the efficacy of existing biomarkers.

[BLOC1S1 promotes proliferation of goat spermatogonial stem cells].

With the rapid development of gene editing technology, the study of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) holds great significance in understanding spermatogenesis and its regulatory mechanism, developing transgenic animals, gene therapy, infertility treatment and protecting rare species. Biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 subunit 1 (BLOC1S1) is believed to have anti-brucella potential. Exploring the impack of BLOC1S1 on goat SSCs not only helps investigate the ability of BLOC1S1 to promote SSCs proliferation, but also provides a cytological basis for disease-resistant breeding research. In this study, a BLOC1S1 overexpression vector was constructed by homologous recombination. The BLOC1S1 overexpression cell line of goat spermatogonial stem cells was successfully constructed by lentivirus packaging, transfection and puromycin screening. The overexpression efficiency of BLOC1S1 was found to be 18 times higher using real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, the results from cell growth curve analysis, flow cytometry for cell cycle detection, and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining showed that BLOC1S1 significantly increased the proliferation activity of goat SSCs. The results of RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting analyses revealed up-regulation of proliferation-related genes (PCNA, CDK2, CCND1), and EIF2S3Y, a key gene regulating the proliferation of spermatogonial stem cells. These findings strongly suggest that the proliferative ability of goat SSCs can be enhanced through the EIF2S3Y/ERK pathway. In summary, this study successfully created a goat spermatogonial stem cell BLOC1S1 overexpression cell line, which exhibited improved proliferation ability. This research laid the groundwork for exploring the regulatory role of BLOC1S1 in goat spermatogonia and provided a cell platform for further study into the biological function of BLOC1S1. These findings also establish a foundation for breeding BLOC1S1 overexpressing goats.

Association of genes in hereditary metabolic diseases with diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment outcomes in gastric cancer.

Background: Aberrant metabolism is a major hallmark of cancers and hereditary diseases. Genes associated with inborn metabolic errors may also play roles in cancer development. This study evaluated the overall impact of these genes on gastric cancer (GC). Methods: In total, 162 genes involved in 203 hereditary metabolic diseases were identified in the Human Phenotype Ontology database. Clinical and multi-omic data were acquired from the GC cohort of the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University and other published cohorts. A 4-gene and 32-gene signature was established for diagnosis and prognosis or therapeutic prediction, respectively, and corresponding abnormal metabolism scores (AMscores) were calculated. Results: The diagnostic AMscore showed high sensitivity (0.88-1.00) and specificity (0.89-1.00) to distinguish between GC and paired normal tissues, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) ranging from 0.911 to 1.000 in four GC cohorts. The prognostic or predictive AMscore was an independent predictor of overall survival (OS) in five GC cohorts and a predictor of the OS and disease-free survival benefit of postoperative chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy in one GC cohort with such data. The AMscore adversely impacts immune biomarkers, including tumor mutation burden, tumor neoantigen burden, microsatellite instability, programmed death-ligand 1 protein expression, tumor microenvironment score, T cell receptor clonality, and immune cell infiltration detected by multiplex immunofluorescence staining. The AUC of the AMscore for predicting immunotherapy response ranging from 0.780 to 0.964 in four cohorts involving GC, urothelial cancer, melanoma, and lung cancer. The objective response rates in the low and high AMscore subgroups were 78.6% and 3.2%, 40.4% and 7%, 52.6% and 0%, and 72.7% and 0%, respectively (all p<0.001). In cohorts with survival data, a high AMscore was hazardous for OS or progression-free survival, with hazard ratios ranged from 5.79 to 108.59 (all p<0.001). Importantly, the AMscore significantly improved the prediction of current immune biomarkers for both response and survival, thus redefining the advantaged and disadvantaged immunotherapy populations. Conclusions: Signatures based on genes associated with hereditary metabolic diseases and their corresponding scores could be used to guide the diagnosis and treatment of GC. Therefore, further validation is required.

Isolation, characterization and genomic analysis of the novel Arthrobacter sp. phage SWEP2.

A new virulent phage, SWEP2, infecting the Arthrobacter sp. 5B strain, was isolated from black soil samples in northeastern China. SWEP2 has a latent period of 80 min and a burst size of 45 PFU (evaluated at an MOI of 0.1). Genomic analysis revealed that the 43,398-bp dsDNA genome of phage SWEP2 contains 64 open reading frames (ORFs) and one tRNA gene. Phylogenetic analysis indicated a close relationship between SWEP2 and Arthrobacter phage Liebe, with 82.98% identity and a query coverage of 48%. Based on its distinct phenotypic and genetic characteristics, SWEP2 is identified as a novel Arthrobacter phage.

Synchronization stability and multi-timescale analysis of renewable-dominated power systems.

Synchronization is one of the key issues in three-phase AC power systems. Its characteristics have been dramatically changed with the large-scale integration of power-electronic-based renewable energy, mainly including a permanent magnetic synchronous generator (PMSG) and a double-fed induction generator (DFIG) for wind energy and a photovoltaic (PV) generator for solar energy. In this paper, we review recent progresses on the synchronization stability and multi-timescale properties of the renewable-dominated power system (RDPS), from nodes and network perspectives. All PMSG, DFIG, and PV are studied. In the traditional synchronous generator (SG) dominated power system, its dynamics can be described by the differential-algebraic equations (DAEs), where the dynamic apparatuses are modeled by differential equations and the stationary networks are described by algebraic equations. Unlike the single electromechanical timescale and DAE description for the SG-dominated power system, the RDPS dynamics should be described by the multiscale dynamics of both nodes and networks. For three different timescales, including the AC current control, DC voltage control, and rotor electromechanical timescales, their corresponding models are well established. In addition, for the multiscale network dynamics, the dynamical network within the AC current control timescale, which should be described by differential equations, can also be simplified as algebraic equations. Thus, the RDPS dynamics can be put into a similar DAE diagram for each timescale to the traditional power system dynamics, with which most of power electrical engineers are familiar. It is also found that the phase-locked loop for synchronization plays a crucial role in the whole system dynamics. The differences in the synchronization and multiscale characteristics between the traditional power system and the RDPS are well uncovered and summarized. Therefore, the merit of this paper is to establish a basic physical picture for the stability mechanism in the RDPS, which still lacks systematic studies and is controversial in the field of electrical power engineering.

Eif2s3y alleviated LPS-induced damage to mouse testis and maintained spermatogenesis by negatively regulating Adamts5.

Eif2s3y (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2, subunit 3, structural gene Y-linked, Eif2s3y) is an essential gene for spermatogenesis. Early studies have shown that Eif2s3y can promote the proliferation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and can replace the Y chromosome together with sex-determining region Y (Sry) to transform SSCs into round spermatozoa. We injected lentiviral particles into the seminiferous tubules of mouse testes by sterile surgery surgically to establish overexpressing Eif2s3y testes. And then the mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS to established the model of testis inflammation. Through RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR analysis, Western blot, co-culture etc., we found that Eif2s3y alleviated LPS-induced damage in mouse testes and maintained spermatogenesis. In testes with Eif2s3y overexpression, the seminiferous tubules were more regularly organized after exposure to LPS compared with the control. Eif2s3y performs its function by negatively regulating Adamts5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase containing a thrombospondin-1 motif), an extracellular matrix-degrading enzyme. ADAMTS5 shows a disruptive effect when the testis is exposed to LPS. Overexpression of Eif2s3y inhibited the TLR4/NFκB signaling pathway in the testis in response to LPS. Generally, our research shows that Eif2s3y protects the testis from LPS and maintains spermatogenesis by negatively regulating Adamts5.

Isolation, Purification, and Structural Characterization of Polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula and Their Anti-Tumor Bioactivity by Immunomodulation.

The activity of polysaccharides is usually related to molecular weight. The molecular weight of polysaccharides is critical to their immunological effect in cancer therapy. Herein, the Codonopsis polysaccharides of different molecular weights were isolated using ultrafiltration membranes of 60- and 100-wDa molecular weight cut-off to determine the relationship between molecular weight and antitumor activities. First, three water-soluble polysaccharides CPPS-I (<60 wDa), CPPS-II (60-100 wDa), and CPPS-III (>100 wDa) from Codonopsis were isolated and purified using a combination of macroporous adsorption resin chromatography and ultrafiltration. Their structural characteristics were determined through chemical derivatization, GPC, HPLC, FT-IR, and NMR techniques. In vitro experiments indicated that all Codonopsis polysaccharides exhibited significant antitumor activities, with the tumor inhibition rate in the following order: CPPS-II > CPPS-I > CPPS-III. The treatment of CPPS-II exhibited the highest inhibition rate at a high concentration among all groups, which was almost as efficient as that of the DOX·HCL (10 µg/mL) group at 125 µg/mL concentration. Notably, CPPS-II demonstrated the ability to enhance NO secretion and the antitumor ability of macrophages relative to the other two groups of polysaccharides. Finally, in vivo experiments revealed that CPPS-II increased the M1/M2 ratio in immune system regulation and that the tumor inhibition effect of CPPS-II + DOX was superior to that of DOX monotherapy, implying that CPPS-II + DOX played a synergistic role in regulating the immune system function and the direct tumor-killing ability of DOX. Therefore, CPPS-II is expected to be applied as an effective cancer treatment or adjuvant therapy.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Pretreated with Collagen Promote Skin Wound-Healing.

The existing treatment modalities for skin injuries mainly include dressings, negative-pressure wound treatment, autologous skin grafting, and high-pressure wound treatment. All of these therapies have limitations such as high time cost, the inability to remove inactivated tissue in a timely manner, surgical debridement, and oxygen toxicity. Mesenchymal stem cells have a unique self-renewal ability and wide differentiation potential, and they are one of the most promising stem cell types in cell therapy and have great application prospects in the field of regenerative medicine. Collagen exerts structural roles by promoting the molecular structure, shape, and mechanical properties of cells, and adding it to cell cultures can also promote cell proliferation and shorten the cell doubling time. The effects of collagen on MSCs were examined using Giemsa staining, EdU staining, and growth curves. Mice were subjected to allogeneic experiments and autologous experiments to reduce individual differences; all animals were separated into four groups. Neonatal skin sections were detected by HE staining, Masson staining, immunohistochemical staining, and immunofluorescence staining. We found that the MSCs pretreated with collagen accelerated the healing of skin wounds in mice and canines by promoting epidermal layer repair, collagen deposition, hair follicle angiogenesis, and an inflammatory response. Collagen promotes the secretion of the chemokines and growth factors associated with skin healing by MSCs, which positively influences skin healing. This study supports the treatment of skin injuries with MSCs cultured in medium with collagen added.

Role of Doping Effect and Chemical Pressure Effect Introduced by Alkali Metal Substitution on 1144 Iron-Based Superconductors.

CaAFe4As4 with A = K, Rb, and Cs are close to the doped 122 system, and the parent material can reach a superconducting transition temperature of 31-36 K without doping. To study the role of alkali metals, we investigated the induced hole doping and chemical pressure effects as a result of the introduction of alkali metals using density-functional-based methods. These two effects can affect the superconducting transition temperature by changing the number of electrons and the structure of the FeAs conductive layer, respectively. Our study shows that the dxz and dyz orbitals, which are degenerate in CaFe2As2, become nondegenerate in CaAFe4As4 due to two nonequivalent arsenic atoms (As1 and As2). The unusual oblate ellipsoid hole pocket at Γ point in CaAFe4As4 results from a divalent cation Ca2+ replaced by a monovalent cation A+. It shows one of the main differences in fermiology compared to a particular form of CaFe2As2 with reduced 1144 symmetry, due to the enhancement of As2-Fe hybridization. The unusual band appears in CaFe2As2 (1144) and gradually disappears in the change of K to Cs. Further analysis shows that this band is contributed by As1 and has strong dispersion perpendicular to the FeAs layer, suggesting that it is related to the peculiar van Hove singularity below the Fermi level. In addition, various aspects of CaFe2As2 (1144) and CaAFe4As4 in the ground state are discussed in terms of the influence of hole doping and chemical pressure.

The relationship between loneliness and mobile phone addiction among Chinese college students: The mediating role of anthropomorphism and moderating role of family support.

BACKGROUND: Loneliness and mobile phone addiction are common phenomena in our daily life that can lead to physical and psychological maladaptation. Although loneliness has been considered to be correlated with adolescents' mobile phone addiction, the underlying mechanisms of the relation between loneliness and mobile phone addiction are still unclear. In order to address the problem of mobile phone addiction among adolescents, the association of loneliness with mobile phone addiction was explored from the perspective of Compensatory Internet Use Theory. The mediating role of anthropomorphism and the moderating role of family support were examined. METHODS: Data were collected through convenience sampling from a comprehensive university in China. A total of 582 Chinese college students (279 men and 303 women), aged from 17 to 24 (Mage = 20.22 years, SD = 1.46), participated in this study. Their loneliness, anthropomorphism, family support and mobile phone addiction were measured using well-validated self-report questionnaires. Regression-based statistical mediation and moderation were conducted using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. RESULTS: Loneliness was significantly and positively associated with mobile phone addiction, and this link could be mediated by anthropomorphism. Moreover, the direct effect of loneliness on mobile phone addiction and the indirect effect of anthropomorphism in this link were moderated by family support. Both these two effects were stronger for college students with lower family support. CONCLUSION: The present study broadened our knowledge of the underlying mechanisms between loneliness and mobile phone addiction. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the impact loneliness can have on mobile phone addiction as well as its paths. Moreover, the results can also provide advice for parents and constructive suggestions for rationalizing college students' mobile phone use in the mobile Internet era. Educational professionals and parents should pay special attention to the problem of mobile phone addiction among lonely adolescents, especially for those with low family support.

Rhodiola rosea polysaccharides-based nanoparticles loaded with DOX boosts chemo-immunotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer by re-educating Tumor-associated macrophages.

Hydrophobic drug delivery vectors suffer significant challenges in cancer therapy, including efficient encapsulation and tumor targeting ability. In the present study, Rhodiola rosea polysaccharides (RHPs), which have the ability to modulate Tumor-associated macrophages and typical structural characteristics, were employed as an immunoactive vector for drug delivery. Folic acid (FA) and stearic acid (SA) were chemically modified to the backbone of RHPs to obtain the self-assembly and tumor-targeting behavior. Further, the hydrophobic drug, doxorubicin (DOX), was encapsulated in the RHPs derivatives (FA-RHPs-SA) with high efficiency. Additionally, the optimally formed DOX@FA-RHPs-SA had a uniform size distribution of approximately 196 nm and a pH-sensitive release capacity in different acidic conditions. In vitro experiments demonstrated that tumor cells could efficiently uptake DOX@FA-RHPs-SA. Furthermore, the modulatory function of the FA-RHPs-SA on RAW264.7 macrophages was also demonstrated in the transition from M0 to M1 phenotypes, and the M2 differentiated into the M1. Finally, the in vivo antitumor study revealed that the inhibitory effect of DOX@FA-RHPs-SA was superior to the DOX monotherapy treatment, and the new preparation functioned synergistically by inducing tumor cell apoptosis and modulating immune cell function. In conclusion, this study described an RHPs-based hydrophobic delivery vector and achieved an additional helpful antitumor effect by modulating Tumor-associated macrophages.

Anisotropic Hardening of TRIP780 Steel Sheet: Experiments and Analytical Modeling.

By combining experimental and theoretical models, this research investigates the anisotropic hardening behaviors of TRIP780 steel. The specimens of TRIP780 steel were subjected to uniaxial tensile and bulging tests under different loading conditions to obtain hardening data. The experimental results show that the strength and plastic deformation of TRIP780 steel vary with the loading directions, which indicates that TRIP780 steel has anisotropy characteristics. In this paper, the dichotomous method is used to ensure the convexity of the Chen-coupled quadratic and non-quadratic (CQN) function. Comparing the predictions of the hardening behavior of the TRIP780 steel sheet by the Yld2000-2d, Stoughton-Yoon'2009 and Chen-CQN functions, the results show that the Chen-CQN function exhibits the advantages of simple numerical implementation and a more realistic prediction of yield stress compared to the former two, respectively. Comparing the prediction of Chen-CQN function with the experimental hardening data, the results show that the deviation between the experimental data and the experimental response given by the function is always within 3%, and this function maintains an accurate prediction under different stress states, indicating that the Chen-CQN yield function has accuracy and flexibility for the characterization of the yield surface of TRIP780 steel.

Genotoxicity of organic contaminants in the soil: A review based on bibliometric analysis and methodological progress.

Organic contaminants (OCs) are ubiquitous in the environment, posing severe threats to human health and ecological balance. In particular, OCs and their metabolites could interact with genetic materials to induce genotoxicity, which has attracted considerable attention. In this review, bibliometric analysis was executed to analyze the publications on the genotoxicity of OCs in soil from 1992 to 2021. The result indicated that significant contributions were made by China and the United States in this field and the research hotspots were biological risks, damage mechanisms, and testing methods. Based on this, in this review, we summarized the manifestations and influencing factors of genotoxicity of OCs to soil organisms, the main damage mechanisms, and the most commonly utilized testing methods. OCs can induce genotoxicity and the hierarchical response of soil organisms, which could be influenced by the physicochemical properties of OCs and the properties of soil. Specific mechanisms of genotoxicity can be classified into DNA damage, epigenetic toxicity, and chromosomal aberrations. OCs with different molecular weights lead to genetic material damage by inducing the generation of ROS or forming adducts with DNA, respectively. The micronucleus test and the comet test are the most commonly used testing methods. Moreover, this review also pointed out that future studies should focus on the relationships between bioaccessibilities and genotoxicities, transcriptional regulatory factors, and potential metabolites of OCs to elaborate on the biological risks and mechanisms of genotoxicity from an overall perspective.